Zhang Dayu

Zhang Dayu

Zhang Dayu (January 15, 1906 - February 20, 1989), male, Ren Yu, was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. He is a physical chemist, one of the pioneers of Chinese catalytic science, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, researcher of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the third director.

In 1929, Zhang Dayu graduated from Tsinghua University and studied in Germany at public expense. He went to Dresden university to study colloid and surface chemistry. In 1933, he returned to China to teach at Tsinghua University, where he was a lecturer and professor. In 1937, he taught at National Southwest Associated University and concurrently served as a researcher at the Institute of chemistry of Academia Sinica. In 1945, he served as a professor at Jiaotong University and Tsinghua University in Beijing He was employed as the director of the Department of chemical engineering of Dalian University in 1949, and also served as a researcher and deputy director of the Institute of science of Dalian University. In 1952, the Institute of science of Dalian University, where Zhang Dayu worked, was under the leadership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and was successively renamed as the Institute of industrial chemistry, the Institute of petroleum and the Dalian Institute of chemical physics. He served as the director of the institute all the time. He also served as the director of the Institute from 1954 to 1967 He was the first director of Shanxi Institute of coal chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; he was also the first director of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences from 1958 to 1978; he was transferred to the Institute of photosensitive chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences as consultant and director of the first academic committee in 1977; he died of illness on February 20, 1989 at the age of 83; in 2016, Zhang Dayu College of Dalian University of technology was established.

In his early years, Zhang Dayu was engaged in the research of colloidal chemistry and surface chemistry; in the early 1950s, he carried out the basic research on the processing technology and chemistry of oil, shale oil and coal; and led the scientific research in the fields of catalysis, chromatography, chemical laser and chemical engineering.

Life of the characters

On January 15, 1906, Zhang Dayu was born in Changjing Town, Jiangyin County, Jiangsu Province. After graduating from high school, he was admitted to Nankai University and then transferred to Tsinghua University. In 1926, Zhang Dayu, Tsinghua University, Central University, Jiaotong University and other students initiated the Earth Society, which was headed by Zhai Fengyang. Its members included Ge Chunlin, Yuan Hanqing, Zhang Dayu and more than ten others. They often discussed how to "save the country by industry" and "save the country by science", and participated in student movements many times. They broke away from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of foreign affairs and turned Tsinghua from a preparatory school in the United States to a formal school Universities have played a role. In 1929, Zhang Dayu graduated from Tsinghua University. In the same year, he was admitted to study in Germany and the United States at public expense. He gave up the quota of studying in the United States to his classmates and went to Dresden university to study colloid and surface chemistry. In 1933, after receiving a doctorate in engineering, Zhang Dayu returned to China and taught at Tsinghua University. In 1937, when the Anti Japanese war broke out, Zhang Dayu went from Beiping to Changsha, and then from Changsha to Kunming. He taught at the Southwest Associated University and was also a researcher in the Institute of chemistry of Academia Sinica. In 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Zhang Dayu went to Shanghai from Kunming to teach Industrial Chemistry and colloidal chemistry as a professor of Jiaotong University and director of the Department of chemical engineering of Tsinghua University in Beijing. Under extremely difficult conditions, he also carried out some research work. After studying abroad for more than ten years, he was at a loss. He saw with his own eyes that it was impossible for intellectuals to realize the ideal of enriching the country and strengthening the people in old China. At the end of 1948, Zhang Dayu left Shanghai, bypassed Hong Kong and North Korea, and arrived in Dalian in early 1949. In 1949, at the beginning of the founding of Dalian University, Zhang Dayu was employed as the director of the Department of chemical engineering of Dalian University, and served as a researcher and deputy director of the Institute of science of Dalian University (later renamed as Dalian Branch of Northeast Institute of Science). In 1952, the Scientific Research Institute of Dalian University was under the leadership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and was renamed as the Institute of industrial chemistry, Petroleum Research Institute, and Dalian Institute of chemical physics. In 1953, under the initiative of Zhang Dayu and the Ministry of fuel industry, the liquid Research Committee was established, with Zhang Dayu as its chairman. In October 1954, on the basis of Coal Research Office of Institute of petroleum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, it was changed into an independent office, named Coal Research Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences (now Shanxi Institute of coal chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences). Zhang Dayu was concurrently the first director (January 1967). In 1958, the former research offices of catalytic chemistry, analytical chemistry and lubricating materials of Institute of petroleum, Chinese Academy of Sciences were moved to Lanzhou and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences was established. Zhang Dayu was also the first director (1978). In 1960, Zhang Dayu gave an academic report on "surface bond theory in heterogeneous catalysis research" at the conference of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai. In November 1961, when Dalian Institute of petroleum was about to change its name to Institute of Chemical Physics, Zhang Dayu, together with Bai Jiefu, then Secretary of the Institute's Party committee, defined the direction and tasks of the Institute, the main scientific fields of development, and worked out the long-term plan of the Institute. During the period of "Cultural Revolution", Zhang Dayu was persecuted, his body and mind were severely damaged, and his depression became a disease. In 1977, Zhang Dayu was transferred to the Institute of photosensitive chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as consultant and director of the first academic committee, and also as consultant of Dalian Institute of chemical physics. Zhang Yu died of illness on February 20, 1989.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

In his early years, he was engaged in the research of colloidal chemistry and surface chemistry. During the Anti Japanese War, Li Dian chemical plant was set up in Yiliang, Yunnan Province to engage in low temperature carbonization of lignite. In the early 1950s, the first Petroleum Research Institute was established to carry out basic research on the processing technology and chemistry of oil, shale oil and coal. In the 1960s, Lanzhou Institute of petroleum and Shanxi Institute of coal chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were established, which promoted the development of Science in the mainland. Led the scientific research in catalysis, chromatography, chemical laser and chemical engineering, promoted the progress of China's petroleum refining, petrochemical industry, fertilizer industry and high energy fuel, organized and led the research and development of new purification process of synthetic ammonia feed gas, reaching the international advanced level at that time. up to 1988, Zhang Dayu has published more than 30 academic papers on colloidal chemistry, adsorption and catalysis, catalyst research, water gas synthesis, surface chemistry, etc. LottermoserA.ChangTa - yu.Physicochemicalinvestigationsofironsols .I.Thec hargeofironoxidesols.ondilution.Kolliodz .,1933,(64):268-79. LottermoserA.,ChangTa- yu.IronOxideSols .Ⅱ.TheCha rgeinirregularSeries.KolloidZ ,1933,(65):62-72. ChangTa-yu,PeterP.T. Sah.Soy -leanCurdskinasdialysismem- brare.SeienceRepts.Natl . Tsinghua.Univ .,1934,(2):257-261. ChangTa-yu, WangDeh- shi.Electrolyticreductionofm -haloni-trobenzenesetotheazo-compounds.J. ChineseChem.Soc .,1935,(3):218-222. ChangTa-yu,ChiaoShou- tsung.Abilityofneutra1saltstopermeateacollodionmembrane .J. ChineseChem.Soc .,1935,(3)308-320. ChangTa-yu,ChenKuan-Jung,YinChao- Lan.Thermalconducitivityofkaolingtoard . ScienceRepts.Natl.TsinghuaUniv .,1936, (3):539-544. ChangTa-yu, KaoPan.Thermaldecompositionofcopperscetate .J. Chem.Eng.China ,1937,(4):160-163. ChangTa-yu,WuChih,LiuChang- chiu.ActivationofCharcoalbySuper -heatedSteam,I.TimeandTemperatureofactivation.I. ChineseChem.Soc .,1936,(4):370-379. ChangTa-yu,LoChien-pen, ChenHsin- min.Miscibilityofthermallytreatedcastoroilwithmineraloil .J. Chem.Eng.China ,1940,(

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Da Yu