Bethune
Bethune
Bethune, Henry Norman Bethune (March 4, 1890 - November 12, 1939), is a member of the Communist Party of Canada, an internationalist fighter and a famous thoracic surgeon. Born in grevenhurst, Ontario, Canada in 1890, he joined the Communist Party of Canada in 1935 and came to China in 1938 to participate in the Anti Japanese revolution. He died in the early hours of November 12, 1939, because he was infected by bacteria during the operation and turned into septicemia. During his one and a half years of working in China, he devoted himself to the Chinese Anti Japanese revolution. Mao Zedong called him a noble man, a pure man, a moral man, a man divorced from vulgar tastes, and a person beneficial to the people.
Character experience
Childhood
On March 4, 1890, Henry Norman Bethune was born into a pastor's family in the small town of grevenhurst in Northern Ontario, Canada.
Bethune was brave and adventurous. When he was 6 years old, Bethune went to Toronto, far away from the town, alone. He lost his way, but he didn't cry. When the police sent him home and his mother criticized him, he said, "I want to taste the adventure." Once, he took his younger brother to climb a mountain and found a beautiful butterfly. He chased and chased until he reached the top of the mountain, which scared his younger brother to cry. At the age of 8, Bethune caught sparrows and flies. After catching them, he dissected them and became a surgeon like his grandfather. He was also a good swimmer and wanted to swim across the Gulf of chizia at the age of 10.
Youth
In 1916, he graduated from the medical school of the University of Toronto with a bachelor's degree.
In 1922, he was admitted to the Royal Society of surgeons.
In 1923, Bethune passed a very strict examination and became a clinical graduate student of the Royal College of surgery.
In the summer of 1926, Bethune was unfortunately infected with tuberculosis.
At the beginning of 1928, Bethune returned to Montreal and became the first assistant of Dr. Edward Archibald, the pioneer of Canadian Thoracic Surgery in Royal Victoria Hospital of McGill University. During this period, he invented and improved 12 kinds of medical surgical instruments and published 14 influential academic papers.
In 1933, he was employed as a consultant to the health department of the federal and local governments of Canada.
In 1935, he was elected as a member and director of the American Society of thoracic surgery.
Revolutionary career
In November 1935, he joined the Communist Party of Canada.
In the winter of 1936, he volunteered to go to Spain to take part in the anti fascist struggle.
In December 1937, he went to New York to register with the international aid committee for China, and took the initiative to request the formation of a medical team to work with the guerrillas in northern China.
On January 2, 1938, he went to Hong Kong by sea liner from Vancouver with enough medicine and equipment to equip several medical teams.
On March 31, he led a medical team composed of Canadians and Americans to Yan'an, China. Mao Zedong cordially received Bethune and his party.
At the beginning of July, he returned to the mountainous area of Western Hebei Province to participate in the organization and leadership of the health organs of the military region. We established health schools, trained a large number of medical cadres, and compiled a variety of battlefield medical textbooks.
In August, he served as the health consultant of the Jin Cha Ji Military District of the Eighth Route Army.
From November 1938 to February 1939, he led the medical team to Yanbei and Jizhong frontline of Shanxi Province for battlefield treatment. In four months, he traveled 750 kilometers, performed more than 300 operations, established 13 operating rooms and dressing houses, and treated a large number of wounded people.
He died of serious illness
In late October 1939, when rescuing the wounded in the battle of Motianling, Laiyuan County, Hebei Province, his left middle finger was cut and infected by a scalpel.
In the early morning of November 12 of the same year, he died in huangshikou village, Tang County, Hebei Province because he was infected by bacteria during the operation and turned into septicemia.
Anecdotes and allusions
Mass blood bank
In June 1938, Bethune taught blood transfusion technology in the rear hospital of Songyankou military region, Wutai County, Shanxi Province. "Blood transfusion" was a relatively new technology at that time, which could only be carried out in a few hospitals in big cities in China. Under the condition of field medical treatment, blood transfusion is something that people dare not even think about. Bethune first described in detail the basic knowledge of blood collection operation, standard blood type making, blood type identification, blood matching test, storage, transportation and custody, and then introduced a patient with chest trauma, 34 year old minister of health Ye Qingshan, who was the first to donate blood.
Having tested the blood type, Bethune asked Ye Qingshan to lie on the bed opposite to the patient's head and foot, and took out a simple blood transfusion device. The leather tube with the needle is connected to the veins of their left and right arms. There is a three-way valve in the middle of the leather tube, and the valve is connected with the syringe. Bethune led the valve to Minister Ye, pulled the needle plug, and the red blood flowed into the syringe, and then turned the valve, and the blood flowed into the patient's body. All of you applauded warmly. For the first time in the history of Chinese military field surgery, field blood transfusion was a success. The second patient pushed, Bethune took the initiative to lie next to the patient, can not be denied, said: "I am type O blood, draw my." Bethune was praised as "the blood bank of the masses" by the masses.
Lectures
In the summer of 1939, Bethune studied in Shanxi chaji health school and taught "field surgery demonstration course". Just after class, Bethune told nurse Zhao Chong to open the "Lugou Bridge". "Lugou Bridge" is a kind of bridge type wooden frame designed by Bethune for field operation. It is built on horseback, with one end for medicine and the other for equipment. The nurse moved down the "Lugouqiao" and took out the things. In a short time, the operating table, dressing table, instrument barrel, medicine bottle car and wash basin were ready one by one. The doctors, nurses, pharmacists, stretchers and recorders were in place, and the simple operating room was arranged. The next step is to demonstrate the process of the wounded entering the operation. The wounded are carried in from the door, moved, removed the bandage, checked the condition of the injury, changed the dressing, bandaged or operated in order. The third step is the withdrawal of the operating room, all supplies orderly return, and finally the "Lugou Bridge" on horseback. Dr. Bethune said that to be a good doctor, we should not only have good skills, but also be ready to go to the front.
Flood fighting and rescue
In July 1939, the torrential rain for more than ten days increased the water level of Tanghe River, and the flood threatened Shenbei village, Wanxian County, Hebei Province. A few fellow villagers held him tightly, not letting him take risks. Bethune sighed helplessly. The flood threatened the safety of the health school, and the higher authorities decided to transfer the school to hexiyan. Bethune immediately found the school and asked to join the commando team. There was no ferry, so we used a large bamboo basket tied to a ladder as a means of transport. Bethune and the boys of the commando team jumped into the water, ten people in a row, hand in hand, carrying supplies back and forth.
Pay attention to emotion
In the autumn of 1923, at the age of 33, Bethune went to Edinburgh, England, to take the membership examination of the surgical society, and met Frances, a 22-year-old British girl. Bethune fell in love with Frances at first sight and soon married them. A year later, Bethune developed tuberculosis. Bethune said to his wife that death was coming to him. He could not infect his wife with lung disease and wanted to divorce her. Although Bethune repeatedly "mobilized", his wife Frances repeatedly refused. Bethune had no choice but to submit a divorce application to the court.
In November 1939, Bethune was infected with septicemia while rescuing the wounded of the Eighth Route Army. When his life was in danger, Bethune wrote a letter to Nie Rongzhen, distributing the legacy to his comrades in arms one by one. He thought of Frances, too. He asked the International Committee for aid to China to allocate a sum of money for his divorced wife's life, or to pay by instalments to And asked to explain to her that he was very sorry, but also told her that he had been very happy.
work seriously
After Bethune came to China, he once saw a little nurse in the ward changing the medicine for the wounded. He found that the medicine in the medicine bottle was inconsistent with the label name on the medicine bottle. In other words, the medicine in the medicine bottle was not the medicine that should be used. If the medicine was wrong, there would be problems. Bethune seriously criticized the little nurse and told her that if she did things so carelessly, she would die. Bethune scraped the label off the bottle with a knife and said, "we are responsible to our comrades. We will not allow this to happen again." The little nurse was criticized, her face turned red and her tears were about to flow out. Bethune was very angry, but he controlled his mood and said, "please forgive me for my bad temper, but I can't do health work seriously and strictly." After the event, Bethune proposed to the political commissar that we should strengthen education and improve the sense of responsibility of the staff in order to do a good job.
member of family
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Achievements and contributions
In 1924, Bethune was suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. He still worked hard and invented "artificial pneumothorax therapy", which was a great success in his experiment. His original thoracic surgery is well-known in the medical field.
In the summer of 1931, Bethune signed a patent agreement with the pilings & Sons company of Philadelphia, which was responsible for the manufacture and sale of surgical instruments invented by Bethune and named "Bethune instruments" - there were 22 kinds of such instruments, and these instruments were in a leading position at that time.
From 1936 to 1937, Bethune went to Spain to join the Spanish Civil War as a volunteer to support the international anti fascist movement. During this period, he founded a mobile first aid system for the wounded, which became the rudiment of the mobile military surgical hospital widely used in the future. He invented the first method of transporting blood in the world, which is of great significance in medicine.
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Chinese PinYin : Bai Qiu En
