Chen Qun

Chen Qun

Chen Qun (?)? (February 7, 237). Yingchuan County Xuchang County (now xuchangdong Henan) people. During the Three Kingdoms period, he was a famous politician and an important official of the Wei Dynasty. He was the main founder of the official selection system of the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties and the law of the Wei Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was the grandson of Chen Shi, the chief of Taiqiu, and the son of Chen Ji, the chief of dahonglu.

Chen Qun was born in the Chen family of Yingchuan, a famous family. In his early years, he was appointed as a driver in Yuzhou by Liu Bei. When Cao Cao came to power in Xuzhou, he was appointed to the rank of Sikong Xicao, and later became the military prime minister. When Cao Cao was appointed Duke of Wei, he was appointed Zhongcheng. Marquis of Changwu Pavilion. After the establishment of Cao Wei, he successively served as the commander of Shangshu, the general of Zhenjun, the central guard, and Lu Shangshu. After Cao Pi's death, Chen Qun was ordered to assist the government. Cao Rui ascended the throne, served as Sikong and Lushang, and was the Marquis of Yingyin. Qinglong four years in December (237 February) died of illness, posthumous title "Jing". In the fourth year of Zhengshi (243), he was entitled to the temple of Cao Cao.

Chen Qun had been an official of Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Rui for three generations. With his outstanding talent in governing the world, he devoted himself to the construction of the etiquette system and political system of the Cao Wei regime. Chen Qun has written five volumes of anthology, which has been lost. The rest can be found in all three languages.

Source of the picture in the overview: for example, it is taken from the genealogy of Chen family in Wujin, Jiangsu Province, which was revised in 1922

Life of the characters

highborn

Chen Qun was born in the Chen family of Yingchuan from the late Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. His grandfather Chen Shi, father Chen Ji and Uncle Chen Chen are well-known in the world.

When Chen Qun was still a child, Chen Shi often thought that this son was strange and said to his parents: "this child will surely prosper our family."

Chen and his father had always been friends with each other. Chen Qun once talked with Kong Rong about the advantages and disadvantages of the characters between Ru and Ying. Chen Qun said, "Xun Wenruo, Xun Gongda, Xun xiuruo, Xun youruo and Xun Zhongyu are unique today." It can be seen that the two people often talk about the characters, and they are very close to each other.

judge the hour and size up the situation

In the first year of Xingping (194), Liu Bei was the governor of Yuzhou, and Chen Qun was the other driver. At that time, mu taoqian died of illness in Xuzhou. Xuzhou welcomed Liu Bei to take over the leader. Liu Bei was about to go. Chen Qun said to Liu Bei, "Yuan Shu's strength is still very strong. If you go east to Xuzhou now, you will certainly have a fight with Yuan Shu. If Lv Bu took the opportunity to attack the rear of our army, even if the general got Xuzhou at that time, things would not come to a satisfactory end. " Liu Bei did not listen and insisted on entering Xuzhou to fight Yuan Shu. As a result, Lu Bu attacked PI and sent troops to help Yuan Shu. Liu Bei finally defeated Liu Bei's army. At this time, Liu Bei regretted that he didn't listen to Chen Qun's advice.

Later, Chen Qun was promoted to maocai. Except for being the magistrate of zhe County, Chen Qun did not take office and took refuge with his father Chen Ji in Xuzhou.

ability to appreciate a person 's character and capability

In the third year of Jian'an (198), Lu Bu was defeated by Cao Cao. Chen Qun and his son were also in Lu Bu's army, and Cao Cao was worshipped. When Cao Cao heard of his name for a long time, he enlisted Chen Qun as his subordinate. At that time, Cao Cao was introduced to Wang Mo from Le'an and Zhou Kui from xiapi. Chen Qun said no to Cao Cao, and thought that Wang Mo and Zhou Kui had bad morals and bad deeds, and Cao Cao would not listen to them. Cao Cao believed Chen Qun's words and admitted his mistake to Chen Qun. Chen Qun recommended Chen Jiao from Guangling and Dai Gan from Danyang to Cao Cao. Later, when the eastern Wu Dynasty was rebellious, Dai Gan died because of his loyalty and righteousness; Chen Jiao became a famous official, so the whole world recognized Chen Qun's wisdom. Since Liu Bei's rebellion, the southeast was changeable, so Cao Cao took Chen Qun as his order, he Kui as his father's order, and used famous people to pacify the counties, so as to stabilize the officials and the people. He was also the magistrate of Xiao (now Xiaoxian County, Anhui), Zan (now Yongcheng, Henan) and Changping (now Xihua, Henan).

In 199, Chen Ji died and Chen Qun resigned. Later, he served as a senior official, serving as a censor and a prime minister.

Making laws

In 213, after the establishment of the state of Wei, Chen Qun moved to Zhongcheng. At that time, Cao Cao was discussing whether to use corporal punishment again, so he ordered: "how can a gentleman who has reached the ancient and modern times and is able to change his mind help me decide this matter! In the past, Chen Honglu (referring to Chen Qun's father Chen Ji) thought that death penalty could be used for benevolence, which is exactly what he said. Can the censor Zhongcheng (referring to Chen Qun) state the theory of Qing Fu? "

Chen Qun said: "the father of his subordinates thought that the Han Dynasty abolished corporal punishment and increased whipping and cane beating. The original intention was out of benevolence and compassion. He wanted to reduce the punishment of prisoners, but he did not expect that more and more people died. It is the so-called nominal reduction but actually aggravation. Because the penalty is reduced in name, the common people are easy to ignore and commit crimes. In essence, the penalty is increased, and the common people are more vulnerable. "The book of history says," only by reverence and careful use of the five punishments can we develop three virtues. " The book of changes also records the criminal laws of cutting nose, foot and toe, which are used to assist the politics and religion and punish evil. Besides, it is also in line with the ancient system of killing people to pay for their lives; for criminals who hurt or destroy others' bodies, it is unreasonable to just shave their hair and tie their necks to serve. If we follow the ancient punishment and make the adulterer be punished by the palace, and then lock the prisoner in the silkworm room and make the thief be punished by the palace, then there will never be such bad things as adultery and theft. It is said that in ancient times, there were more than 3000 kinds of criminal acts applicable to the five punishments. Although not all of them can be recovered, such punishments as rapists going to silkworm rearing rooms and thieves cutting off their feet should be carried out first because raping and stealing are common disasters nowadays. According to the law of the Han Dynasty, the criminals who committed the most heinous crimes should be beheaded, which can not take into account the so-called benevolence and justice. However, for other criminals who are just enough to die and can be killed or not, they can be executed by corporal punishment. In this way, the punishment and the crime can be offset. Nowadays, corporal punishment is replaced by the criminal law of flogging and cane beating. It only pays attention to human body and despises human life Zhong Yao also agreed with Chen Qun's proposal, while Wang Lang and others thought that corporal punishment could not be resumed. Cao Cao agreed with Zhong and Chen's views deeply, but because of the continuous war and taking into account the public's comments, he put the matter aside for the time being.

Later, Chen Qun turned into a servant and led the prime minister, Dongxi Caoyu. Chen Qun's conduct in the court is not suitable for people. (it is said in the Analects of Confucius: "a gentleman is not suitable for the world, and there is no mo, and there is no comparison between righteousness and justice." It means that there is no distinction between the rich and the poor in human affairs). It is noble and elegant, and it will not violate morality to flatter people.

In the 24th year of Jian'an (219), when Wei satirized and rebelled, Liu Wei, the younger brother of Huang men's servant Liu He, was seduced by Wei satirized and now he is punished for his crimes. Chen Qun spoke to Cao Cao, who also said, "Liu Zhen is a famous minister, and I want to forgive him." So he just transferred to his official position. Liu Zhen was deeply impressed by Chen Qun's virtue, but Chen Qun thought: "to talk about how to measure a sentence is for the sake of the country, not for the sake of the individual. Moreover, the decision to pardon you was made by a wise master. How can I know?" Chen Qun is broad-minded and never arrogant. He always is.

In October of the same year, Sun Quan wrote to him as a minister, saying that it was the destiny of heaven. Cao Cao said in Sun Quan's book: "does this boy want to put me on the fire?" Chen Qun then played with the minister Huan: "since the Han Dynasty, Emperor an has come, the government has gone to the public office, and the country is absolutely unified. As for today's people, only the name, Chi Tu Yi Min, is not owned by the Han Dynasty. The time has come to an end, and it is not suitable for today. Therefore, between Huan and Ling, all the people in Ming Dynasty said that "when the Han Dynasty is exhausted, the Huang family should prosper.". His Royal Highness has nine characteristics in the world. He serves the Han people, and is famous for his resentment and sighing. Therefore, Sun Quan becomes a minister in the distance. The response of heaven and man is the same. I thought Yu and Xia were not modest, yin and Zhou were not stingy, they were afraid of heaven and knew their fate, and they had nothing to do with them

Nine products

In the first year of Yankang (220), after Cao Pi became king, he granted Chen Qun the title of Marquis of Changwu Pavilion and moved to Shangshu. During this period, Chen Qun established the system of nine grade officials, which became the historical name system.

In the same year, Cao Pi became emperor, and Chen Qun Qian was a minister, a servant, and a minister. In Huang junior high school, Cao Pi wanted to pursue the title of Empress Dowager Bian's parents. Chen Qun said: "Your Majesty has been appointed by virtue of his holiness. The reform of business should always be followed by later generations. According to the documents in the ancient books, there is no system in which a woman can be divided into two groups. In rites, women are noble because of their husbands. Ying Qin violated the ancient law, while Liu Han followed the ancient law. This is not the order of the former king. " When Cao Pi realized this, he said: "this argument is very true. Since it is so, don't put it into practice. It was used as an imperial edict to hide it in the Taige, making it the later style forever. "

In 222, after Liu Ba died, Chen Qunxin and Prime Minister Zhu Geliang asked Liu Ba about the news and called him "Liu Junzi Chu", which was highly respected.

In 223, Chen Qun and Sima Yi took Bao Xun, a Taishan native, as the official of the palace.

In the same year, Chen Qun, together with situ Huaxin, Sikong Wanglang, Taishi Ling Xuzhi, and Yizhe pushe Zhuge Zhang, respectively wrote to Zhu Geliang, the Prime Minister of Shu, and told him about the destiny and human affairs, hoping that Shu Han could be called a vassal of the whole country, but in vain.

Qingliu yawang

In the sixth year of Huangchu (225), Cao Pi personally enlisted Sun Quan and led the army to Guangling.

In 226, Cao Pi's division returned to Shouchun, and Chen Qun was the governor of Shuijun. After Cao Pi returned to Xuchang, he worshipped Chen Qun as the general of the town army, led the central guard, and recorded books. Bao Xun was angry with Cao Pi because he repeatedly admonished Cao Pi in order to administer the book and enforce the law. Later, he sheltered sun Yong, the grand prefect of Chenliu County, and was paid to Tingwei to discuss the death penalty. Chen Qun wrote a joint letter with Taiwei Zhongyao, situ Huaxin, Shizhong Xinpi, Shangshu Weizhen, shoutingwei Gaorou, and expressed that "Bao Xun's father Bao Xin had contributed to Taizu Cao Cao"

Chinese PinYin : Chen Qun