Guitaro

Guitaro

Guitaro (かつらたろう, from January 4, 1848 to October 10, 1913) was a modern Japanese statesman, militarist and Senior Minister of Meiji and Taisho dynasties. The 11th, 13th and 15th prime ministers (cabinet ministers) of Japan. He was born in Changzhou and was the first commander of the army. He was the leader's disciple of Youpeng in Laoshan county. After his retirement, he became the spokesman of Youpeng in Laoshan county. During his term of office, he concluded the alliance between Britain and Japan, carried out the Russo Japanese War, and planned to annex Korea.

He was the second longest serving prime minister in Japanese History (only after Shinzo Abe). He opposed party politics and advocated vassal rule, just like yoshihihiro Yamamoto, but later formed his own party. This period is called "Guiyuan period" because guitaro and Gongwang of Xiyuan Temple took turns on the stage to form a pavilion.

Profile of characters

Guitaro was born in Shankou county. He was a vassal of Changzhou and the son of a youweimen. In 1868, he took part in the battle of bird feather and the Wuchen war. In 1870, he went to Germany to study military and military system. After returning to China in 1873, he served as a captain of the army. Under the leadership of Youpeng in Shanxian, he was engaged in the reform of Japanese military modernization. Shanxian regarded him as his proud disciple and successor. He served as Prime Minister of Japan three times (1901-1906; 1908-1911; 1912-1913).

In 1875, he served as the Deputy military officer of the German Embassy. In 1878, he served as the spy manager of the general staff Bureau. On February 16, 1884, he went abroad with dashanyan army minister. On May 21, 1885, he was promoted to major general of the army and general director of the army province. In 1886, he became the first army undersecretary of the Japanese army. He was also the judge Minister of the Chinese army and the army minister. During the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, he served as the head of the third division. In 1896, he took over from wayama Jizi and became the second governor of Taiwan and governor of Tokyo defense. From 1898 to 1900, he served as Minister of the army and was promoted to General of the army in 1898. (in 1912, he was elected Marshal by the army leadership, and was rejected by him as an "active statesman").

The first cabinet was formed in 1901. On February 27, 1902, it was promoted to count, Minister of the interior and Minister of the Ministry of education. It played a leading role in the events of the Japanese British alliance, the Japanese Russian war and the merger of Japan and South Korea. On January 7, 1906, the first time the general manager of GUI Cabinet resigned and became a military Councilor. On April 1, he was honored with the chrysanthemum ribbon and Marquis on September 21, 1907.

On July 14, 1907, the second prime minister and Minister of Tibet. On April 21, 1911, when the Duke was promoted, the principal and interest of the foreign debt issued due to the Russo Japanese war had exceeded twice the annual budget, reaching 1 billion yen. Moreover, Japan did not receive war reparations, and had to borrow another foreign debt in order to repay the principal and interest. Therefore, the only way to expand the army is to increase taxes and reduce administrative and financial expenditures. As a result, the cabinet and the Tibetan province tried their best to restrain the army and Navy's budget demands for military expansion, so that the Navy and the army quarreled again for the limited budget resources, and guitaro had to resign in August 1911.

After the death of Meiji emperor, Shan county recommended him to the palace as the Minister of internal affairs. Emperor Dazheng, who suffered from brain disease and had no ability to govern, was completely at the mercy of GUI taro, so GUI was known as "the man hiding behind the Dragon sleeves". In December 1912, the military department abused its privileges and destroyed the Xiyuan Temple Gongwang cabinet, which was the political friends' Association. Guitaro formed a cabinet for the third time. The "unconstitutional action" of the warlord bureaucrats aroused the great indignation of the general public. Led by journalists, lawyers and bourgeois Democrats, he launched a campaign to protect the constitution of the party cabinet. Guitaro took out the emperor's imperial edict twice, but it didn't help. He was finally ousted in February 1913. He died on October 10 at the age of 65. A Daisy Necklace with a posthumous throne. He was awarded the third level gold medal. Guitaro was one of the nine elders in the Taisho Period of Japan. The British Japanese Alliance, Japan's victory in the Russo Japanese war in Northeast China and the complete annexation of North Korea all took place during his term as prime minister. Therefore, the period when guitaro was Prime Minister was the period when Japan rapidly expanded into a military power in Asia. It is no exaggeration to say that his contribution to the strength and expansion of the modern Japanese Empire is second only to the more than ten meritorious men of the Meiji Restoration. In a short period of more than ten years (1895-1911), Japan quickly became the overlord of Asia through the crazy war of aggression; guitaro also followed the blood and tears of the Chinese and Korean people and became a Duke from a civilian in 16 years. He was also the only one who was awarded the title of Duke except for the royal family members, the old public family and the down screen nobility.

Life of the characters

Army General

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan quickly embarked on the path of militarism, in which guitaro played an important role. During his study abroad, he studied the German military system for three years. In 1884, he went to Europe with Lu Junqing dashanyan to investigate the military systems of various countries. During his tenure in the headquarters of the general staff and the army, in order to adapt to the form of internal repression and external expansion, he assisted Youpeng in Shanxian County. Dashanyan took German militarism as an example and constantly reformed the military system. In 1878, he established the headquarters of the general staff directly under the Emperor, which was in charge of military orders such as military operations. The government had no right to intervene. This measure was set up on the basis of his suggestion, and most of the subsequent series of military system reform programs came from him. Greatly strengthened Japan's military machine.

In March 1886, he was promoted to the rank of second officer of the army for his meritorious service in the reform, and later served concurrently as the military secretary. By 1890, the Japanese army had seven divisions, with 52000 in active service and 256000 in reserve. He was not satisfied. In the first imperial Parliament of the same year, he went all out, lobbied extensively, and adopted a huge military budget by means of both hard and soft means. When the 17th Parliament was held in 1902, because the opposition party was unwilling to increase taxes for the expansion of the Navy, he became the prime minister. He took great political risks and ordered the dissolution of Parliament. Because of his tough attitude, he has been praised by militarists. De Fu Su Feng once said: "although the great honor of reconstructing the imperial army should be attributed to friends in mountain and county areas, since 1885, in 1890 and 1891, in order to reform the military system of the Imperial Army, reorganize the administrative organs, and improve the functions of the army, GUI Gong should be the first to make outstanding contributions."

Pioneer of invading China

In May 1874, Japan sent troops to Taiwan for the reason of attacking Taiwan. In this war, GUI Tailang acted as "spy manager" and was responsible for recruiting volunteers. When he received a telegram from his mother who was critically ill, he said that he could not abandon the official duties for his mother on the grounds of loyalty and filial piety. He missed the great cause of the country. Until his mother died, he did not go back to his hometown.

In order to spy on and grasp China's military and political situation, guitaro proposed to Youpeng of Changshan County, chief of staff, to send an investigation team to China in 1879. In the autumn of the same year, more than ten officers, including guitaro himself, went to North China to investigate in Beijing, Tianjin and other places, and drafted the operational policy against China. The summary of the results of this investigation is the "strategy for the preparation of neighboring troops", which demonstrates in detail China's armament situation and Japan's policy of aggression against China.

During the second ITO Bowen cabinet, Japan launched the Japanese Qing War (1894-1895) in order to fight for the domination of Korea. As the head of the third division, guitaro was the vanguard of the war. As soon as he received the mobilization order, he was happy to say, "the man is more happy than that. It's important to serve the country." The headquarters broke into China through the Yalu River. In several fierce battles, such as the battle of Haicheng and the battle of Niuzhuang in Liaodong Peninsula, they made great efforts to defeat the Huai army and the Xiang army. Therefore, during the war, the Meiji emperor ordered a notice of commendation. After the war, they were awarded the third class gold medal and became the viscount.

Become prime minister

The war brought about great changes in the political consciousness of the Japanese people, and also ushered in the period of establishing industrial capital in the economic aspect. Before that, the Japanese people complained about the government's policy of enriching the country and strengthening the army. However, because Japan won the Japanese Qing war, the Qing Dynasty was forced to cede Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, and received a large amount of war reparations, which made the people think that the government's policy so far is correct, and the war affirmation is rising. On the other hand, money supremacy is popular among young people, as described in the novel "golden night fork" written by the writer akizaki Hongye. At the same time, there are also many young people who are willing to eliminate social contradictions, such as Yoshio Abe, Shangjiang Muxia, and kotokushui.

After the Boxer Rebellion broke out in 1900, Russia took the opportunity to send troops to Manchuria, which aroused Japan's dissatisfaction. Originally, the Boxer Rebellion was against the west, which had nothing to do with Japan. However, in order to get a share, Japan's Yamaguchi Youpeng cabinet not only sent troops to Beijing, but also sent 12000 troops, which became the absolute main force of the eight power alliance. In this war, as Minister of the army, guitaro was responsible for coordinating the government and the army.

In August 1900, Tailang guitaro, the land minister, and taro eryuyuantaro, the governor of Taiwan, were instructed by Shanxian County to send troops to Xiamen opposite Taiwan in an attempt to bring Fujian into Japan's sphere of influence. On the 24th of August, the governor of the Marine Corps stationed in Xiamen and set fire to the temple. Because of British opposition, the plan was forced to terminate. Yama Prefecture Cabinet resigned in October. After that, ITO Bowen became Prime Minister for five months.

Although Shanxian Youpeng gave up the throne of prime minister to his political opponents, he did not lose much. Because not only the position of land and Navy Minister remained in the hands of katsuro and Yamamoto quanbingwei, but also the Japanese military did not have the actual ability to expel the Russians from Manchuria by force

Chinese PinYin : Gui Tai Lang