Ding Zhaozhong

Ding Zhaozhong

Samuel C. C. Ting, male, was born on January 27, 1936 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. his ancestral home is Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China. He is an experimental physicist.

He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics and mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1959, and his doctor's degree in physics from the University of Michigan in 1962. In 1965, he discovered anti deuteron. In 1967, he measured the electron radius and found that the electron has no volume and the radius is less than 10e-14cm. In 1969, he measured the transition between ordinary light and mass light (i.e. vector meson), proving that high energy ordinary light can be used In 1975, he was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; in 1974, he discovered the fourth quark bound state, J particle, and thus made contributions. In 1975, he was awarded the Lorentz prize by the US government and the Nobel Prize in physics in 1976; in 1977, he was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences; in 1979, he discovered the gluon jet; in 1989, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics In 1994, he led AMS to search for antimatter and dark matter in space, and was elected as a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the same year. In 1998, helium-4 and helium-3 were first found in space with different spatial distribution; in 2015, a large number of high-energy positrons were first found in space, which were probably generated by dark matter collisions.

Professor Ding Zhaozhong has been engaged in high energy physics experiments for a long time. He has made a series of important achievements in accurately testing the unified theory of quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics and electric weakness, and in searching for new particles and new physical phenomena.

Character experience

On January 27, 1936, Ding Zhaozhong was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. His father Ding Guanhai and mother Wang Junying both taught in University. Two months after his birth, Ding Zhaozhong returned home with his mother. Because China was in a period of war, Ding did not receive traditional education before he was 12 years old.

From 1943 to 1945, Ding Zhaozhong studied in Jialing Experimental Primary School (now Chongqing Ciqikou primary school) affiliated to Sichuan Institute of education.

In 1948, Ding Zhaozhong went to Taiwan with his parents to study at Fengyuan Datong primary school, then at Chenggong middle school in Taipei, and transferred to Jianguo middle school a year later.

In 1955, after graduating from high school, Ding Zhao was admitted to the Department of mechanical engineering of Taiwan Provincial Institute of technology in Tainan.

In September 1956, he went to the University of Michigan to study. After three years, he got a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics.

In 1962, he received a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Michigan.

In 1963, he received a scholarship from the Ford foundation to work at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.

In 1966, the radius of the electron was measured. The experimental results obtained by Ding Zhaozhong are consistent with the theory of QED.

In 1967, he was invited to be an associate professor of physics at MIT. He was a professor in 1969.

In 1970, he was deputy chief editor of bulletin of nuclear physics.

In the summer of 1972, Ding Zhaozhong's experimental group used the 3.3 × 1010ev proton accelerator of Brookhaven National Laboratory to search for long-lived hit particles with mass between (1.5 ~ 5.5) × 109ev.

In 1974, a long-lived hit particle with a mass about 3 times that of proton (3.1 × 109 EV) was discovered, and the new particle was named "J particle" according to the Latin letter "J" used to represent electromagnetic current in physics literature

In 1975, he was appointed Honorary Professor of University of science and technology of China, and was elected academician of American Academy of Arts and Sciences in the same year.

In 1976, the Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Burton Richter (1931 -) of Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California and Samuel C. C. ting (1936 -) of Massachusetts Institute of technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts for their pioneering work in discovering a new type of heavy elementary particles.

Since 1977, he has been a professor of Thomas Dudley Cabot. During his visit to China, he suggested to Comrade Deng Xiaoping that the Chinese Academy of Sciences send physicists to participate in his mark-j experiment in Hamburg, Germany.

In January 1978, 10 Chinese physicists went to Hamburg to participate in the international cooperation of mark-j experiment. Under his leadership and assistance, Chinese scientists have played an important role in the design, manufacture and data analysis of the L3 detector. In addition to working at MIT, they also work at the German electron synchrotron Center (in Hamburg).

In 1991, Ding Zhaozhong delivered a speech entitled "the spirit of learning from things" when he received the special honor award at the "feeling for China" conference held at the Great Hall of the people in Beijing. This speech was entered into the new curriculum standard textbook of junior high school Chinese, lesson 13, unit 4, Volume 8, Chinese edition, and lesson 14, unit 4, Volume 8, people's Education Edition.

On June 2, 1998, at 6:09 a.m. EDT, space shuttle Discovery (STS-91) was launched into the sky. The "alpha magnetic spectrometer" jointly developed by China, the United States and other countries was carried on board to carry out operational experiments. Alpha magnetic spectrometer experiment is a large-scale international cooperative scientific experiment project, which aims to find antimatter and dark matter in space. Led by Professor Ding Zhaozhong, the experiment included physicists and engineers from 37 research institutions in the United States, China, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Finland and other countries and regions. No less than 200 scientists and engineers participated in China alone.

In May 2011, the second alpha magnetic spectrometer (AMS-02), built under the leadership of Ding Zhaozhong, was launched with the space shuttle Endeavor (sts-134) and started its mission on the International Space Station - searching for antimatter and dark matter.

At 5:00 p.m. (Geneva time) on April 3, 2013, Ding Zhaozhong announced for the first time the first experimental result of his alpha magnetic spectrometer (AMS) project in 18 years - the 400000 positrons found may come from an unknown source, possibly pulsar or dark matter that people have been looking for.

In 2017, AMS has collected more than 100 billion cosmic ray events in space, and the results of AMS have changed people's understanding of the universe.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Professor Ding Zhaozhong has been engaged in high energy physics experiments for a long time. He has made a series of important achievements in accurately testing the unified theory of quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics and electric weakness, and in searching for new particles and new physical phenomena. Anti deuterium nuclei have been found. < / Li > < li > a series of experiments spanning 20 years have tested the correctness of quantum electrodynamics and confirmed that electrons, muons and taus are point particles with a diameter of less than 10-16 cm. The accurate measurement of the phase and branching ratio of lepton decay of vector particles provides important evidence for quark model.

4. To study the mechanism of vector mesons produced by photons and confirm the similarity between photons and vector mesons.

5. Study the bimetallic events in the ISR of CERN, and measure the scaling properties and generation mechanism of vector mesons.

6. Gluon jet was found.

7. Study the properties of gluons on the electron positron collider Petra.

8. Accurately measure the charge asymmetry of the muon and verify the standard model.

9. Study the properties of Z and W particles at LEP Collider, and accurately measure the types of neutrinos.

10. Search for dark matter and antimatter in the universe at the alpha magnetic spectrometer on the international space station.

personnel training

Since 1983, Ding Zhaozhong has organized and led an international cooperation group, group L3, to carry out high energy physics experiments on the LEP of the High Energy Electron Positron Collider built by the European nuclear center in 1989. He will search for new particles in the energy region of 1011ev in the center of mass system, especially the Higgs particle predicted by the electric weak theory (see the Higgs mechanism), and study Z0 and other new phenomena in particle physics . In group L3, nearly 600 physicists from 13 countries including China participated.

Ding Zhaozhong is enthusiastic in cultivating talents of high energy physics in China. He often returns to China to select young scientists to work in his team. He is also employed as honorary professor of University of science and technology of China and member of Academic Committee of Institute of high energy physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the L3 experiment at CERN, we used an accelerator with a circumference of 27 kilometers, where 100 billion electron volts positron collided with 100 billion negative electron. The heat it generates in an instant is 400 billion times the surface temperature of the sun, which is also the temperature of the first 100 billionths of a second when the universe was born. The magnet used in the experimental instrument is 10000 tons, and the detector includes 300 tons of uranium, all from the Soviet Union. This is the first large-scale international cooperation jointly participated by 600 scientists from 19 countries, including the United States, the Soviet Union, China and Europe. The Chinese government is very supportive of the L3 experiment and has provided great help, including a very advanced computer. At the same time, BGO crystal is also produced in Shanghai Silicate factory. About 300 articles have been published in L3 experiment, and about 300 people have obtained doctorates for this research project.

Honorary recognition

▪ Academician of the American Academy of Sciences

▪ Academician of American Academy of science and art

▪ Outside the Academy of Sciences of the former Soviet Union

Chinese PinYin : Ding Zhao Zhong