Lu Longqi

Lu Longqi

Lu Longqi (1630-1692), formerly known as Longqi, changed his name to Longqi because of taboo. He was born in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, and was named Shizhen by genealogy. Scholars called him Mr. Danghu, an agent of Qing Dynasty.

Kangxi nine years (1670) Jinshi, calendar official Jiangnan Jiading, Zhili Lingshou county magistrate, Sichuan Road supervision Yushi, when called Xunli. When he left office, he had only a few books and his wife's loom.

Zhu Xi, the academic expert, rejected King Lu, and was praised as "the first Confucian Minister of Neo Confucianism" by the Qing government. Together with Lu Shiyi, he was called "Er Lu".

Kangxi 31 years (1692) died. In the first year of Qianlong's reign (1736), his posthumous title was offered to him by the Qing Dynasty, and he was awarded the title of cabinet bachelor and Minister of rites, and was worshipped in Confucius Temple. His works include "qiongmianlu", "shushuzhiyi", "sanyutang anthology", etc.

Life of the characters

Civilizing the people

In his early years, Lu long was forced by his life and made a living by sitting in a restaurant. When he was 27 years old, he took the exam to make up for his disciples.

Kangxi nine years (1670) in the second class Jinshi.

In the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), he was granted the title of magistrate of Jiading (now Shanghai). When he took office, he restrained the powerful and reorganized Xujie, which was deeply loved by the villagers.

Jiading is a big county with a large amount of taxes, and the folk customs pursue extravagance and waste. Lu Longqi was simple and thrifty, and tried to educate the people with morality. When he met his father telling his son, he advised him with tears in his eyes, so that his son helped him back and served him well. When he met his younger brother suing his elder brother, he found out that the instigator had been punished by the stick, so that both brothers were moved and regretted. Some young people with bad conduct collude with each other to do evil, so they put on shackles and show them to the public at the intersection. When they see that they repent, they are released. A servant of the rich family took away the firewood cutter's wife, and Lu Longqi sent officers to arrest and punish him, which made the rich man change his past behavior and become a good man. In case of a lawsuit, Lu Longqi doesn't have to go to the police to arrest people. If it's a dispute within the clan, it's governed by the clan leader. If it's a dispute in the village, it's governed by the elder. Sometimes both the plaintiff and the defendant come to the county government for mediation, which is called "self pursuit". In order to collect taxes, Lu Longqi established the "comparison method", which wrote down the names of the people for comparison, and the amount of payment was reported by each person. At the same time, it established the "sweet limit law" and ordered that the amount owed in today's limited payment be doubled in the future.

Cry and climb

In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), the rebellion broke out in San Francisco. The imperial court levied military salaries because of the need of war. Lu Longqi ordered the levy, and explained that "it is not good for your people, but also harmful to the state affairs, if you do not consider one or half of the official posts.". So each household issued a name card of the county magistrate for persuasion. In less than a month, they paid 100000 yuan and caught up with the Levy of housing construction tax. Lu Longqi thought that only the tax on shops in the city should be levied, and ordered that it should not involve rural people's families.

The governor of Jiangning, Mu Tianyan Shangshu, requested that the governors of different states and counties should adjust the law more. Therefore, when it comes to Jiading County's complicated government affairs and many tax evaders, although Lu Longqi's conduct is known as the best, he has no ability to deal with complex affairs, so he should be transferred to a county with simple affairs. After the discussion in the Ministry of officials, Lu Longqi was demoted for lack of talent. Someone in the county was killed by a robber on the road, but his family appealed against the killing. Lu Longqi captured the robber and decided the trial. The Ministry of punishment believed that the initial report did not mention the robbers, in order to conceal the fault of the robbers and take away Lu Longqi's official position.

When he left office, he brought only a few volumes of books and his wife's loom. The people supported the old and carried the young. They cried and climbed the yuan. Thousands of Jiading scholars could not stay. Therefore, they engraved gongguiji as a gift.

Clean and love the people

In 1678, the imperial court selected talents with erudition. Lu Longqi didn't have time to take the exam, so he returned home because of his father's death.

In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), Wei Xiangshu, the censor of zuodu, elected incorruptible officials in accordance with the order of Emperor Kangxi, and Shangshu recommended Lu Longqi to be incorruptible and love his own people. Emperor Kangxi ordered him to be a county magistrate after his funeral.

In 1683, Lu Longqi was granted the title of Zhili Lingshou county magistrate. The land of Lingshou is barren, the people are poor, the labor is various and the folk custom is frivolous. Lu Longqi asked his superior to change his service with his neighboring county, so he could take turns to replace him. In fact, Lu long carried out the village covenant, inspected Baojia, issued more notices, repeatedly educated the people, and made sure to get rid of the custom of fighting and suicide.

In 1684, the governor of Zhili recommended Lu Longqi and Zhang penghe as incorruptible officials.

In the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), Emperor Kangxi issued an imperial edict to Jiuqing to recommend people with excellent knowledge and good conduct. Lu Longqi was recommended again and was granted the imperial edict to be transferred to the capital. In the seventh year of his life, when he left office, the road was full of people, weeping to see him off, just like when he left Jiading. After he was transferred to Beijing, Lu Longqi was awarded the censor of Sichuan Dao. When Yu Yangzhi's father died, the governor asked Emperor Kangxi to let him keep his father's funeral. Lu Longqi said that the world is peaceful, Huguang is not a place to use troops, so he should do his filial duty. So Yu Yangzhi returned to his hometown.

make one 's utmost efforts to fight for one 's point of view

In 1691, in order to raise military expenditure, the Qing government granted official positions to the donors. Imperial censor Chen Jing asked to stop the practice that donors must be recommended before they can be promoted. However, the policy of giving priority to those who donate more was not approved by the Ministry of officials after discussion.

Lu Longqi Shangshu said: "it is not the emperor's intention to grant officials to the donors. If the donors are allowed not to be recommended, then it is no different from being an official on the right path. Besides, can incorruptness be obtained through donations? As for giving priority to those who donate, it is tantamount to opening the way to compete for fame and wealth, which is not feasible. In particular, we need to ask for the practice of letting the donor resign if he is not recommended within three years, so as to clarify the way of promotion. " Jiuqing discussed that: "if the practice of dismissing the donor is implemented, then those who want to be recommended will be more competitive."

Therefore, Emperor Kangxi issued an imperial edict to Chen Jing for detailed discussion. Lu Longqi also said: "donors are wise and stupid. Only by recommendation can we prevent the disadvantages. If you exclude the recommendation and only approve the donation, are there any people who do not donate? Critics think that it's too harsh to let a civilian resign without recommendation in three years. It's too much for these civilians who have no fame to get an official position and have been above the common people for three years. Even if they resign at home, they are just as proud as an official. If we say that these people seek recommendation through drilling camp, as long as the governor and governor are wise, where do they go to fight? Even if the governor or governor is not wise, he can't recommend all the people. " This Shangshu is even more eloquent. Chen Jing and Jiuqing still hold different opinions. On the ground that the donors are waiting and will delay the supply of military supplies, the Ministry of accounts requests to take away Lu Longqi's official post and send it to Fengtian for resettlement.

Emperor Kangxi said: "Lu Longqi has not been an official for a long time. He does not understand the situation and should be punished, but he can be forgiven as an official." As it happens, Yin Wei of shuntianfu not only inspected Yafu, but also wrote a memorial to the court, which made the people worried that Lu Longqi would be sent far away. As a result, Lu Longqi was free from distribution. Soon, Lu Longqi was ordered to inspect the north city. At the end of his appointment, the Ministry of officials discussed transferring him abroad, so Lu Longqi returned home on leave.

In 1692, Lu Longqi died.

In 1694, Emperor Kangxi wanted to use Lu Longqi as an official in Jiangnan, and his courtiers reported that Lu Longqi had passed away, so he used Shao siyao. In the past, Shao siyao and Lu Longqi were both transferred from foreign officials to the capital because of their incorruptness.

In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Emperor Yongzheng came to the school palace to discuss the increase of the followers of Confucianism, among which Lu Longqi was one.

In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Emperor Qianlong bestowed the posthumous title of Qing Xian with the title of cabinet bachelor and Minister of rites.

In 1765, Du Nian, the magistrate of Jiading County, admired Lu Longqi's political achievements. He repaired Yingkui academy beside Confucius Temple and built additional lecture hall. He took the name of Danghu, another name of Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, where Lu was born, as a memorial.

When Lu Longqi was a county official, he advocated practical administration, and the people of Jiading County praised Lu Longqi until the end of the Qing Dynasty. Fuping County, Lingshou's neighboring county, built a tomb for him. The Lu family, who lived there from generation to generation, called themselves the descendants of Lu Longqi.

Historical evaluation

Wei Xiangshu: Longqi was clean and loved the people. On the official day, only a few books and his wife had one loom. The love of the people was better than that of their parents.

Yu Hehu: some officials are poor, but others are not.

Wang Shizhen: Recently, there are incorruptible officials, such as Yu Chenglong, the magistrate of Huangzhou, and Lu Longqi, the magistrate of Jiading.

Yongyu: in modern times, Lu Longqi respected Cheng and Zhu Zhixue, Tang binyuan Shao Lu and Wang Zhixu, and they were all famous ministers.

Draft of the history of Qing Dynasty: in the Qing Dynasty, famous officials were worshipped in Confucius Temple. Bin, Longqi and boxing were only three people. They all started from outside officials and were met by the emperor. Longqi's officials were not censors, but honest and upright. The people loved him as their parents, and he was the same as bin and Bo Xing. He was not tolerated for a long time, but loved by his ancestors. After the Han and Tang Dynasties, Gai was rare. Bin was not inferior to Wang Shouren, but Longqi was loyal to Cheng and Zhu. He denounced Shouren for his preciseness. If we want him to practice and do his political work, we can all live up to what he has learned. Although he tends to the countryside and has a little narrow, there is nothing to be done.

Neo Confucianism

Lu Longqi was an important representative of Zhu Xi's Neo Confucianism and Wang Shouren's theory of mind in the early Qing Dynasty, enjoying the reputation of "the first of Confucianism" and "an important preacher". In his life, apart from his official duties and teaching, he also took academic prosperity and correct people's mind as his own duty.

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