Xu Baohuang

Xu Baohuang

Xu Baohuang is a native of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. He is a famous news educator. He was the first university professor to offer journalism courses in China. He advocated that newspapers should have an independent social status and put forward suggestions and requirements on behalf of the people. At the same time, he thinks that the public opinion of the newspaper is based on the news, and the news is based on the correct facts. Therefore, whether the facts in the news are correct or not determines whether the public opinion is sound or not. The newspaper has an important responsibility and role in promoting morality and opening up people's wisdom. Xu Baohuang has made a great contribution to journalism education in China. He is known as "the first master of journalism education" and "the first founder of journalism".

Profile

Xu Baohuang (May 24, 1894 - June 1, 1930) is a Chinese journalist and educator. The word Boxuan, Jiangxi Jiujiang people. He graduated from Peking University in 1912 and studied economics and Journalism at the University of Michigan. After returning to China in 1916, he first served as Beijing Morning Post and succeeded as a professor and Secretary of the president's office of Peking University. In 1918, he initiated the establishment of Peking University journalism research association with Cai Yuanpei. He was promoted as vice president, journalism tutor and director of Newsweek. He took charge of daily affairs on behalf of Cai Yuanpei and taught members the basic knowledge of journalism regularly. Since 1920, he has taught journalism and economics in four universities, including Peking University, Chaoyang University, China University and civilian University. On June 1, 1930, he died of wind cold and phlegm syndrome at the age of 36. His posthumous works include journalism. Journalism, revised four times, was published in December 1919 by Journalism Research Association of Peking University. The book consists of 14 chapters and about 60000 words. This paper mainly discusses the definition of journalism, the nature and task of newspaper work, as well as the management, interview, comment and distribution of newspapers. Shao Piaoping, a famous journalist, commented in the Beijing News at that time: "without this book, people don't know how to learn news, and they have to learn news." lead

Character experience

Xu Baohuang was the first university professor to offer journalism courses in China. He advocated that newspapers should have independent social status and put forward suggestions and requirements on behalf of the people. The paper holds that the public opinion of the newspaper is based on the news, and the news is based on the correct facts. Therefore, whether the facts in the news are correct or not determines whether the public opinion is sound or not. The newspaper has an important responsibility and role in promoting morality and opening up people's wisdom. Xu Baohuang has made a great contribution to journalism education in China, known as "the first master of journalism education" and "the first founder of journalism". His book "journalism" (once named "general idea of journalism" when it was published, and later renamed "outline of journalism") was published in November 1919, which is the earliest monograph on journalism in China. Other works include journalism, insurance, and on money. The main papers are: preface to practical applied journalism by Shao Piaoping, the nature and value of journalism, the future of journalism, etc. Xu Baohuang received systematic journalism education in Missouri University. Based on the investigation and research of the Western newspaper industry, he transformed the idea of Western liberal press into the journalism thought adapting to the development process of China at that time and applied it in journalism education. Xu Baohuang insisted that a journalist must first be a qualified liberalist. In his view, only when the journalists have the professional character of publicity and independence required by liberalism, can they ensure the newspaper to have publicity and independence. Only when newspapers have independence can they truly convey public opinion, thus forming a strong public opinion, supervising the government and resisting repression. In order to cultivate journalists needed by the society and the people, Xu Baohuang believes that journalism education must be independent of politics. Any involvement from the government or political factions will bring disastrous consequences to the cultivation of journalists.

Character contribution

Xu Baohuang is a famous journalist and news educator in China. He enjoys a high reputation in the history of Journalism and journalism in China. He is known as "the founder of journalism". He was the first to teach journalism courses in universities, the first to participate in the establishment of journalism research groups, and the first to publish news monographs. His journalistic thought includes all the contents of journalistic theory, journalistic practice and journalistic management. It has great enlightenment significance and great influence not only at that time but also today. Xu Baohuang is the first scholar who systematically introduced western journalism thoughts to China. His study experience in the United States made him form a complete theoretical system of western journalism, which is clearly reflected in journalism. For example, Xu Baohuang advocated that newspapers should have an independent social status and put forward suggestions and requirements on behalf of the people. The core of western journalism thought is "press freedom", which advocates the independence of newspapers. For another example, in the article "the nature and value of newsprint", when it comes to commenting on current affairs of newsprint, the first position is: "providing equal opportunities for all parties to publish.". The news is the speech organ of the people and all the information coming from outside the society. However, it should be kept in mind and be reasonable. We should not ask what party it belongs to or against the main idea of this newspaper, but publish it for the discussion of the world and give parallel treatment to all parties. " This reflects the values of freedom of speech. On the other hand, "freedom of the press" advocated by Xu Baohuang is freedom based on objective facts, that is, the authenticity of facts and the objectivity of reporting facts.

In journalism, Xu Baohuang said that the public opinion of the newspaper is based on the news, and the news is based on the correct facts. Therefore, the correctness of the facts in the news determines the soundness of the public opinion. Therefore, if the newspaper deviates from the basic principles of authenticity and objectivity, the newspaper will lose its value as a social public tool. Xu Baohuang also has a deep understanding of the professional quality of journalists. He said: "the news collected and compiled by ordinary interviewers is not one-sided and pure, but various and complicated. Therefore, they do not have knowledge of all aspects. They are expert in everything. They can neither observe thoroughly nor record clearly. Therefore, their knowledge is not necessary to be deep, but it can not be broad." The idea of "freedom of the press" in the West also gives rise to the requirement of self-discipline for journalists, that is, today's so-called journalistic professionalism and journalistic morality. Journalists regulate their news practice through news ethics and news professionalism, so as to ensure that newspapers can play their positive social benefits. The "golden rules for interviewers" listed in journalism is actually a kind of creed of professional journalists. Xu Baohuang listed 16 basic principles that journalists should follow. Even today, these principles are insightful. Xu Baohuang himself said in the preface of Journalism: "there are many Western books in this book, but there are no perfect books in the Western books, either for historical records or for research on one side. Even those who can read it and see the whole leopard have not yet seen it Many of the words of self-confidence have not been mentioned by western scholars. " Although this self-evaluation is not modest, it is consistent with the facts. However, as a pioneering work of Journalism Education in China, although Xu Baohuang's journalism does not simply copy and transplant the western journalism theory, the journalism thought reflected in this book is still rooted in the western journalism thought system. At least, in Xu Baohuang's view, as a journalist and professional, he should be different from Kang Youwei's "mouthpiece" of enlightenment in Liang Qichao's eyes, but the "ears and eyes" of society.

Character influence

On October 14, 1918, the Journalism Research Association of Peking University was founded, which marked the beginning of China's research on journalism as a discipline. The purpose of the association is to "study journalism, increase journalism experience, and strive for the development of journalism". Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University, is concurrently president of the association. Xu Baohuang, Professor of liberal arts of Peking University, is vice president. Xu Baohuang and Shao Piaoping, President of Beijing Daily, are full-time tutors. In December 1919, the Publishing Department of Peking University published Xu Baohuang's journalism in the name of Journalism Research Association. This is the first theoretical work of journalism in China. The Journalism Research Association of Peking University is the starting point of China's journalism education and research. Cai Yuanpei, Xu Baohuang, Shao Piaoping and others can be regarded as pioneers in China's journalism education, advocating journalism research and establishing educational policies. Another important figure in the society is Xu Baohuang, who is known as "the first founder of journalism". He graduated from Peking University in 1912, then studied journalism at the University of Michigan in the United States. He returned to China in 1916 and worked for the Beijing Morning Post. At the age of 23, Xu Baohuang was employed as a professor and Secretary of the president's office of Peking University to teach journalism as an elective course. In 1918, he and Cai Yuanpei initiated the establishment of Peking University Journalism Research Association. He was promoted as vice president, journalism tutor and director of the journal Newsweek. On behalf of President Cai Yuanpei, he presided over the daily work of the association and taught its members the basic knowledge of journalism regularly.

According to the Journal of Peking University, within three months after the founding of the Journalism Research Association, Xu Baohuang delivered lectures to members on "the duty and due diligence of newsprint", "the brilliance of news", "the value of news" and "the collection of news" to systematically teach the theory and Practice of journalism. Since 1920, he has taught journalism, economics and other courses in the Republic of China University, Chaoyang University, China University, civilian University, and served as the director of Journalism Department of civilian University. His posthumous works include journalism, which was revised four times in December 1919

Chinese PinYin : Xu Bao Huang