Pengjiamu
Pengjiamu
Peng Jiamu (1925.5.19-1980.6.17), formerly known as Peng Jiamu, male, Han nationality, born in Panyu city, Guangdong Province, is a member of the Communist Party of China, biochemist, former researcher of Shanghai Institute of biochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice president of Xinjiang branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After graduating from the Agricultural College of Central University in 1947, Peng Jiamu was assigned to the soil Department of the Agricultural College of Peking University as a teaching assistant. In 1949, he worked in Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and successively served as assistant researcher, associate researcher and researcher. He joined the New Democratic Youth League of China in 1950. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1953. In 1956, he gave up the opportunity to study new nuclear magnetic resonance technology in Moscow of the Soviet Union and went to Xinjiang for investigation. From March 5 to 30, 1964, I visited the periphery of Lop Nor for the first time. During the cultural revolution, he was interrogated and criticized for many times. From November 15 to December 20, 1979, he visited Lop Nor for the second time. In 1979, he was elected member of the Party committee of the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice president of the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He went to Lop Nur for the third time in May 1980 and served as the leader of the Chinese scientific expedition in Lop Nur. Unfortunately, he disappeared during the scientific expedition in Lop Nur on June 17, 1980. On October 13, 1981, the Party committee and the people's Government of the Xinjiang autonomous region made the decision on learning from Comrade Peng Jiamu, a revolutionary martyr. In 1982, he was recognized as a revolutionary martyr by the Shanghai Municipal People's government.
Peng Jiamu has been engaged in biochemical research for a long time. From 1964 to 1980, Peng Jiamu made 15 scientific expeditions in Xinjiang and 3 expeditions in Lop Nur, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. He devoted himself to the frontier scientific research and did a lot of work for the development of plant virus research in China.
Life of the characters
Peng Jiamu was born in Panyu County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province on May 19, 1925. As a child, he studied in chaxi primary school. Later, he went to the primary school attached to Foshan private Huaying middle school with his business father.
In October 1938, Foshan City was occupied by the Japanese army. He moved with the school to Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong to continue his study.
On December 25, 1941, Hong Kong was occupied, and Huaying middle school became an important place for the Japanese army. Peng Jiamu fled to Shaoguan, the rear area of Guangdong Province, with the refugees, and went to Zhongyuan middle school to continue his studies.
In 1943, after graduating from Zhongyuan middle school, he was admitted to the Department of agricultural chemistry, College of agriculture, National Central University, which moved from Nanjing to Chongqing.
In 1947, after graduating from the Agricultural College of Nanjing National Central University, he was assigned to the soil Department of the Agricultural College of Peking University as a teaching assistant, specializing in Agricultural Chemistry and devoting himself to scientific research.
In 1948, Peng Jiamu resolutely resigned his teaching assistant position and applied for the technical examination of Academia Sinica to engage in biochemical research.
In 1949, after the founding of new China, he worked in Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and successively served as assistant researcher, associate researcher and researcher.
In July 1950, he joined the New Democratic Youth League of China in Shanghai Institute of biochemistry.
In 1953, Peng Jiamu joined the Communist Party of China and became the first researcher in the Shanghai Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences to join the party.
In 1956, the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized a comprehensive scientific investigation committee to investigate resources in the border areas. He actively gave up the opportunity to study new nuclear magnetic resonance technology in Moscow, the Soviet Union, and actively asked the organization to go to Xinjiang for investigation.
In 1957, he suffered from malignant tumor of thoracic mediastinum and returned to Shanghai for treatment.
In March 1958, he returned to Xinjiang after recovering from a serious illness. He visited more than ten provinces and regions, including Yunnan, Fujian, Gansu, Shaanxi, Guangdong and Xinjiang. He visited Xinjiang 15 times and helped rebuild the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Later, he became Vice President of the Academy.
In 1963, he participated in Shanghai Science and technology work conference.
From March 5 to 30, 1964, Peng Jiamu visited the periphery of Lop Nur for the first time, collected water and mineral samples, and made a preliminary study on the potassium content of the three rivers flowing into Lop Nur, and determined that Lop Nur is a treasure land. In December of the same year, he was elected a deputy to the National People's Congress and attended the third National People's Congress.
During the cultural revolution, he was charged with various kinds of crimes, interrogated and criticized countless times, and his family members were locked up in the "bullpen".
From November 15 to December 20, 1979, Peng Jiamu visited Lop Nur for the second time. With the approval of the State Council, Chinese and Japanese TV stations formed a "Silk Road" film crew to shoot on the spot in Lop Nur. Peng Jiamu was hired as a consultant to conduct in-depth and detailed scientific investigation in Lop Nur.
In December 1979, he was elected member of the Party committee of the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice president of the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In May 1980, Peng Jiamu went to Lop Nur for the third time and served as the leader of the scientific expedition to Lop Nur, China. He led a comprehensive expedition team into Lop Nur, Xinjiang, which revealed the mystery of Lop Nur for the first time in modern Chinese history.
On June 5, 1980, after a 28 day trek, the Chinese people formed their own team to cross the core area of Lop Nur for the first time, crossing the Lop Nur Lake Basin for the first time, with a total length of 450 km. A large number of mineral fossils and first-hand scientific investigation data have been collected, which makes forward-looking preparations for the comprehensive development of Lop Nor in China. Peng Jiamu proposed to return to Lop Nur again in more than 20 days to open up a new way to cross Lop Nur.
At 10 a.m. on June 17, 1980, the team camped near kumkuduk. At that time, there was little gasoline and water left. In order to solve the problem, Peng Jiamu went out alone to look for water and went to the depth of the desert. Unfortunately, he disappeared. After learning the news, the Party Central Committee and the State Council informed the leaders of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and made contact with Xinjiang. They sent more than a dozen planes, dozens of cars and thousands of people to search in a net four times. Facing the sandbags, shaliang and Shashan blown up by the black storm, no trace was found.
Main achievements
Achievements in scientific research
Peng Jiamu visited more than 10 provinces and regions including Yunnan, Fujian, Gansu, Shaanxi, Guangdong and Xinjiang during his lifetime. From 1964 to 1980, he visited Xinjiang 15 times and helped rebuild the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He risked his life and entered Lop Nor three times to investigate natural resources and conditions.
In the 1960s, Peng Jiamu completed the installation of several large-scale precision instruments, including the determination of the resolution of high-resolution electron microscopy, which was still blank in China at that time. Peng Jiamu mastered the platinum iridium site method through exploration, and determined the resolution of the instrument. Later, together with other comrades, he investigated the pathogens of more than a dozen viruses. He first discovered a variety of plant rhabdoviruses in China, established more sensitive diagnostic techniques, and handed over relevant techniques and experience to relevant research units without reservation. He has done a lot of research work for the diagnosis, prediction and comprehensive treatment of plant viruses.
Peng Jiamu was the first to establish the technology of electron microscope observation and interfacial electrophoresis for biochemical research in China, and made breakthrough achievements in pathogen identification and virus isolation and purification. He came to Xinjiang twice in 1977 and 1978 to guide Xinjiang Institute of chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences to carry out plant virus research, and initially solved the problem of isolation and purification of Hami melon virus plasmid, which was found to exist in Northern Xinjiang The discovery of wheat like virus plasmids with short rod, linear and slug shapes has played an important role in promoting the research and control of plant virus diseases in Xinjiang. He is enthusiastic about scientific investigation and resource utilization research, and has helped to build scientific research bases in Xinjiang branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences and other border areas for many years. In 1980, he led the Lop Nur investigation team of Xinjiang branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Through the salt crust zone, from north to south through the dry lake basin, the mysterious gate of Lop Nor was opened for the first time.
Peng Jiamu published "Xinjiang wheat mosaic virus and Bush dwarf pathogen", "Hami melon mosaic virus research", "biological sand fixation test", "electron microscope observation of Xinjiang equine encephalitis disease", "electron microscope observation of mulberry atrophic type and mosaic type atrophic pathogen", "electron microscope observation of protomyosin and paramyoglobin crystal", "Southwest outer edge of Lop Nur, Xinjiang" And so on.
In 1979, Xinjiang wheat mosaic virus, Bush dwarf pathogen and Hami melon mosaic virus research won the Xinjiang Autonomous Region Science and technology achievement award.
personnel training
Peng Jiamu founded the Xinjiang branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, encouraged many physiologists, chemists and biologists to work in Xinjiang, and trained many young scientists.
Honorary recognition
Social position
Peng Jiamu is also a member of the Party committee of Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of the Party committee of Xinjiang branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, a deputy to the third National People's Congress, a member of the Chinese society of Physiological Sciences, and a member of the Shanghai plant protection society.
Personal life
Peng Jiamu married his wife Xia Shufang and had a son and a daughter: Peng Hai and Peng Li.
Character evaluation
Although Peng Jiamu's body was annihilated by the desert, his fire of life is still burning. His valuable dedication will inspire the vast number of Chinese intellectuals and people to forge ahead bravely on the journey of the construction of the four modernizations. (editorial review of Guangming Daily in 1981)
Peng Jiamu has become the pronoun of devoting himself to science and nature in the eyes of the people, especially his courage and practical spirit of exploring science represents the spirit of exploring nature that we have lacked for thousands of years. (comments by Liu Shangyang, former member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Jiangxi Provincial Committee and Minister of publicity)
Commemoration of later generations
On October 13, 1981,
Chinese PinYin : Peng Jia Mu
Pengjiamu
