Zhao Bingjun

Zhao Bingjun

Zhao Bingjun (1859-1914), born in Ruzhou, Henan Province, was a famous political figure in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. During his tenure as president of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai was promoted to be the third premier of state. He drafted the police regulations and established the police school. He is the founder of modern Chinese police system.

Life of the characters

Zhao Bingjun was an orphan. He lost his father in his early years, and soon his mother died of illness. His family was extremely poor, and he didn't even have a name when he was a child. Speaking of his surname, Zhao is the first of all the families. His surname is the first person under the emperor's feet (Jun of Bingguo). His birthday is the first day of the first month of the first lunar month, which is his own birthday. Zhao Bingjun had no children. He first adopted an adopted son, and later chose his cousin's second son as his successor.

Under the pressure of poverty, Zhao Bingjun lived in his uncle's house as a child. He once worked as a bookboy in an official family in his hometown. He was shrewd, tough and courageous. He won the favor of his master, so he got the chance to study by himself and mastered certain cultural knowledge. At that time, Zhao bingchong and his friends learned how to keep the clock from their hometown. Since then, Zhao Bingjun left his hometown and began his life.

In 1878, Zhao Bingjun failed in the examination of a scholar, so he joined Zuo Zongtang's Chu army and went to Xinjiang to pacify the chaos of agubai. He was under Zhang Yao's command. He went out of Jiayuguan with the army and settled in Xinjiang. He fought bravely, built a leader by equestrian skills and made many miraculous achievements. He was buried by wind and snow for three days in the Gobi desert in his early years. Fortunately, he did not die, but he was seriously injured and disabled. It is said that the consequences are still very serious. When Yili was recovered, Zhao Bingjun took part in the negotiation of Sino Russian border survey. In view of his outstanding performance in Xinjiang, Zhao Bingjun was appointed as the Dianshi of Xinle county. Here, he is famous for "being good at arresting".

Zhao Bingjun's involvement in military and political affairs also has a certain origin with Yuan Shikai. Zhao Bingjun specializes in two branches of detective and police, and has great wit. Yuan Shikai trained in a small station and knew the hero with a wise eye. He pulled Zhao out of the grass and was very important. Since then, Zhao has always been a think tank around Yuan Shikai and deeply trusted by yuan.

In 1900, the boxers rose and the eight countries invaded. Zhao Bingjun was appreciated by Yuan Shikai for his meritorious service in arresting the Boxer Rebellion. He took Zhizhou as his governor and left Zhili as his supplement.

After Yuan Shikai succeeded Li Hongzhang as governor of Zhili, Zhao Bingjun was appointed governor of Baoding patrol police station. He was alternate as magistrate and served as salt transportation envoy. During his tenure, Zhao Bingjun bought and read foreign police system books translated by Shanghai book company, and his knowledge gradually increased. Zhao Bingjun, together with Yuan Shikai's Japanese police consultant, Yoshihiro Miura, drew up a police charter, created a police school, selected 500 patrolmen, and distributed them inside and outside Baoding city to maintain public order, with remarkable achievements.

After the withdrawal of the Eight Power Allied forces, Yuan Shikai appointed Zhao Bingjun as the general office of the Patrol Police Bureau of the southern section of Tianjin, Japanese ITO Jiro as the assistant, and Harada Junsan as the consultant. Zhao set up the earliest modern police system in China, Tianjin detective team and Tianjin Police Academy in Tianjin. In the near future, Tianjin and Baoding patrol schools will be merged and renamed Beiyang patrol school, and patrol training centers will be set up in each county.

After Yuan Shikai was transferred to the post of military aircraft minister, Zhao Bingjun established the patrol department in Beijing and was promoted to the position of right servant. After the Qing government reformed the official system, the patrol department was changed to the Ministry of civil affairs, including the Ministry of work, the Ministry of rites, Taichang temple and Honglu temple.

Yuan Shikai wanted to force the Qing government to abdicate, but he didn't want to bear the blame, so he secretly asked Zhao Bingjun and others to come forward. Knowing that this was a good chance to please yuan, Zhao Bingjun made great efforts to force empress dowager Longyu and Puyi to abdicate. Empress dowager Longyu had to delay crying. At the pre imperial meeting, Zhao Bingjun proposed that the northern and southern governments abdicate at the same time, and that an interim government should be organized in Tianjin. The princes and ministers were silent, and Manchurian youths opposed it. Zhao Bingjun yelled: "we will have a meeting today, and we will have a meeting tomorrow. We can't discuss it until now. Therefore, the cabinet has to take the blame and resign!" Then he left, and the princes and concubines of Manchuria turned pale with fear. After the event, Zhao Bingjun had a direct showdown and threatened the Empress Dowager Longyu that if she could take the initiative to abdicate, she would guarantee preferential treatment to the royal family. Otherwise, the revolutionary party urged her, "there will be unpredictable things.". At this time, the real power and army of the Qing government were firmly controlled by Yuan Shikai, and the helpless empress dowager Longyu had to obey.

Zhao Bingjun played an important role in persuading the Qing government to abdicate because of his loyalty to yuan and his authority. After the revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai gave Zhao Bingjun the position of the first chief of internal affairs of the government.

After Yuan Shikai became the provisional president of the Republic of China, Zhao Bingjun was indispensable for his merits. Zhao served as the head of the interior department in the cabinet of Prime Minister Tang Shaoyi. Soon after, Tang Shaoyi was forced to resign, and Lu Zhengxiang, his successor, was impeached by the house. Zhao Bingjun became the third premier of the Yuan Shikai period in August 1912. During Zhao Bingjun's term as premier of state, Yuan Shikai organized the Northern Warlord government to carry out autocracy, and at the same time ordered his cronies to assassinate the revolutionaries. At this time, Zhao Bingjun naturally became Yuan Shikai's imperial tool.

Why did Zhao Bingjun, a decent policer, become China's Prime Minister one day? This is because Tang Shaoyi, the first prime minister, was also a close friend of Yuan Shikai. Unfortunately, she had studied in the United States and was influenced by American democratic ideas. Therefore, she could not get along with President Yuan Shikai and had to leave on her own. Yuan Shikai left the position to no one to worry about, and finally made Zhao Bingjun prime minister.

The mystery of the Song Dynasty

Cause of the incident

Song Jiaoren was an important political figure in the early years of the Republic of China and a senior member of the alliance. In order to realize the party cabinet proposal, he sought to unite small parties as big parties. Based on the alliance, he united the Republican Party, the National Progressive Association, the national public party and the Republican Progressive Association, and reorganized into the Kuomintang. Song planned and contributed the most to the formation of the Kuomintang, so he became the actual leader.

Yuan Shikai instigated Zhao Bingjun to join the alliance in order to explore the reality of the revolutionaries, so he had close contacts with Song Jiaoren. Song Jiaoren lived outside Beijing. He often went to the city at night to have a private talk in Zhao Bingjun's secret room. He left at dawn. Song Jiaoren praised Zhao Wanzhi as a politician and promised him to be the Prime Minister of state or even the president after the establishment of the parliament. Zhao Bingjun also praised song as the leader of the big party and organized the party cabinet. Song Jiaoren sometimes confided the secret of the party to his heart's content. Zhao Bingjun also told us the details of Beiyang. It seems that there is nothing to hide, so they had a good time.

The murder of Song Jiaoren was a big and important case which caused a sensation all over the country in the early years of the Republic of China.

What happened

On the evening of March 20, 1913, Shanghai Huning railway station. Song Jiaoren and his party walk from the waiting hall to the ticket gate. Suddenly, a small man jumps out of the shadow, raises his hand and shoots at Song Jiaoren, and then quickly escapes from the railway station. The news spread and shocked the whole country. The Jiangsu Provincial Police Department was duty bound to take on the responsibility of detecting and arresting the murderer.

Song Jiaoren's murder case occurred in Shanghai and was solved by the concession patrol house. Since the case was solved, the Chinese government has been committed to extraditing the case to the Chinese police for trial. With the joint efforts of the Ministry of internal affairs, the Ministry of justice and Jiangsu Police in Beijing, the concession patrol house has handed over all the documents, material evidence and criminals of the song case to the Chinese side.

The song case caused a sensation all over the country. After receiving relevant evidence, the police soon found out that it was related to Zhao Bingjun and Yuan Shikai. The people of the whole country were shocked and the public opinion was in an uproar. On April 30, 1913, Liang Shiyi, Secretary General of the presidential palace, suggested Yuan Shikai: "this matter can only be relieved by removing Zhao Bingjun from office and changing him to Tang Shaoyi, and forming another cabinet with the spirit of the Populist Party. As for whether Zhao Bingjun is suspected or not, it will be judged by the people."

Event impact

Yuan Shikai adopted Liang Shiyi's suggestion and immediately removed Zhao from his post. At first, he planned to be succeeded by Tang Shaoyi. Later, he was replaced by Duan Qirui, the army chief, as the Prime Minister of state. Zhao Bingjun's concurrent post as the interior chief was represented by Yan dunyuan, the second minister.

Doubtful points of the incident

Zhao Bingjun has been an official for many years. He has been in charge of police affairs and civil affairs all the year round. He has no special bad deeds and bad reputation. He has almost no motive to kill Song Dynasty. If he only takes the so-called "song wants to be prime minister, where can I go?" This kind of absurd reason seems to be an inference that is hard to convince the public.

Relevant historical materials record in detail Zhao Bingjun's first reaction after the song case. On the morning of March 21, 1913, when the State Council was holding a State Council meeting, Gu Ao, director of parliamentary election affairs, suddenly broke into the meeting room and reported to Premier Zhao that there was a call from Shanghai at Qianmen station. Song Jiaoren was shot at Shanghai station last night and was seriously injured. He was afraid that he would not be rescued. This is the earliest telegram Beijing has received about the assassination of Song Jiaoren. Premier Zhao Bingjun was shocked and left immediately. He walked around the long table several times and said to himself, "if people say that I killed Song Jiaoren, I'm not selling friends. How can I count myself?" The chief executives looked at each other and did not speak. At this time, he was suddenly informed that Yuan Shikai invited premier Zhao Bingjun, who rushed to see Yuan Shikai.

From these records, it seems that the assassination of Song Jiaoren was unexpected to Zhao, and he didn't know about it in advance. If he had heard about the plan in advance, he would never have such a strong sense of surprise that he would have made a serious gaffe.

The death of Zhao Bingjun

In the first national assembly election, Yuan Shikai and Zhao Bingjun did not know how to control the election. As a result, the Kuomintang took advantage of the election and gained nearly half of the seats, becoming the largest party in the national assembly. Song Jiaoren is full of ambition and is ready to be prime minister in Beijing. Unexpectedly, on the way out, a samurai Ying shot the most capable leader of the Kuomintang twice, and the future Prime Minister Song was seriously injured and died.

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Bing Jun1