Tibetan costume

Tibetan costume

Tibetan men's clothing can be divided into three types: labor clothing, superfluous clothing and samurai clothing. Women's clothing has great changes in festivals, major events in life and rituals. Festival clothing is more rich and heavy than usual clothing.

Nowadays, modern clothes such as suits and jackets have been added to the wardrobe of many Tibetan families, reflecting the new taste of Tibetan people. However, many people still keep their traditional dress during the festival.

In November 2019, the Ministry of culture and tourism confirmed that Hainan culture center, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County Culture Center, Pulan County Culture and Tourism Bureau, "Tibet cuomei County Culture Bureau, Tibet Nyingchi Bayi district culture and Tourism Bureau, Tibet Naduo County Culture and tourism (cultural relics) bureau, Tibet Naqu city Shenzha County Culture and Tourism Bureau, and Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture culture center" were awarded“ Tibetan clothing "project protection unit qualification.

historical origin

At present, the oldest and extant material materials about Tibetan costumes are a small number of ornaments unearthed from the karuo site in Changdu, including hairpins, ornaments, beads, necklaces, card ornaments, shellfish ornaments, etc., reflecting that the indigenous people of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau had a high aesthetic taste four or five thousand years ago. They not only had the bone needles to sew clothes, but also had the ornaments that needed a certain aesthetic consciousness to create Beads, etc.

Tubo Era

Tibetan costume culture has a great development. During the period of "Zhong Er Ding Wang" (equivalent to the middle period of the Western Han Dynasty in the Central Plains), Tubo in the Yalong Valley in the South began to smelt iron, copper, silver and other minerals, which created conditions for the emergence of metal ornaments. According to the Tibetan history, in the third century AD, the costumes of Zanpu in Tibet were different, and there were differences in the level of costumes. During the period of shizai Songzanganbu, the history of Tubo opened a new page, Tubo culture developed rapidly, and its dress culture developed day by day. Tubo's slave system Dynasty had a strict hierarchy, and its clothing was becoming more and more perfect. From the Dunhuang frescoes reflecting the prosperity of Tubo, it can be seen that there are differences in the ranks of monarchs and ministers' costumes. Generally, only Zanpu can use the three petal crown hooped with grooved rimless hat, which is red, usually higher than ordinary people's hat; the attendants or ministers of the Tibetan king often wear flat topped rimless hat. The styles of the robes are also different. The decorations of the officials are divided into two categories: first-class rustle, second-class gold, third-class gold wrapped with silver, fourth-class silver, fifth class copper, sixth class iron, and so on. They are twelve levels in total. They are put in a three inch box and hung on the chest to distinguish the position. With the development of Tubo smelting industry, the military's armor has become more and more sophisticated. Some of them have only two eye sockets, and their bows and sharp blades can't be broken. Their majesty and bravery are still vividly seen in today's murals of Tubo warriors in Jokhang Temple. The Tubo nobles not only wore luxurious clothes, but also decorated their servants at parties and banquets. According to the red history, this kind of King's clothing was influenced by the Persian Dynasty, which reflected that the cultural exchanges had affected the level of clothing culture. From the close exchanges between Tubo and the Central Plains at the beginning of Songzanganbu, the long-term contact between the two national cultures was more important for the development of Tibetan clothing Fresh blood. According to historical records, when Princess Wencheng came to Tibet, she brought 20000 pieces of various kinds of satin, brocade, silk, various kinds of clothing materials, as well as a large number of gold and jade utensils. Songzan dry cloth and Tubo ministers took off their felt fur and changed to silk. The high-ranking officials in modern Tibet wore gold winged white Shamao and their hair was tied up in a bun, which was the dress of Jinshi in Tang Dynasty. In addition, Princess Wencheng's suggestion was adopted to ban the "ochre face" (coating the face with oil). Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet also brought the technology of planting sericulture and weaving. "Planting sericulture and weaving silk" greatly promoted the development of Tubo's clothing skills. A large number of Tubo's clothing relics unearthed in Dulan, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, truly and vividly reflected the technological level of Tubo's clothing. Most of the fabric patterns of clothing are beaded animal patterns, and the gold jewelry and ornaments are amazing. Today, the inlaid shapes of Tibetan women's ornaments can be found from these cultural relics. Stein's ancient Central Asian cultural relics also mentioned: "among the relics found in Tubo, there are many silk fabrics with patterns, some of which are printed and some woven, and the pattern images vary a lot, which can show the commercial status of Tubo Probably the focus of trade between China and West Asia. "Frequent exchanges promoted the development of Tubo economy and clothing culture.