Zhang Zhen

Zhang Zhen

Zhang Xuan (1625-1694-1694)? ）Li Chen, named JiZhai, was born in Huaian in the fifth year of Qi Dynasty.

family background

According to the records of rebuilding Shanyang County annals, during the Wanli period of the Yongnian reign of Zu, he was the official of Honglu temple in Nanjing. His father, Zhang Zhizhong, was born in Chongzhen. He was a Gongsheng. He had learned from hundreds of schools, and had rich poetry and ancient prose. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the society was revived, Zhizhong and Tongli were able to respond with delight to discuss the current politics and attack the eunuch party. "The family is poor, but the Ding, he and inscriptions are very rich.". Zhizhong was "proficient in the study of Chinese characters, discriminating styles, examining sounds, and correcting errors", which was admired by scholars. After his death, he was "a friend named Mr. gongxiao". Zhizhong's works include Xue Zhi, Li Xue Pianshou Lu, economic origin, although the guests are far away, Fu Shan Tang's poems of Zhang Zongzheng, Mei Yin's anthology, etc. Shanyang Yiwenzhi contains Zhang Zhizhong's poems and biographies written by his friends. Zhizhong is "gentle and kind", and "resolute and rational". His mother, Fang's "diligent, thrifty and chaste" was once a "living mother" and was recorded in the county annals as "Lienv". Such a family atmosphere undoubtedly plays an important role in his life.

Character experience

Zhang lost his mother at the age of nine. In 1635, he sent China to Jiangning (now Nanjing) in response to the imperial edict. At the age of eleven, he traveled with his father to the north and south of the river. From his childhood, under the instruction of his father, he had a strong interest in textual research. In 1641, he died early in middle age. At the age of 17, Zhang Zhen took up the burden of family life and took care of her younger siblings. At that time, the Ming Dynasty was faced with collapse. He saw the Qing troops going south and the history of Yangzhou resisting the Qing Dynasty. His family and state affairs were not satisfactory, so he had to bury himself in the stone and stele to relieve his grief and indignation. Zhang Xun and Gu Yanwu are "friendly" and often write to each other, exchanging ideas and research results. After the Qing Dynasty soldiers came to Jiangnan, Gu jubing fought against the Qing Dynasty. Later, he came and went south and north again. He was not an official all his life and studied hard. This had a great influence on Zhang Xuan. He was forced to teach his children in his hometown. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651) of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zhen took part in the county school year examination and enrolled 18 students. Later, he followed Gu Yanwu's example. He did not take part in the imperial examination and did not enter the official career. He devoted himself to learning. He became a famous Jinshi scholar in the early Qing Dynasty. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Gu Yanwu wrote five books, Guangyun and Yinxue, which were written by tuolichen. Zhang Huo collated them and ordered their two sons Yeji and yezhen to transcribe them neatly. He sent samples to Gu and printed them with the value of chuchan. Gu was very moved, "close to Li Chen's letter, five books corrected one or two hundred places", and sighed: "I believe in good ancient, specializing in six books, I'm not as good as Zhang Li Chen." He was convinced that this was the case. Gu Yanwu also wrote a poem "send to Zhang Wenxue" which said: "when winter comes, it's cold and more dramatic. What's the situation of Huaiyan (Note: there was a battle to build a dike on the Huaihe River at that time), remembering Zhang Pingzi from afar, Gudeng is exploring the book. The country is old with two temples, and the characters are written in the Six Dynasties. There is no homology in sorrow, and the awning is not enough to live in. " In autumn and winter of this year, Zhang lichen went to Zhenjiang to inspect the cliff stone inscription "bury crane inscription". The stone inscription of Yi He Ming is carved in the West foot of Jiaoshan. It is usually not in the river, but only in winter when the water is dry. "Three days later in October, Ding Wei was able to see this. First, he saw two carved stones. Second, when he came to the site of the grand Pavilion, he looked down from the right. He saw a stone lying on his back in front of him and a stone falling behind him. When he lay on the ground and looked up, he saw the handwriting. Then he saw another stone standing on its side In "the setting sun and the cold wind", Zhang Zhen "lies on his back in sand and stone" and "the ink falls on the contrary, regardless of the tortuous surface". After three days of "circling the stone gap", he finally got four pieces of paper, more than ten words more than Huang Bosi (the word Changrui) and Dong bu (the word Yanyuan) of the Jinshi family in Song Dynasty. After returning to Huaihe, he completed the "debate on the inscription of buried crane". In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Wang Shizhen, a famous poet and Minister of punishment of the Qing Dynasty, accompanied Emperor Kangxi on a tour to Huaishang. When he heard Zhang's name, "Shengzu called for trial implementation", he was awarded a "Yiyang order" (see yuyangshanren's self-made Chronicle). Zhang didn't want to see Yan Shiqing face to face, so he didn't go to the post. As a scholar of integrity, Zhang Zhen attached great importance to integrity, and his younger brother and children became adults, so he decided to go out for on-the-spot investigation. Although he is good at painting, he asked Zhu Eryu, a famous painter in Yangzhou, to draw a painting of fushantang. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), Zhang ran away from home, and invited celebrities to chant every place he went. Wang Shizhen, Zhu YIZUN, Cheng MuQing, Wang Yifu and others chanted in Fu Shan Tang. This precious document was once collected by Ding Mocun (i.e. Ding Baoquan, who was not governor of Shanxi Province in the Qing Dynasty). In the winter of the second year, Zhang Huo "crossed yunzhan from Hannan to Liquan (now Liquan County, Shaanxi Province)" and "crossed Huayin, climbed Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, went to the site of Taizong temple, spread all the steles of Prince of Tang Dynasty, and inspected the pictures of six horses in Zhaoling" and "went back with several pieces of paper". Later, he completed the "Zhaoling six Jun Tu Zan Bian", and was included in the "Si Ku Quan Shu". Abstract of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu: "the volume of zanbian of Liujun in Zhaoling, written by Zhang Zao, has the character of Li Chen. Shanyang people are erudite and fond of antiquity. They especially study the inscriptions of gold and stone. Later, they study the inscriptions of Liujun in Zhaoling for their deafness and obsolescence. They think it is written by Emperor Taizong, Yin Zhongrong, Ouyang Xun or Yin Zhongrong. According to Zhao Mingcheng's Jin Shi Lu, Liu Ma Zan was regarded as Ouyang's inquiry and the names of the generals were Yin Zhongrong's The book written by Zhang Zhuo has solved an important academic problem. Fan Yixu's "huaizhuxiaoji"; Li Chen's poetry is the most rare, which can be seen from the book "on the boat of the Han River", with the words near the valley Here are two songs: "four mountains and one boat, there is no road just a short distance away.". From the gap between the stones, the group pulled the rapids. There are many twists and turns in the poem, and the twists and turns give birth to fear. Oh, this tired traveler, go forward day by day. When you travel thousands of miles, your mind is getting haggard. the whole family is always in the chest, reciting every time. Suddenly I see the strange peak, and make you drunk. He sighed and talked to himself again, and then he wandered away. From these two poems, we can see Zhang's state of mind of putting his feelings on the landscape of the motherland. In the 12th year of Kangxi's reign (1673), Zhang Zhen made a "tour of the capital" and "went out of the capital with Mr. Gu Tinglin of the eastern Wu Dynasty". He paid homage to Confucius Temple and built a stone tablet along the way in Jining, Shandong Province. After returning to Huaihe River, he never went back to travel, "died at home" and engaged in writing. Han Li Zi Yuan was written in 1684 of Kangxi reign. Quan Zuwang, a scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote a preface to the book and praised it: "if you study hard, you should be diligent." Zhang was poor in his later years and later lived in qingjiangpu of Huaihe River. There are a lot of inscriptions on gold and stone, but most of them are lost and forced by life. They even sell them to people through calligraphy and calligraphy. In the 33rd year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1694), Zhang Huo spent his 70th birthday sadly. His friends and students in Huaihe went to celebrate his birthday. Li Kai's poem "seven ranks of shouzhanglicheng" sums up Zhang's knowledge and character in his whole life. The poem says: "Gao Yinqiang envies his independence in the East, and his white head gathers to study.". The Yu acupoints on the Qin stele were searched all over the place, and the Mongolian and Zhuangzi notes on the Zhouyi did not stop. The pine and chrysanthemum were not abandoned in Yuan Liang's house, and they passed the Ziyun Pavilion when they respected the chrysanthemum. Today, only 70 danyan is here, and the world of players is the star of the year. In his preface, Duan chaoduan, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty who compiled the chronicle of Mr. Zhang lichen (see Chuzhou Series), wrote: "lichen had a high reputation and had a wide range of friends at that time, and those who talked about gold and stone are still regarded as the forefathers But those who regret it only know when they are seven years old and when they donate to the museum. They don't dare to speculate that the dragon can see the head and the tail. " He hoped that "when Hongda at home can pass the exam, he will post a book to see if he can finish it." This is an academic problem to be researched.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Chao