Xiong Chengji

Xiong Chengji

Xiong Chengji (1887-1910) was a democratic revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty. Weigen is a native of Ganquan, Jiangsu Province. After graduating from Jiangnan Artillery Academy, he joined the restoration society and the alliance society successively. He was arrested and killed for murdering Zai Xun in Harbin.

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In 1902, he entered the military training academy in Anhui and later entered the artillery School of Nanyang. After graduation, he was assigned to the ninth town of the new army as the artillery platoon leader, and later transferred to the new Anhui army to become a mixed horse camp and artillery officer. He once participated in Anhui Yuewang Association and Jiangsu Zhejiang Recovery Association and other revolutionary groups. In 1907, after the failure of Xu Xilin's anqing uprising, the Yue Wang Hui decided to launch another uprising, and he was pushed to be the commander in chief of the uprising. In the winter of 1908, the Qing government ordered the Nanyang new army and Hubei new army to gather in Taihu Lake, Anhui Province to hold autumn exercises. Shi also met with the death of Guangxu and Cixi, that is, he took the opportunity to launch the uprising of Anhui new army, and fled to Tokyo after the failure. He returned to China in 1910 and went to the northeast for revolutionary activities. In January 1910, Xiong Chengji planned to blow up the Qing court to investigate the Navy minister Zai Xun and SA Zhenbing. He was arrested on January 30 for his information about Zang Guansan's greed for profits. In prison, bear confessed to himself: "if I die early today, our tree of freedom will get blood early; if I get blood early, it will flourish early, and flowers will bloom early." On February 27, 1910, Xiong Chengji, who had organized the Anqing uprising, said before his execution, "this life is over. I'm dying. I wish China's prosperity and strength will advance day by day, and the common people will die. "

Flag bearer of the uprising

Xiong Chengji was born in 1887 in a small official family in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. He lived in Anhui with his father since he was a child.
Xiong Chengji studied private school and medicine in his childhood. When he was young, he loved military affairs, often rode horses, fenced and read military records. He revered Yue Fei and Shi Kefa, the national heroes in history. He once said to people, "it's shameful that a man can't contribute to his country. Today, the country is weak and bullied by foreign powers. Only by joining the army and learning martial arts can we become a powerful country. " So he applied to Anhui Anqing military training school to study military, determined to serve the motherland.
Soon after, the military training school was closed. Xiong Chengji left Anqing and enlisted in Jiangsu. At the end of 1905, Xiong Chengji attended the restoration meeting. In 1906, Xiong Chengji graduated from the artillery rapid learning school; in the spring of the same year, he joined the alliance through Zhao Sheng's introduction. In 1907, Xiong Chengji was transferred back to Anqing as the officer of the 31st mixed army's Xiema battalion. He continued to carry out revolutionary propaganda activities in secret in the new army, develop organizations, unite revolutionary forces, and run for contacts in preparation for the uprising. In July of the same year, Xu Xilin's uprising failed in Anqing. Xiong Chengji, fan Chuanjia and others were extremely indignant at Xu Xilin's tragic death and decided to launch another uprising in Anqing. At that time, Ni YINGDIAN, Xiong Chengji and fan Chuanjia were the main leaders of Anqing Branch of Yuewang society. They felt that if they wanted to succeed in the revolution, they had to use force, so they decided to take the new army as the main target. They organized activities, actively publicized revolutionary ideas in the new army and developed their members. The rapid development of revolutionary forces laid the foundation for the Anqing new army uprising.
On November 19, 1908, Xiong Chengji asked Xue Zhe, fan Chuanjia, Tian Jiyang, Zhang Jinfu and others to hold a secret military meeting at the Yang's test hall in Anqing. He thought that the time was urgent and that it was necessary to make a detailed plan to prepare for the uprising. The plan is to take artillery camp and horse camp as the main force of the uprising, first uprising outside the city; Xue zhe leads the second infantry battalion and fan Chuanjia's engineering team to meet in the city; after the capture of Anqing, it will be used as the base of the uprising, and then rush to Taihu Lake overnight to arrest Minister Yin Chang and duanfang, who reviewed the autumn exercises, and call on the new army to participate in the uprising. At the meeting, Xiong Chengji was promoted as commander in chief of Anqing revolutionary army, responsible for the command of the whole army. Xiong Chengji announced at the meeting that he had already drawn up 13 operational secret orders, and decided to revolt that night.
We work separately according to the plan. That night, Xu Zhaobo, the officer of the left artillery battalion, went to the city to report. After Zhu Jiabao got the secret report, he ordered the city gates to be closed, and mobilized the army to strengthen the city defense and tight control.
At 9 p.m. that night, Xiong Chengji announced his uprising in the artillery camp. The soldiers enthusiastically participated in the uprising. Chen Changyong, who was in charge of the artillery camp, came to stop the uprising and was killed by Zhang Hongyao, who was in charge of the artillery camp, and Huang Jie, a soldier. The rebels immediately set fire to the artillery battalions, sent contact signals to the battalions, and marched to the north gate. The horse camp, which has already been ready, has also raised fire as a signal to move simultaneously. Tian Jiyang and Zhou Zhengfeng, members of the Maying revolutionary party, advised the artillery battalion management to take Li Yuchun to the uprising. After being refused, Li Yuchun turned over the window and fled. Tian Jiyang and others set fire to Ma Ying and drove to the north gate. After Xiong Chengji led the artillery camp uprising army to meet with the horse camp, he first went to the Army primary school to get guns, and then went straight to the linghuzui ammunition depot about 5 miles from the north gate to get bullets and shells. Then, gunpowder was used to blow open the front and rear gates of the 3rd Battalion of 62 bid, killing platoon leader Zhou Tianchang and others who prevented the uprising. The front, left and right teams of the Third Battalion and the logistics teams stationed outside the city all responded to the uprising. At the same time, the walls of 61 barracks were destroyed. Jiang Yuquan knelt down beside the road to welcome the uprising army. Most of the three battalions responded to the uprising. The uprising army surged to the north gate and East Gate of Anqing city.
Xiong Chengji led all the rebel forces to approach the city wall, that is, to attack the city. The artillery stationed in the Highlands near Yingjiang temple and the original positions of the artillery battalion, fired artillery to bombard the governor Yamen and the training office, infantry to attack the northeast corner of the city, cavalry and logistics to attack the northwest corner, ready to enter Anqing City in the dark.
Xue Zhe, who agreed to serve as the reception in the city, was slow. When he heard the intensive gunfire outside the city, he sent two teams and a platoon to the north gate and the east gate respectively, ready to open the gate to meet each other. When he saw that Zhu Jiabao had sent heavy troops to guard the gate, he knew that he was outnumbered and stopped the operation. As a result, the rebel army was divided into a passive situation in which the inside and outside of the city could not care for each other.
Fan Chuanjia, who was stationed in the Guandi Temple engineering team in the city, was closely monitored by the officers of the team and was unable to take over. Fan Chuanjia, quick witted, set fire in the temple in order to rush out. They found that they were imprisoned in the camp for many times. Zhang Jinfu, a member of the revolutionary party in the lecture hall, heard the sound of gunfire outside the city and was ready to lead the crowd out to meet the rebel army. Due to the lack of weapons and ammunition, and under the close surveillance of reactionary officers, he was unable to take action. In this way, the plan that the king of Yue would attack outside the city and open the door inside the city failed.
Outside the city, the rebel army fought until midnight. Xiong Chengji led his team to Sifang city in the northwest corner of the city, where the soil was very high and it was easy to climb. Xiong Chengji organized death squads to attack the city in turn, and the Qing army tried to resist. Xiong Chengji saw that many times of strong attacks could not succeed, so he twice made the rebel army pretend to patrol the camp and Taihu Lake police force, trying to infiltrate the city, but failed.
Because of the failure of the revolutionaries in the city, although the uprising army outside the city attacked the city bravely, it lost because of the lack of ammunition. Under the threat and inducement of Zhu Jiabao, the three warships "Jiangzhen", "Chucai" and "Baomin" moored on the Anqing River abandoned the former agreement, turned their guns and blasted at the uprising army. At this time, the reinforcements sent by Zhu Jiabao from Taihu Lake were approaching the outskirts of the city. Under the command of Yu Dahong, the Qing army in the city and the gunboats in the middle of the river attacked the rebels. The rebel army was attacked by the enemy, so Xiong Chengji had to command the troops to retreat to Jixian pass. After deliberation, it was decided to take Luzhou as the base first, and then contact the revolutionary forces in Fengyang, Yingzhou and other places to forge ahead in the Central Plains. The Qing government dispatched troops from Anhui and neighboring provinces to encircle and intercept the uprising army. After passing Shucheng, the rebel army divided into three routes and retreated to Luzhou, Shouzhou and Lu'an respectively. Xiong Chengji led a team to drive directly to Luzhou and defeated the pursuers led by Jiang Guiti many times along the way. However, because there was no assistance along the way, the team was lost from time to time. As soon as he reached Luzhou, there were only more than 300 people left, so he had to disband the rest of them. The other two routes were also scattered by the Qing army. The Anqing Horse Artillery camp uprising, which shocked the whole country, failed in this way. As many as 300 people have been implicated in the uprising in the whole province.
After the failure of Anqing uprising, Xiong Chengji, with the help of Chang Hengfang, a revolutionary party member, evaded anqing for a few days. He still remembered Anqing and returned to the place where he uprised in disguise. Xiong Chengji learned that most of his fellow soldiers who revolted with him at the same time had died, and the artillery battalion had also been disbanded. He left anqing with regret and pain and went to his aunt's home in Wuhu. Later, because the wind was very tight, his aunt helped him disguise as a monk, fled north, trekked all the way from Yantai, Shandong Province to Dalian, and arrived in Tokyo, Japan in early 1909, where the Chinese Alliance club was located. He was disguised as long Qian and named Wang Yun. From then on, he became a revolutionary in exile.
In the spring of 1909, Xiong Chengji accepted Huang Xing's assignment to return to China. In order to raise funds and prepare for the uprising, Xiong Chengji and sun yuan, a member of the alliance, ventured to the northeast provinces in September. Xiong Chengji through Zang Guansan's son, Tokyo Zhicheng school students Zang Keming relationship, live in Zang Guansan home. Zang Guansan was a profiteer. He told Jilin governor Chen Zhaochang that Xiong Chengji was arrested in Harbin in January 1910. Liao Zhongkai, a member of the alliance, and other members of the alliance, such as Shang Zhen, who are active in the three eastern provinces, failed to rescue Xiong Chengji.
Xiong Chengji denounced the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty in prison, and dictated his personal revolutionary interests and experiences. In prison, he wrote thousands of "Confessions" and his revolutionary purpose was "to overthrow the government and reform politics, not all in the view of Manchu and Han ethnic groups.". He thought that the revolution was bound to bleed, and warned the Qing Government: "we must not kill our party as much as we can, and the more we die, the more we die." Chen Zhaochang asked him to write on the book of surrender, and Xiong Chengji wrote down the "revolution" in the end

Chinese PinYin : Xiong Cheng Ji