placed under house arrest

placed under house arrest

Zhang Xueliang (June 3, 1901 - October 14, 2001) was named Hanqing, Yian, Shuangxi and xiaoliuzi. Han nationality, born in Dongfeng Town, Dawa County, Panjin City, Liaoning Province, was born in zhangjiawobaotun, Ejia village, Huandong Town, Tai'an County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province (formerly known as sangzilin zhanjiawopu). He is a general of the National Revolutionary Army, the eldest son of Zhang zuolin, the leader of the warlord, and a famous patriotic general in modern China.

After the huanggutun incident, he took over the post of commander in chief of the Northeast security forces. He refused to be drawn up by the Japanese and insisted on "changing the banner of the northeast", contributing to the reunification of the motherland and national unity. Later, he served as deputy commander of the land, sea and air force of the Republic of China and a general of the army. After the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai Shek and his son were under house arrest for a long time. He resumed his personal freedom in 1990, left Taiwan to live in Hawaii since 1995, and died in Honolulu on October 14, 2001 at the age of 101.

Zhang Xueliang actively advocated Anti Japanese and opposed civil war. Together with General Yang Hucheng, he launched the "Xi'an Incident", which shocked China and foreign countries. He promoted the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and formed the Anti Japanese national united front. In addition, he was one of the four most beautiful men in the Republic of China. His love with Miss Zhao Si also became a good story.

Life of the characters

Study experience

He served in his father Zhang zuolin's army in 1917. In 1919, he studied in the Military Academy of the three eastern provinces and met Guo Songling, a tactical instructor in the school. They became intimate friends. After 1920, he graduated as the first in the artillery division, and was the head of the second regiment of the third mixed brigade of the Northeast Army. He was responsible for protecting Zhang zuolin's personal safety and maintaining law and order in Fengtian. He took Guo Songling to Fengjun with him.

The first war of Zhifeng

In 1922, the first Zhifeng war broke out. Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling commanded the third mixed brigade of Fengjun in the East Route Army. Zhang Xueliang served as brigade commander. After the battle of Baxian county and the blocking battle of Shanhaiguan, he became the only Fengjun army that won the first Zhifeng war.

The second Zhifeng war

In 1924, the second Zhifeng war broke out. Zhang Xueliang led the Fengjun Third Army and Jiang dengxuan's Fengjun second army as the main force of the Northeast Army. After Zhang Xueliang's fierce attack, the Fengjun army broke through Shanhaiguan and directly attacked Beiping. The lineage was defeated and the whole army was destroyed. Wu Peifu became Zhang zuolin's subordinate, and the lineage went into history from then on. Fengxi captured the central government in the first World War, Zhang zuolin became the leader of the northern warlords, and Fengxi's military strength reached its peak at this time. After the war, Zhang Xueliang was promoted to commander in chief of the garrison in Jingyu area.

The Northeast changed its banner

On June 4, 1928, Zhang zuolin was killed by the Japanese Kwantung Army in huanggutun. Zhang Xueliang became the commander in chief of the security of the three eastern provinces and began to rule the northeast. One week after Zhang zuolin's death, he announced his obedience to the Nanjing National Government with decisive action of "changing the banner of Northeast China". On July 1 of the same year, Zhang Xueliang issued "never hinder the unified power" to the national government, urging China to move towards reunification formally. Later, he was appointed deputy commander of land, sea and air force and commander of northeast frontier defense by the national government.

Zhongdong road incident

In July 1929, Zhang Xueliang wanted to cancel the privileges of the Soviet Union in the northeast, seal up the Soviet commercial institutions in Harbin, and began to recover the Middle East Railway. On August 14, Stalin ordered the Soviet army to attack the northeast along the Middle East Road, and the Northeast Army led by Zhang Xueliang was defeated by the Soviet army. Zhang Xueliang was forced to sign a protocol in Boli to restore the Soviet Union's railway privileges in the Middle East.

Central Plains war

In March 1930, Wang Jingwei, together with Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren and other local power factions, launched a civil war to challenge Chiang Kai Shek's Nanjing central government and the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in order to fight for the central government's ruling power. In May, Chiang Kai Shek declared "vindication", which is historically known as the Central Plains war. Zhang Xueliang, commander of the northeast frontier force, became the target of the warring parties. The anti Jiang faction appointed Zhang as deputy commander of the army, navy and air force on April 1. After the establishment of the Beiping national government in September, the anti Jiang faction appointed Zhang as a member of the national government (a total of 7 people), promised half of the government's ministerial posts as a member of the Fengxi faction, and finally promised to cede the peace and Tianjin area of Chahar and Suiyuan to the Northeast Army when the war was not favorable.

On June 21, 1930, Chiang Kai Shek also appointed him as deputy commander of the land, sea and air force, promising that Zhang Xueliang would control the military, political and financial power in Pingjin area, and that all areas north of the Yellow River would be controlled by Zhang Xueliang. He also appointed Yu Xuezhong, Zhang Xueliang's Department, as commander of Pingjin garrison, Wang Shuchang as chairman of Hebei Province, and Wang Jiazhen as vice minister of foreign affairs, and bribed him with tens of millions of yuan. At Chiang Kai Shek's request, British and French envoys to China also came out to put pressure on Zhang.

At the beginning of the conflict between the two sides, Zhang Xueliang published "advising Jiang and Yan to fight for peace by cable" on March 1, 1930, saying that "the state is difficult, and it is not enough to survive without fighting for peace", claiming that he is neutral and mediates. To show his neutrality, Zhang Xueliang, who owns the Northeast Arsenal, sold weapons to both sides. But in fact, Zhang Xueliang is more inclined to Chiang Kai Shek. Zhang is very close to Zhang Qun, Wu Tiecheng, Fang Benren and other representatives of Chiang Kai Shek, but is more indifferent to Yan, Feng and other representatives. However, because there were many differences within the Fengxi about whether to intervene in the Central Plains war and which side to help, Zhang Xueliang did not make up his mind to enter the pass to help Jiang.

With the expansion of the war in the Central Plains, both sides tried their best to attract Zhang Xueliang. On July 2, 1930, Zhang Xueliang took refuge in Huludao for more than a month on the ground of convalescence. In late July, Feng Yuxiang decided to launch a general offensive on the Longhai line to cooperate with the Jin army in seizing Xuzhou, a strategic place. However, due to Yan Jun's poor cooperation and Feng Jun's lack of supplies, the southern Guangxi army was hindered and returned to the Hunan Guangxi border. Chiang Kai Shek took the opportunity to mobilize reinforcements to strengthen the defense of the Longhai line, and the anti Chiang forces were at a disadvantage. At that time, Zhang Xueliang analyzed that if Chiang Kai Shek's troops recaptured Jinan, the situation that Chiang would win the Central Plains war would be basically clear. At this point, Zhang Xueliang felt that the time had come for a showdown.

On July 18, 1930, Zhang Xueliang sent a secret telegram to Zhang Qun: "my younger brother plans not to return to the province for the time being. He has sent a car to welcome the elder brother of Yuejun (Zhang Qun, Yuejun) to the island to have a talk. If the two elder brothers Yao (Fang Benren, Yao ting) and tie (Wu Tiecheng) can come together, I hope they can come together.". After Wu Tiecheng and Zhang Qun came to the island, Zhang Xueliang said to them, "if Jiang's army takes back Jinan, it can consider sending troops." but he still refused to say the specific time of sending troops. In early August, Zhang Xueliang went from Huludao to Beidaihe to further observe the changes of the current situation and grasp the opportunity to send troops. In the middle of August, Chiang's army captured Jinan, and the anti Chiang allied forces lost irretrievably.

Zhang Xueliang felt that the time had come to send troops. On August 30, 1930, he called Zhang Zuoxiang and WAN Fulin: "Liang will return to the province on August 30. We have business to do now. I hope to come to Shen immediately." On August 30, 1930, Zhang Xueliang returned to Shenyang. On September 10, 1930, Zhang Xueliang presided over the Northeast summit in Beiling. At the meeting, Zhang Xueliang elaborated on the reasons why he decided to send troops to North China to mediate the civil war. He pointed out: first, the northeast is located in the border area, and Japan has been watching for a long time. To resist the Japanese aggressors, it is necessary to unify the country. The Nanjing government is the unified government of the whole country, and only by supporting this government can we ensure the unification of the country. Second, the expansion conference has many factions and big differences, and Yan Feng is capricious and can not achieve great things. Third, Chiang Kai Shek is also a conspiracy careerist, and has no special relationship with the northeast In order to prevent Chiang Kai Shek from continuing to divide the Northeast Army, the only way is to realize the reunification of the whole country as soon as possible and stop the civil war as soon as possible. Fourth, Chiang Kai Shek's army has captured Jinan and "should fulfill its promise to Chiang Kai Shek.". Zhang Xueliang's incisive analysis was obtained after several months of calm thinking. It was well founded, which made Zhang Zuoxiang, who had always opposed sending troops, have nothing to say. The participants agreed with Zhang Xueliang's proposition. It should be said that Zhang Xueliang's decision to support Jiang's entry into GATT was not only to safeguard the interests of his own Fengxi clique, but also to safeguard the patriotism of national unity.

On September 18, 1930, Zhang Xueliang issued a "smart telegram" to support the Central Committee and call for peace. He lost no time in sending troops to North China. In more than 10 days, the Northeast Army completed its occupation of the Pingjin area. On October 15, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang and Wang Jingwei called Zhang Xueliang to express their acceptance of a peaceful settlement. Later, Yan and Feng went to the field together, and the Jin army and the northwest army were recruited by Zhang and Jiang respectively.

After the Central Plains war, Zhang Xueliang became the winner. Zhang entered the pass at different times in the Central Plains war without any loss. However, he not only made a fortune by selling arms and asking for military expenses (as soon as Zhang's troops entered the pass, Jiang paid 5 million yuan), but also gained the territory of Heping, Tianjin and Qingdao in Shanxi, Hebei, Chahar and Suiyuan after the war. The integrated Jin army and the first northwest army were also under Zhang's command. Politically, Zhang Xueliang also won the post of deputy commander of the land, sea and air force of the Republic of China, becoming a prominent figure under Chiang Kai Shek and above ten thousand people. Many of his subordinates also entered the Nanjing central government. After the Central Plains war, Zhang Xueliang's strength and reputation reached the peak of his life.

However, because of dealing with the aftermath of the Central Plains war, Zhang Xueliang's energy on Northeast affairs was dispersed; and a large number of northeast troops who entered the pass after the Central Plains war did not return to defense. In 1931, Zhang Xueliang again recruited some elite northeast troops to enter the pass in order to fight against Shi Yousan, which led to the further emptiness of the forces in the three eastern provinces. All of these provided an opportunity for Japanese imperialism, which had been plotting for a long time in Northeast China. On September 18, just one year after Zhang Xueliang entered the GATT, Japanese young soldiers launched the September 18 Incident.

September 18 Incident

In the context of the world economic crisis, the possibility of conflict between Japan, which has railway privileges in southern Manchuria, and China, which has been in a state of civil war for a long time, has increased. On July 6, 1931,

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Xue Liang