Liu Wuzhou

Liu Wuzhou

Liu Wuzhou? August 620), hejianjingcheng (now Jiaohe County, Hebei Province). At the end of the Sui Dynasty, it was one of the local separatists.

He was brave and good at shooting. He liked to make friends and went to Yang Yichen, the imperial servant of Sui Dynasty. He followed emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty to attack Korea, established military merit, granted Jianjie Xiaowei and moved to Mayi Xiaowei. In the face of the chaotic situation in the late Sui Dynasty, the army rose against the Sui Dynasty, attached to the Turkic tribes, was granted the title of "dingyang Khan", led the army to the south to fight for the world, occupied Jinyang with sufficient food reserves and silk, captured most of Hedong and threatened Guanzhong. He called himself Emperor, and his age was Tianxing. "The army had no reserves, but plundered and plundered as capital." he broke Pei Ji and Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, and swept Shanxi.

In the third year of Wude (620), he was defeated by Li Shimin, the king of Qin. He abandoned the city and fled to the north. Finally, he was killed by Turks.

Character experience

Early experience

Liu Wuzhou was born in a wealthy family. When he was young, he was brave and good at shooting and liked to make friends with chivalrous men. His elder brother Liu Shanbo often warned him, "if you make friends without choosing friends, you will eventually destroy our whole family." And scolded and humiliated him. Therefore, Liu Wuzhou left home for Luoyang and went to Yang Yichen, the imperial servant of Sui Dynasty.

During the Daye period (612-614), Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty attacked Korea three times. Liu Wuzhou enlisted for the eastern expedition and was promoted to Jianjie Xiaowei because of his military achievements. During the eastern expedition, Liu Wuzhou returned to Mayi and served as the commander of Yingyang Prefecture.

Call yourself the prefect

In 617 A.D. (the 13th year of Daye), Liu Wuzhou took advantage of the great chaos in the late Sui Dynasty to kill Wang rengong, the governor of Mayi, and opened a warehouse to relieve the poor. He called himself the governor of Mayi by winning more than ten thousand soldiers. In order to establish a firm foothold, he sent envoys to attach themselves to Turks. In the Sui Dynasty, Chen Xiaoyi, the Chengs of Yanmen County, and Huben, the generals of Wang Zhibian, enlisted Liu Wuzhou and besieged him in sangqian town. Liu Wuzhou quoted Turkic cavalry to attack the Sui army. Wang Zhibian was defeated and killed. Chen Xiaoyi returned to Yanmen and was killed by his subordinates. Liu Wuzhou took advantage of the situation to attack Loufan County and forge ahead with Fenyang palace. In order to obtain further support from Turks, Liu Wuzhou dedicated the captured maids of Fenyang palace of Sui Dynasty to Turks, and Turk Shi Bi Khan presented them to him as war horses. Liu Wuzhou then attacked Dingxiang and returned to the army. In order to support the local separatist forces, Turks canonized Liu Wuzhou as "dingyang Khan" and sent him "wolf head banner".

A separatist Empire

Liu Wuzhou called himself Emperor and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Tianxing. After that, he led troops to besiege Yanmen and besieged the city for more than 100 days. Chen Xiaoyi tried his best to resist the attack, and his subordinate Zhang Lun assassinated Chen Xiaoyi and surrendered to Liu Wuzhou. Song Jingang, the rebel leader of Yizhou, once united with Wei dao'er. Because he was defeated by Dou Jiande, he led more than 4000 people to Liu Wuzhou, which strengthened his momentum. Liu Wu and Zhou Su were very pleased to learn that song Jingang was good at using troops. He made song Jingang the king of song, entrusted him with military affairs, and gave him half of his family property. Song Jingang retired from his former wife and hired Liu Wuzhou's younger sister as his wife.

In March of 619 ad (the second year of Wude of Tang Dynasty), Liu Wuzhou accepted song Jingang's proposal to "enter Jinyang (today's Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) and fight for the world in the South". He led 20000 troops to invade Bingzhou (governing Jinyang) in the south. In April, Liu Wuzhou United with Turks and stationed in huangsheling (today's Yuci, Shanxi Province). Zhang Da, the general manager of Bingzhou and the cavalry general of Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, led the soldiers to resist, and then disappeared. Liu Wuzhou then attacked Yuci (today's Shanxi Yuci). In May, Liu Wuzhou captured Pingyao. In June, Jiezhou was occupied. Liu Zhongyi, commander in chief of the army in Shanxi Province, was sent to the rescue camp by Huang Jiewu, commander in chief of the army. Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty also sent Pei Ji, a right servant, to be the general manager of the march of Jinzhou Road (now Linfen, Shanxi Province), and the governor to fight against Liu Wuzhou. In August, Pei Ji arrived in Jiexiu, and song Jingang refused. The two sides fought in suoyuandu (at the foot of Jiexiu Jieshan). The whole army of Tang Dynasty was defeated, and Pei Ji fled back to Jinzhou alone. Liu Wu and Zhou rushed into Jinyang, and Li Yuanji abandoned the state with his wife and concubine to return to Chang'an. Liu Wuzhou captured Jinyang, the birthplace of Li Tang. In October, Liu Wuzhou sent song Jingang to the south to capture Jinzhou, to invade Jiangzhou (today's Shanxi Xinjiang), to occupy Longmen (today's Shanxi Hejin), and to capture Huizhou (today's Shanxi Yicheng). At the same time, Lu chongmao of Xia County called himself the king of Wei, echoing Liu Wu and Zhou; Wang Xing of the Sui Dynasty, the former general, was based on Puban (now Yongji north of Shanxi Province), and combined with song Jingang. At this point, most of Shanxi was under the jurisdiction of Liu Wuzhou. Tang Dynasty had only a corner of Southwest Shanxi on the East Bank of the Yellow River. Guanzhong was greatly shocked, and even emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty was panicked. He issued the imperial edict that "thieves are so powerful that they are hard to fight. They should abandon the east of the river and guard the west of guanxi.".

Death after defeat

In November of the same year, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty ordered Li Shimin, king of the Qin Dynasty, to lead his army to attack Liu Wuzhou and settle in Baibi. The two armies had a stalemate for a long time. Gaozu also ordered Wang Xiaoji of Yong'an, Yu Yun, the general manager of Shanzhou, Dugu Huaien, the Minister of the Ministry of industry, and Tang Jian, the Minister of internal history, to forge ahead with Xiaxian County, but they could not win. They hoarded their troops in the south of the city. Later, Liu Wu, Zhou chongmao and Yuchi Jingde attacked the Xiaoji camp, and all the troops were lost. When Jingde returned to Huizhou, Li Shimin engaged him to fight in meiliangchuan and defeated him. Yuchi Jingde and xunziang rescue Wang xingben in Puzhou and are defeated by Li Shimin. When Wu Zhou attacked Li Zhongwen in Haozhou, he lost every battle and his morale fell sharply. Li Shimin also defeated song Jingang in the bird and mouse Valley, killed tens of thousands of captives and captured more than 1000 vehicles. Song Jingang has been forced to ride away. Yuchi Jingde, xunxiang and Zhang Wansui accepted their elite troops, and jujiezhou and Yong'an surrendered to Li Shimin. Wu Zhou was so frightened that he led 500 horses to flee northward from Bingzhou and fled to Turks from qianzhugu. But song Jingang wanted to gather his scattered army to resist the army. Finally, because there was no response, he had to take more than 100 horses to escape to Turk. Li Shimin marched into Bingzhou again to collect his hometown. After the Song Dynasty, King Kong abandoned the Turks and wanted to escape back to Shanggu. He was captured by the pursuing cavalry and was beheaded.

In 620 ad (the third year of Wude in Tang Dynasty), Wu Zhou was killed by Turks because he wanted to escape to Mayi

Anecdotes and allusions

It is said that Liu Kuang, Liu Wuzhou's father, was sitting in court with his wife Zhao one night when he saw an object shaped like a rooster. Its streamer lit up the whole ground and flew into Zhao's arms. Wu Zhou's mother, Zhao, quickly got up and shook her clothes, but found nothing. Soon afterwards, she became pregnant and gave birth to Liu Wuzhou.

Historical evaluation

In later Jin Dynasty, Liu Xu and other books of the old Tang Dynasty: "it was rat theft in Wuzhou period, and it was killed by Turks without the help of junzhang."

Song · Ouyang Xiu and other "New Tang Shu" said: "Wu Zhou was brave, good at riding and shooting, and liked to make heroes."

Family members

Father: Liu Kuang

Mother: Zhao

Wife: Queen Ju

Liu family members in Xiayunling village, Fangshan District, Beijing all consider themselves descendants of Liu Wuzhou.

Historical records

New Tang Shu Volume 86 biography 11

Cemeteries

After Liu Wuzhou was killed, his old subordinates buried him at the foot of the west mountain to the east of today's Xiayunling village. This place is close to the mountains and faces the water. It is ventilated and sunny. Moreover, the terrain is gentle and the trees are lush. Liu Wuzhou's tomb is an underground stone cave built by artificial mortar. On the top of the huge arched coffin room, there is a vertical fork made of blue bricks. In front of the tombs, there are several stone tablets nearly Zhang high, on which Liu Wuzhou's life experience and achievements are engraved for later generations.

Later, when the Jingyuan highway was built in 1967, the tombs were destroyed in order to open up the roadbed. Several stone tablets were either buried or scattered among the people for other purposes. It is not only difficult to find the exact location of Liu Wuzhou's coffin cave, but also the handwriting of the remaining stone tablet is blurred and illegible. However, the location of Liu Wuzhou's tomb is still called "stone tablet".

Artistic image

Novel image

In the novel shuotang, Liu Wuzhou, "wearing a red gold helmet with two phoenixes fighting for pearls, wearing a gold fish scale lock, sitting down and walking, hissing at the wind and horse, holding a nine ring machete, with a red face and yellow beard, looks like a god descending; his voice is as loud as a spring thunder in February."

Film and television image

Hero of Sui and Tang Dynasties in 2012: Zhang Haiping as Liu Wuzhou

Chinese PinYin : Liu Wu Zhou