Zhang Hanhui

Zhang Hanhui

Zhang Hanhui (May 5, 1902 - March 11, 1946), formerly known as Zhang Lanpu, was born in Dingxian County, Hebei Province (now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province).

In 1925, he joined the drama department of Peiping National College of Arts and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. In 1930, he joined the left wing writers League of China in Peking. In 1934, he went back to his hometown to organize the Anti Japanese National Salvation Association, and at the same time, he was engaged in novel and drama creation, running around to publicize the Anti Japanese war. In 1935, he went to Xi'an to publicize the Anti Japanese war in the Northeast Army. In 1937, he went deep into the countryside again to publicize the Anti Japanese and national salvation. In 1942, he was the Secretary General of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region literary Association. His famous songs such as "on the Songhua River", "mass production of the army and the people", "going to be a soldier" were widely spread in the liberated areas and the whole country, inspiring generations of Chinese people. On March 11, 1946, Zhang Hanhui, known as "people's artist", died of illness.

Life of the characters

Family background

Zhang Hanhui's original name is Zhang Lanpu, and his word contains Hui. On May 5, 1902, he was born in a decadent scholarly home in xijianyang village, Dingzhou, Shunzhi province (now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province). My grandfather was proficient in both piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. He once got an official title, but he abandoned his official position and lived a quiet pastoral life all his life. His father made a living by teaching and loved music. He was a progressive Democrat.

The road to study

Due to family poverty, Han Hui was weak and ill when he was young. He studied in a private school at the age of 7 and was admitted to the provincial No. 9 middle school of Ding county at the age of 14.

In 1919, he entered the middle school attached to Baoding Normal University. Under the influence of the May 4th New Culture Movement, he practiced writing some vernacular poems and plays. After graduating from middle school, he was admitted to Beiping private electrical industry school.

In 1922, he was admitted to Beiping people's Art Theater college. Zhang Hanhui studied hard and became a top student in the school. Soon after the dissolution of the school, Zhang Hanhui returned home to work in agriculture in 1924, and later taught in a rural high school.

In 1925, Peking National Academy of Arts set up the Department of drama, and he was admitted after he applied for the examination. Deng Hegao then joined the Communist Youth League in October 1925. After joining the party, Zhang Hanhui first worked in the workers' Club of art college, then led the youth club of Beiping, organized the "May 5th society", published the play their love in the journal, and participated in many demonstrations such as "March 18th" to publicize the revolutionary ideas.

In May 1927, in order to avoid the capture and killing of warlords, he went back to xijianyang village of Dingxian County to publicize revolutionary ideas in the countryside in the name of helping domestic farmers, which ignited the spark of revolution in the east of Dingxian County. In his hometown, he wrote the novel blue cloth shirt.

He returned to art college in 1928 and performed cinnabar mole. He graduated in 1929. Because of his good studies, he stayed in the drama department as a teaching assistant. He also performed such plays as yellow silk shirt, life's end, heroes and beauties, and a piece of patriotism. But less than a year later, he was dismissed and began his journey of "experiencing life".

When he returned to his hometown in June 1930, from the late 1920s to the 1930s, the Chinese Association for the promotion of civilian education in Ding County, Hebei Province, led by Yan Yangchu, changed the "Social Education Office" of Ding County into "public education Museum". The curator Xu Jiugao was an old friend of Zhang Hanhui. Zhang Hanhui was invited to help work in the public education museum. People's education staff often go to the countryside to hold night schools for farmers, publicize health knowledge and vaccinate against vaccinia. Zhang Hanhui took advantage of this opportunity to frequently visit the families of poor farmers. Zhang Hanhui often gave lectures in the lecture hall of the people's Education Hall to publicize the anti imperialist and anti feudal ideas and scientific and health knowledge. Sorting out folk art is also one of the tasks of the people's education center. Knowing that Zhang Hanhui is a drama expert and familiar with Dingxian Yangko, Xu Jiugao invited a Yangko artist from his own village to record and revise folk Yangko.

Zhang Hanhui wrote down several Yangko operas, such as "old and young change", and sorted them out. In the evening, he is still directing the drama "Wang San" in the Folk Education Hall. Because of his excellent work, he is respected and loved by the staff of the people's education library. Together with Ren Zhirong, he created farmer's song, weeding song, civilian school, civilian education, farmer's song, Gaotou village song, etc., collected folk songs and compiled the collection of common village songs.

Zhang Hanhui met another underground Party member in Ding County, Zhang Shengsan. Zhang Shengsan also joined the Communist Party in Beijing during the great revolution, and was temporarily hidden in his hometown Ding county. After Xu Jiugao introduced them to the people's Education Hall, they kept going back and forth. When they got to know each other's political identities, Zhang Hanhui believed that they should occupy a fire broadcasting position in Ding County as a foothold and carry out their work. Later, they agreed to seize the opportunity that the dying vocational school urgently needed to change its principal. Zhang Shengsan, an acquaintance of the director of activity education, was appointed as the principal of the vocational school by the Education Bureau. Zhang Hanhui served as the teaching director and Chinese teacher of the vocational school. They rebuilt the vocational school. Zhang Hanhui gave full play to his strong points, teaching students singing, composing and acting Yang opera, and often used the classroom as a position to instill the idea of anti feudal ethics into young students. In order to inspire and improve students' ideological awareness, Zhang Hanhui organized some progressive students and secretly set up after-school "Reading Club". Zhang Hanhui and Zhang Shengsan often go to Baoding to buy some progressive books and newspapers and distribute them to students in private. They also organize students to write study notes, organize seminars and exchange reading experience.

In May 1931, Zhang Hanhui secretly called the students of the reading club to hold a seminar in "xuelangzhai" in Dingxian County to talk about the afterthoughts of reading "Soviet inspection". He took this opportunity to introduce the situation of Soviet society and the revolutionary ideas of Lenin and Stalin to the students. In this way, Zhang Hanhui's reading club not only promoted and expanded to men's normal school, women's normal school and No.9 middle school, but also played a great role in inspiring young students' revolutionary consciousness and making them initially contact with revolutionary truth from here. After the September 18th Incident, Zhang Hanhui immediately wrote a song "hateful little Japan" according to the tune of the old military song "Three Kingdoms general Yong", which was the first song written by Zhang Hanhui. A few days later, Zhang Hanhui filled in an anti Japanese song "suime youth" according to the folk tune "Manjianghong", which aimed to call on the hardworking youth to unite and go to the national calamity. When these two songs were taught and sung by vocational school students, they were welcomed by everyone and soon spread to other schools and rural areas in Ding county through vocational school students.

In 1930, he returned to Peking again and joined the left wing writers League of China. Help organize drama clubs. After the outbreak of the September 18th Incident, Zhang Hanhui filled in "hateful little Japan" with the score of the old folk song "brave generals of the Three Kingdoms"; he also filled in "tell me youth" with the tune of "Red River", calling on the youth to "work hard and go to the national calamity together". From then on, he began to use folk songs to awaken the people to join the revolutionary art career of Anti Japanese war.

start-up

In Dingxian vocational school, because of Zhang Hanhui's series of revolutionary activities, his progressive features gradually exposed. The defendant was told that "the youth are red and harm the place", saying that "the vocational school is the hometown of the Communist Party".

At the beginning of 1932, he was invited by his classmate and best friend Liu Shangda to work in Shaanxi Provincial People's education center in Xi'an. He was appointed director of the general affairs department of the people's Education Hall. During this period, he founded the people's drama club, and personally edited and directed the illiterate mother and bird kingdom.

In the autumn of 1933, Zhang Hanhui was persecuted again in Xi'an for his revolutionary activities. He was expelled from the Shaanxi Provincial People's education center and fell into unemployment and poverty. In the midst of poverty and illness, he had to leave Xi'an and drag his sick body back to his hometown. At this time, the "Chinese Association for the promotion of civilian education" founded by Yan Yangchu carried out an experiment on civilian education in Ding county. Zhang Hanhui seized the opportunity to seize this ideal cover organ and joined the work of civilian literature department of Ping'an Church in Ding County after his illness recovered. He took advantage of the opportunity of "going deep into the people" advocated by the Church of peace to continue his process of "experiencing life", and carried out some underground revolutionary propaganda activities under the cover of "getting close to the people". At the beginning of November 1933, Zhang Hanhui participated in the organization of "Dingxian drama research society", and published an article "Dingyao improvement" in Dingxian "Xingmin daily", advocating and promoting the discussion of drama improvement. Zhang Hanhui participated in the work of "civilian literacy textbook" of the civilian literature department, and wrote a variety of popular reading materials for farmers, known as "civilian champion". During this period, a large-scale struggle broke out in Ding county to sweep away salt soil, boil salt, beat salt patrols, and chase salt merchants. In addition, a petition team of more than 20000 farmers was organized to go to the county government to demonstrate and petition, forcing the KMT county magistrate to rescind the salt ban order, and restoring the farmers' freedom of scraping salt soil and eating salt. Zhang Hanhui witnessed this vigorous peasant movement and was quite infected. He wrote salt tide and waiting for trial and other novels. With sharp pen and ink, he exposed the darkness of society, denounced the cruelty of exploitation, and inspired and inspired the fighting spirit of peasants. During this period, he also created novels and plays, such as butcher, transition, Wang Banxian, blood beggar, rising moon, I am a man, etc.

In July 1934, Li Dezhong, special commissioner of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, came to Ding county and Wuji county to restore the party organization. According to the instructions of the provincial Party committee, Li Dezhong got in touch with Zhang Hanhui and then got in touch with other underground party members according to the clues provided by Zhang Hanhui. From then on, under the leadership of the party, Zhang Hanhui took up all the important tasks entrusted to him by the party under the cover of his status as a church staff. The compilation group of "civilian literacy textbook" of the civilian literature department of the Church of peace is located in dongzhugu

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Han Hui