Peng An
Peng An
Peng An, inorganic chemistry and environmental chemist. Many achievements have been made in the separation and analysis of complex inorganic compounds and environmental chemistry. Achievements have been made in nuclear fuel reprocessing process, rare earth extraction and separation, chemical law of mercury pollution in water, etc. Especially in the study of the etiology of endemic Kashin Beck disease, it was found that selenium could inhibit the toxicity of humic acid and mycotoxin in drinking water and its free radical mechanism, revealed the mechanism of selenium in Kashin Beck disease, put forward a new etiology, and discussed the morphology and bioavailability of selenium in the environment, the free radical scavenging mechanism of selenium compounds in enzyme and non enzyme system, and the mechanism of selenium Selenium humic acid has contributed to the dose effect relationship in plants. Achievements have also been made in rare earth environmental chemistry.
curriculum vitae
Born on June 11, 1930 in Anqing City, Anhui Province.
He studied in the Department of chemistry of Fudan University from 1950 to 1953 and got a bachelor's degree.
From 1958 to 1962, he studied in the Department of chemistry, Moscow University of the Soviet Union and obtained an associate doctorate.
1953-1956, research intern, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1962-1978, assistant researcher, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1978-1986, associate researcher, Institute of environmental chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Since 1987, he has been a research fellow of the center for ecological environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1989 doctoral supervisor.
From 1993 to 1996, he was the director of the academic committee of the ecological environment research center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1995-1998 member of the environmental group of the Achievement Award Committee of the State Science and Technology Commission.
Since 1996, deputy editor in chief of environmental science.
Since 1996, visiting professor of environmental technology and new energy research center of Shanghai Jiaotong University.
Since 2000, he has been a visiting professor in the school of resources and environment, China Agricultural University.
Life
brief introduction
Peng An was born on June 11, 1930 in Anqing, Anhui Province. She graduated from the Department of chemistry of Fudan University in 1953 and began her research career. She took part in the whole analysis of tungsten ore. Under the guidance of the old scientist, she worked hard and accomplished the task excellently. She was rated as a young socialist construction activist of the city, province and the whole country in 1955. Later, he was admitted to China and studied in the Soviet Union, and returned to China in 1962. From 1963 to 1971, he undertook the research project of nuclear fuel reprocessing process. In the research of carrier method and Purex Process, his main contribution is to break through the technical difficulty of high reduction efficiency of reducing plutonium (VI) with uranium nitrate (IV) as reducing agent instead of ferrous sulfamate, and the extraction separation of plutonium and uranium (VI) after reduction. Responsible for the completion of the small test, hot chamber test and extended cold test, confirmed its feasibility. This achievement was applied in a nuclear fuel plant and won the National Science Conference award in 1978 together with other topics.
achievement
From 1972 to 1978, Peng An was engaged in the research of rare earth extraction and separation. Her main contribution is that it is found for the first time from experimental and theoretical studies that the extraction order of Yttrium with naphthenic acid is not between light and heavy rare earths, but ahead of lanthanum. High purity yttrium oxide was successfully separated from Longnan rare earth ore by intermediate, small and medium-sized tests. The process was adopted by many factories, and the results were incorporated into the "separation and analysis of rare earth" and won the National Science Conference award in 1978.
Since 1978, Peng An's research work began to turn to the field of environmental chemistry. From 1979 to 1983, she was engaged in the research on the chemical law of mercury pollution in water. As the project leader of "the chemical law of mercury pollution in Jiyun canal and its prevention and control", she established a series of environmental chemistry research methods combining chemistry, biology and geoscience, and systematically studied the water environmental chemical behavior of mercury.
Research contribution
The specific contents include: the complexation and hydrolysis of mercury and methyl mercury in water, the speciation analysis in river water and sediment. It is found that the complex form of mercury cyanide in the river is the dominant form of mercury in water, and the humic acid bound form of mercury is the dominant form in sediment. Therefore, the mechanism of extraction, purification and characterization of humic acid in sediment and the complexation and adsorption of mercury and methyl mercury are established The biological effects of humic complex mercury on aquatic organisms were studied, and its toxicity was reduced. She summed up the governance plan based on the work of the research laboratory. At that time, environmental science in China was just in its infancy. For the first time, this work systematically and deeply studied the mercury pollution law and Countermeasures of a river by combining theory with practice. As "mercury and pesticide pollution law of Jiyun canal", this project won the first prize of science and technology progress of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1983 (ranking first).
Scientific achievements
Research
In 1983, Peng An began to study the environmental bio inorganic chemistry of selenium and humic acid chemistry in the environment. He has successively been responsible for the key projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences "the environmental chemical behavior of selenium and its role in Kashin Beck disease", "the Seventh Five year national science and technology research project" the role of microbial toxins and other organic substances in Kashin Beck disease "," the eighth five year National Science and technology research project "the role of organic substances in drinking water in Kashin Beck disease", China and Germany (NSFC and German Natural Science Society) The cooperative project "molecular biological mechanism of different selenium compounds on chondrocytes and cartilage protection" is carried out around the environmental etiology of Kashin Beck disease, an endemic disease in China. There are three causes of Kashin Beck disease: 1) low selenium in the environment; 2) high content of humic acid in drinking water; 3) fungal contamination of grain. Different students have different views on the cause of the disease, which has been in dispute for a long time. Peng An, in charge of the above research, gave full play to the expertise of chemists, and learned about biochemistry, pathology, epidemiology and other knowledge. For the first time, he found that selenium could inhibit the toxicity of humic acid (FA) and mycotoxin (FM) in drinking water.
conclusion
On the basis of a large number of macroscopic investigation and microscopic research, a new etiology theory was put forward, that is, organic matter FA in water and mycotoxin in grain are the pathogenic factors of Kashin Beck disease, and its pathogenic mechanism is the loss and abnormality of cells and matrix caused by oxygen free radicals produced by their active oxygen-containing groups under aerobic conditions. Low selenium environment is the main biogeochemical condition of Kashin Beck disease . In this work, Peng An made full use of his chemical advantages, combined with the knowledge of biology and pathology, organized five different departments to tackle key problems, and scientifically found out the internal relationship among the three etiology theories.
Academic contribution
His personal academic contributions include: through chondrocytes (target cells of Kashin Beck disease) and animal experiments, it was found that FA and FM increased the LPO and decreased the GPX activity of the system, while selenium decreased the LPO and increased the GPX activity of the system. The ESR spectra of organic matter in drinking water and mycotoxins in grains were studied. It was found that the ESR spectra of free radicals in grains showed the same change rule as that of humic acid in the process of oxidation, reduction, heating and changing pH value. The free radicals of metabolites were concentrated in molecules with acid groups. In both enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, superoxide anion formation was promoted. In animal experiments, it was found for the first time that FA not only accumulated in bone, but also produced ESR signal. The signal intensity was related to the dose of FA. It was confirmed by 3H and 75Se labeling that FA could be accumulated in cartilage and bone, while se was the least accumulated in this area. It answers the problem why the free radical damage of Kashin Beck disease occurs in cartilage and bone. The protective mechanism of selenium in Kashin Beck disease was confirmed by inhibiting or eliminating the oxygen free radical reaction, especially lipid peroxidation reaction produced or triggered by pathogenic factors. Through cooperation with Germany, the molecular mechanism of type II collagen damage caused by FA was proposed at the molecular level, that is, FA can prevent the transformation of type II collagen precursor.
Honorary achievements
The above work won the second prize of science and technology progress award of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1988 and 1991, and Peng An was the first person in charge. In 1992, he was invited by the World Health Organization (who) expert group on rheumatology to lecture at Kaschin Beck disease workshop. In 1993, he was invited to attend the WHO expert seminar on rheumatoid arthritis held in Sweden as the only chemist. Professor L. Sokoloff, who chief expert on rheumatoid arthritis, believes that Peng An has made great contributions to Kashin Beck disease, and recommends that American scientists cooperate with Zhang an.
At the same time, Peng An presided over the National Natural Science Key fund "separation, synthesis and biological effects of bioactive selenium compounds" and the major fund project "changes and biological effects of typical chemical pollutants in the environment" in the special topic "speciation, transformation and ecological significance of selenium in typical environment". There are 11 provinces in China with low selenium areas and many kinds of diseases. Peng An put forward the macroscopic research on the transformation of selenium in the environment and its connection with the biogeochemical cycle, and then systematically studied the changes of selenium containing biomacromolecules in plants and people in low selenium areas from the microscopic perspective. She applied a variety of chemical and biochemical methods to study the biological functions of different forms of selenium compounds. Because of the close relationship with the environment, especially the environmental impact of different selenium levels in China, she made a very useful exploration on the environmental chemical behavior and ecological significance of selenium in China's low selenium environment, and invited American scholars to jointly write the Book Environmental bio inorganic chemistry of selenium.
In the study of humic acid chemistry in the environment, Peng an established the method of separation and purification of humic acid from environmental samples earlier in China, and closely combined with its environmental characteristics
Chinese PinYin : Peng An
Peng An
