Yu Zhiding

Yu Zhiding

Yu Zhiding (1647-1716) was a painter in Qing Dynasty. The word Shangji, the word Shangji, the word shenzhai. Later, he was sent to Jiangdu. He is good at landscape, characters, flowers and birds, animals, especially portraits. At the beginning, he learned from Lan Ying, and then from various schools in song and Yuan Dynasties. He was good at copying and had a solid foundation. Portrait painting is famous for its two aspects: white drawing and color setting, which can perform its best. Vivid and vivid. There are "riding cattle south also map", "release Silver Pheasant map", "Wang Yuan Qi art chrysanthemum map" handed down.

Life of the characters

Yu Zhiding was a famous painter in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. He was good at figures, especially for portraits. After he came to the capital to worship the inner court, he was well-known in the capital, and "all the little statues of celebrities came out of his hands" (on painting of Tongyin by Qin zuyong of the Qing Dynasty). However, the record of his life is very brief, probably because he is a court painter rather than a scholar. Fortunately, many princes and ministers he met revealed some of his deeds in his poems and paintings. Yu Zhiding's life can be roughly divided into four periods: before the age of 33, he lived in the countryside to study painting, and focused on portraits; from 34 to 39, he came to Beijing to worship and sent to Ryukyu; from 40 to 50, he was middle-aged, honoring the capital, and his creation flourished; from 50 to 70, he became famous and devoted himself to development.

Yu Zhiding was born in 1647, the fourth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty. It was named Shangji, Shangji, Shangji, and shenzhai. He was born in Xinghua County, Yangzhou Prefecture, and later returned to Jiangdu. Because Yangzhou and Jiangdu were called Guangling in ancient times, they were often called "Guangling" people.

Yuzhiding was born in a poor family. According to Xianfeng's biography of yuzhiding in Xinghua county annals, it is said that "you are humble, but you don't have a chance to set up." When he was more than ten years old, he was Li's "green clothes", that is, a child servant. According to the notes of Echinochloa crusgalli: "at the beginning, he was Li's green clothes. When he finished his official business, he stole pen and ink, and the master taught him how to draw." Li, one of the four surnames in Xinghua, is a descendant of Li Chunfang, the Minister of the Ministry of officials in the late Ming Dynasty. Yu Zhiding worked as a child servant in the Li family, and his master taught him to learn painting, which should be his earliest enlightenment of painting industry. The history of painting also records his "kindergarten teacher Lan Ying". At that time, Lan Ying was 72 years old, and it was impossible for him to take a child over ten years old as his disciple. The master probably taught Yu Zhiding how to use Lan Ying's brush and ink. When Yu Zhiding was more than 20 years old, he had a small reputation in his hometown and was famous for his portraits. He met a lot of local celebrities and painters, and drew pictures for them. For example, he portrayed Wu Weiye when he was about 23 years old. Wu Weiye was a famous poet and painter in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. He was one of the "nine friends in the painting". He was friendly with Dong Qichang and Wang Shimin. At that time, he was more than 60 years old. It can be seen that he attached great importance to Yu. In the 13th year of Kangxi, Xu Qianxue, a famous scholar, came to Yangzhou to drink with calligrapher Jiang Chenying and poet Wang Maolin in Wang's "love garden". Yu Zhiding was also invited to attend the meeting. In order to record the gathering, he ordered the three portraits of Yu's appearance to write the volume of the picture of three sons' couplet. The 28 year old Yu Zhiding was able to attend such a gathering of famous officials and draw a picture for it, which shows his famous painting in Yangzhou.

According to the history of painting, Yu Zhiding entered the capital during the reign of Emperor Kangxi as the forerunner of Honglu temple. Honglu temple is an institution specialized in the ceremonial service of the imperial court. The "Xu ban" is an official who is in charge of hundreds of official classes, and is responsible for such rituals as serving the class, coordinating the class, rectifying the ceremony and preaching praise. The rank of the official is Cong Jiupin. Yu Zhiding had a very low official position in this position, but he seemed to specialize in portrait painting, which was different from the General Preface class. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was powerful, and vassals and foreign countries constantly came to pay tribute. They were all received by Honglu temple. Every time the main officials came to the court, they had to be painted by painters. Yu Zhiding took up the post. In this regard, there are specific records in the literature. The preface of the song of the meeting of King Yusheng of Guangling in Volume II of the collection of Xizhai by Wu Yu said: "during the reign of Bingyin and Dingmao in Kangxi, the ten states of Korea, Annan, Ryukyu, Helan, Xiyang, Turpan, Siam, Lama, alos and kalkaifan, the king Li Cong sent envoys to pay tribute. The story of dahonglu led envoys to see the end of the Dynasty and gave banquet to the Ministry of rites, which was the Ministry of rites of Donghai The Chamberlain. Guangling, the guest of the Duke, the tripod of Yu Sheng, is a good person. On the day of public company banquet, he often ordered his life to follow him with a pen. He looked from the side, folded small square paper, sketched roughly, and returned to the silk of the picture. All his clothes, swords, shoes, hair and bones are vivid. In the picture, the Duke took the meaning of the chapter of Wang Hui from the book of Zhou Dynasty in Jizhong and ordered it to be called "the picture of Wang Hui." Yu Zhiding painted portraits of the envoys who paid tribute in the years of Bingyin and Dingmao. In 1682, he went to Ryukyu with Wang Ji and other envoys, and he was also responsible for painting portraits.

Yu Zhiding's mission to Ryukyu is the most remarkable achievement in his life. His portraits are well-known in the capital, which is also closely related to this mission. In the winter of the 20th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, envoys from Ryukyu were appointed. In April of the 21st year, the imperial court appointed Wang Ji and Lin linshe as the first and second envoys. In August, envoys left Beijing for Fujian to go to sea. In Ryukyu, their son Shang Zhen was granted the title of king of Zhongshan in Ryukyu. In the spring of the 23rd year, they returned to the court. According to the literature, Yu's tripod was also sent to Ryukyu along with the book. In the preface of Wang Hui Tu, it is recorded: "Yu was born with great talent, worthy of the ancients. Today, the official Hong Lu Xu ban was appointed as a companion of Ryukyu Wang huitu was written in the 27th year of Kangxi. It was only 21 years ago that Wang Ji was sent to Ryukyu. Therefore, the Yu family should also be his companion. At the same time, in July of this year, Yu's family was still working in Beijing for Wang Shizhen, Chen Tingjing, Xu Qianxue, Wang Youdan, Wang Maolin, etc. in the volume of "the collection of elegant paintings in the south of the city". From August to the spring 23 of the 23rd year of Kangxi, there was no record of Yu's activities in Beijing, which can prove that Yu's family had been sent to Ryukyu.

In 1684, Yu Zhiding returned to Beijing with Wang Ji, and his reputation had spread all over the world. For example, according to Xianfeng's biography of Yu Zhi Ding in Xinghua county annals: "in Kangxi period, Honglu temple was given a preface class, which was sent to Ryukyu along with the envoys, and was famous both at home and abroad." Since then, his creation has entered its heyday, and celebrities in Beijing have asked him to paint portraits. "Jiangdu County continued Zhi" records: "all under the name of the public Tongren depict almost times." At this time, he got to know more princes, ministers and scholars, and his cultivation and painting skills were further improved. His creation not only left precious images of many famous people at that time, but also showed his mature and exquisite artistic style.

At this time, Yu Zhiding created a large number of portraits, and most of them were contemporary celebrities. For example, shortly after returning to Beijing in the 23rd year of Kangxi, Cao Yin painted the painting of Dongting, Cao Xueqin's predecessor, Guan Lianghuai's supervisor and Kangxi's favorite minister; in the 24th year, Chen Tingjing painted the painting of Yan Ju Ke'er, Chen Tingjing's official bachelor, Gong Shiwen, and Wang Shizhen and Wang Wan, who were also known as the contemporary; in the 27th year, Zhu kuntian painted the volume of Hu Bo's flute image, Zhu YIZUN's son, Gong Shiwen In the 28th year, Zhu YIZUN painted the picture of the fisherman in xiaochanglu. Zhu YIZUN was a famous scholar. He wrote poems and Wang Shizhen called them two major works in the north and the south. He entered Zhinan study after official review. In the same year, Gao Shiqi painted the picture of Jiangcun nangui. Gao Shiqi was a famous collector and was good at painting. He was dedicated to the inner court and served as a minister of rites. The portraits of these celebrities are all finely portrayed.

Although Yu Zhiding had a great reputation in the capital, he was overwhelmed by the endless stream of demands for paintings and urgent demands for paintings. He was in a state of confusion. When he was more than 40 years old, he went to the south. According to Zhang Geng's collection of paintings of the state Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, "Qi Wan was very anxious when he came to call for a horse. Since he was not good at riding, he tried to push it forward and made it difficult. When he went to the mansion to pay a visit, he was ordered to write a small photo and Pu Fu to use his pen. He was insulted by Dr. Jian Cha, so he decided to return. " In the spring of the 29th year of Kangxi, Xu Qian returned from his studies and lived in Dongting Dongshan. He compiled the unified annals and invited Yu Zhiding to accompany him. This is a good chance to get away, Yu readily agreed, and then went with him. Yu's family went south at the age of 44 in the 29th year of Kangxi (1690) and returned to the north at the age of 49 in the 34th year of Kangxi (1695). During his five years in the south, he mainly lived in Dongting with Xu Qian. During this period, he was paid by literati and was forced by no noble official. His creation was relatively free. Besides portraits and elegant collections, he also painted other figure paintings, flowers and landscapes, conveying leisurely, elegant or sincere feelings. For example, on March 3, the 33rd year of Kangxi, Xu Qianxue invited 12 people, including Qian Lucan, Sheng Fusheng, you dong, Huang Yujian, Wang ricao, he bang, sun min, Xu zuanzeng, Zhou Jinran, Qin Songling, and Xu Bingyi, to repair the painting in Suiyuan, and invited Yu Zhiding to draw the volume of the painting. This picture depicts the scene of these highly respected ancient scholars, imitating the Orchid Pavilion, repairing the garden, having a banquet for three days, and composing elegant poems. It is intended to convey the literati's high dancing sentiment.

Yu Zhiding returned to Beijing at the age of 50 in the 35th year of Kangxi (1696) because of Xu Qianxue's death in 34th year. In these 20 years, he continued to paint portraits for celebrities, and many famous calligraphers and painters also cooperated with him one after another, or supplemented scenes, or chanted, leaving many masterpieces. He also painted the life experience of Ding'an in Tongzheng palace, which belongs to the category of official records.

In his later years, Yu had more close contact with some famous calligraphers and painters, often painting and writing poems or cooperating with each other. Many famous people are also happy to write poems for his paintings, such as Zhashang Ren's poems for the picture of fishermen in Jiangxiang, Wang Shizhen, song Luo and Song Zhi's poems for the picture of bamboo washing, and Zha Shenxing's poems for the picture of BAMIAO. Yu Zhiding was ranked among the literati painters and calligraphers by his humble position in the preface class of Honglu temple. We can see his status and reputation at that time. Yu Zhiding was famous in his later years, but he continued to expand his painting road and try to innovate. He carefully copied the famous works of his predecessors and explored new painting methods; he worked hard in the field of portrait painting, but also extensively involved in ladies, flowers, landscapes, etc., striving to develop new themes. For example, at the age of 57, he painted the painting of Lady Bajiao for Honglan, imitating Xu Wei's brushwork; at the age of 62, he imitated Zhao Danian's painting of Qingxiao in Jiangxiang; at the age of 63, he imitated Ma Hezhi's painting of plum blossom in western suburbs. Although these

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