Zhang Rong

Zhang Rong

Zhang Rong (1884-1912), a modern Chinese democratic revolutionist of Manchu nationality, was born in Fushun, Liaoning Province. In 1903, he joined Beijing translation school to study Russian. In 1904, the Russo Japanese war broke out, he abandoned his studies and returned to Liao. He organized "independent self defense army of Guandong" with Ding Kaizhang and other people, and contacted Wang gechen and other people to organize rural groups to advocate Manchu independence, so as to resist foreign aggression and recover sovereignty. Later, he was ordered to dissolve by the Qing government. In July 1905, he went to Beijing again to set up a secret publication to publicize the revolution. In September of the same year, five ministers of the Qing government, who conspired with Wu Yue to blow up a foreign country to investigate constitutionalism at Qianmen station in Beijing, were arrested and jailed for treason by the Qing government. In 1908, he escaped from prison and fled to Tokyo, Japan. Soon, he joined the Chinese Alliance and returned to Dalian in 1910, ready to launch an uprising. After the Wuchang Uprising, he and Zhao Erxun organized the "Fengtian national security association" to serve as vice president, but he did not take office. He organized the "United rapid advance Association" as its president and planned the armed uprising. It was not implemented because it complied with the armistice conditions of the North South negotiations. On January 23, 1912, Zhao Erxun and Zhang zuolin conspired to assassinate him.

Profile

Zhang Rong (1884-1912) studied Russian in Beijing translation school in 1903. In 1904, when the Russo Japanese war broke out, he abandoned his studies and returned to Liao. He organized the "independent self defense army of Guandong" with Ding Kaizhang and other people, and contacted Wang gechen and other people to organize a rural group to advocate Manchu independence in order to resist foreign aggression and recover sovereignty. Later, he was ordered to dissolve by the Qing government. In July 1905, he went to Beijing again to set up a secret publication to publicize the revolution. In September of the same year, five ministers of the Qing government, who conspired with Wu Yue to blow up a foreign country to investigate constitutionalism at Qianmen station in Beijing, were arrested and jailed for treason by the Qing government. In 1908, he escaped from prison and fled to Tokyo, Japan. Soon, he joined the alliance. In 1910, he returned to Dalian, ready to launch an uprising. After the Wuchang Uprising, he and Zhao Erxun organized the "Fengtian national security association" to serve as vice president, but he did not take office. He organized the "United rapid advance Association" as its president and planned the armed uprising. Due to compliance with the armistice clause of the North South negotiations, it was not implemented. On January 23, 1912, Zhao Erxun and Zhang zuolin conspired to assassinate him. Zhang Rong is the author of Liao He Ji. After the revolution of 1911, Sun Yat Sen and the provisional government organized a memorial service for him.

Life story

In February 1904, when the Russo Japanese war broke out, Zhang Rong witnessed the tragic scene of imperialists fighting for each other on Chinese land and imposing disasters on the Chinese people. He realized that if he wanted to save his motherland from danger and being bullied by foreign powers, he had no choice but to overthrow the fatuous Qing government. With the financial resources and prestige of his father and uncle, he came to Xingjing (now Xinbin county) in 1905 to organize the "Kanto independent self defense army" with Ding Kaizhang. At that time, there were loyal troops led by Liu Danzi (i.e. Liu Yonghe) in Xingjing Prefecture. Under the banner of "resisting the Russian aggressors and restoring the territory", they often appeared in Tonghua, Hailong and Xingjing. Zhang Rong wanted to make use of these forces, so she called on the heroes of the green forest, summoned local heroes, reorganized local regiments, and prepared to launch an armed uprising at an appropriate time. To this end, Zhangjia gave tens of thousands of money to support the organization of armed forces. For a time, the self-defense forces gathered in the Eastern Road, which was so powerful that foreigners were afraid of it, and the officials stationed in the mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty were also afraid. In order to legitimize the struggle, they asked the government for a record. The Qing government was afraid that they would gather together for rebellion and order their dissolution. After being frustrated, Zhang Rong did not lose heart, but went to Beijing to set up secret publications and continue to advocate revolution. I met Wu Yue here and became a close friend. On September 24, 1905, the Qing government sent five foreign ministers to inspect the constitutionalism. Wu Yue and Zhang Rong conspired to blow up five ministers. When the five ministers boarded the train from Qianmen railway station, they dropped a bomb. When the bomb exploded, Wu Yue was killed on the spot and Zhang Rong fled. At this time, Yuan Shikai was appointed Minister of Beiyang. When he heard about the incident, he immediately sent Tianjin patrolman Zhao Bingjun to investigate and deal with it. On the 10th, Zhang Rong was arrested and escorted to Tianjin. Yuan Shikai personally conducted the trial. Zhang Rong committed the crime of beheading. Zhang's family friend, Shi Renfu Hanlin, once joined the Northeast celebrities of the government and the public to ask for amnesty. Huang Zhonghui asked her father Huang Yongsi to help rescue him. Huang Yongsi made friends with Li Lianying, the eunuch general manager, and bribed Li Lianying with a lot of money. Li Lianying knelt down and begged Empress Dowager Cixi: "Zhang Rong is a child of the family and a native of Xingjing. She is young and ignorant. Please ask the old Buddha to be gracious." in this way, Empress Dowager Cixi agreed to be convicted of "Treason" and change the beheading to "permanent imprisonment". Zhang Rong was detained in Tianjin model prison. His sister Zhang Gui often visited Tianjin and paid a lot of money to the mother-in-law of warden Wang Zhang. Wang Zhang was a chivalrous man who once participated in the Boxer Rebellion and had a strong sense of patriotism. In the summer of 1908, Wang Zhang helped Zhang Rong escape from prison, and they fled to Japan together. Zhang Rong met Sun Yat sen in Japan, joined the alliance, and made contact with the Northeast alliance. Soon he was admitted to the Japanese Sergeant school and studied military affairs in the same school as his cousin Zhang Huan. Zhang Huan advised him to give up the revolution and pursue his official career. Zhang Rong refused his advice, as always. After graduation, he returned to the northeast and shouldered the revolutionary task entrusted by Sun Yat Sen. he planned and promoted the revolution together with Wu Luzhen, Zhang Shaozeng and Lantian Wei, who were under the control of the new army. After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, he actively ran between the Mukden new army and the revolutionaries, instigated the independence of the three eastern provinces and supported Wuhan. He made outstanding contributions in the process of opposing feudal monarchy and was the pioneer of democratic revolution in Northeast China. On October 10, 1911, the first uprising of the 1911 Revolution broke out in Wuchang. The three eastern provinces times and Shengjing Times published news about the uprising. In late October, Zhang Rong organized hundreds of revolutionaries, such as Zhang Genren, Liu Danian, and Shang Zhen, to gather in the provincial capital of Fengtian, set up secret organs in the affiliated area of the South Manchurian Railway, and conspired to respond to the Wuchang Uprising. In the first ten days of November 1911, the revolutionaries elected LAN Tianwei as the governor of the foreign revolutionary army, and Zhang Rong as the governor and commander-in-chief of Fengtian province. Wu Jinglian, director of the Advisory Bureau, is the director of the Civil Affairs Department of Fengtian province. On November 6, 1911, Zhang Rong once again held a meeting with the second member of the revolutionary party in the new army, such as the alliance, the blue sky, and so on. He planned to expel Zhao Erxun, the general of the Qing government in Shengjing, and declared the independence of Mukden. That night, Li Hexiang, commander of the Blue Division, told Zhao. As early as shortly after the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Zhao Erxun secretly met with Japanese consul Koizumi and begged for help in suppressing the possible revolutionary movement. Japanese Foreign Minister yasuya Uchida telegraphed the consul that the Japanese government should not participate in the activities of exerting pressure on the revolutionaries in the service of the Qing government. After that, the Russian banks of Yokohama and XUNDAO borrowed 5 million yuan from Japan. On November 7, 1911, when Zhao Erxun learned that the new army was conspiring with lantianwei and Zhang Rong to revolt, he was terrified. On the one hand, he telegraphed all circles in Fengtian province to seek the situation of independence, and asked the Qing government for countermeasures; on the other hand, he ordered Wu Junsheng, the commander of the rear patrol Battalion (who was stationed in Liaoyang at that time), to move his headquarters into Shenyang. At this time, Zhang zuolin, the commander of the front patrol battalion, had defeated Tao Shengtao, the Mongolian uprising army in Taonan. He ordered seven infantry battalions under his command to leave Taonan immediately and rush back to Mukden in the starry night. Forced by the situation, Zhao Erxun not only did not blame Zhang zuolin for his "unauthorized action", but also rewarded him. On November 10, Zhang zuolin was appointed as the general office of the provincial business office. By this time, the army under Zhang zuolin's command had reached as many as 15 battalions. When Zhao Erxun had Zhang zuolin, his waist immediately hardened, and he asked to cancel the official post of the second alliance of lantianwei. On the next day, the Advisory Board of Fengtian held a meeting of representatives of various groups, planned to set up a Security Council, forced Zhao Erxun to enter the pass, and realized the independence of Fengtian. On the 12th, representatives of the consultative Bureau and various groups continued to meet. However, because lantianwei had been deprived of military power, the second mixed Association failed to act according to the advance deployment of the revolutionaries, and the venue was controlled by Zhang zuolin's reactionary forces. The outcome of the meeting was that the constitutional monarchy was dominant. Zhao Erxun was elected president of the Security Council, Yuan Jinkai as chief Councillor, and Wu Jinglian, Wu Xiangzhen and Zhang Rong as vice presidents. After the meeting, the constitution of the Mukden national security association was published. Zhang Rong did not take office because the security guard would be controlled by the reactionary forces. When Zhang Rong and lantianwei saw that the situation was changing so fast, they agreed to hold a meeting at lantianwei's headquarters in Beidaying. Tian Youheng and Wu Jinglian sent representatives of Lu Dachang and several senior officers of the second mixed society to attend the meeting. At the meeting, it was decided to take military action, first to occupy the ordnance Bureau and the governor's office, and then the Council, together with local organizations, would promote the governor to declare independence. After the meeting, Nie Ruqing, the second party chief, told Zhao Erxun. On November 15, 1911, the Qing government agreed to Zhao Erxun's request and abolished lantianwei's official post of the association. Zhao Erxun forced lantianwei to leave by sending him to the southeast provinces for investigation. Wu Jinglian was also appointed as the representative to accompany Lantian to leave Mukden. After being forced to leave, the revolutionary party in Mukden lost its core. In order to organize and lead the revolutionary forces, Zhang Rong organized the revolutionaries to set up the "United Progressive Association" to "establish the United common regime of Manchu and Han". President Zhang Rong, vice president Liu Danian, Zhang Genren and Li dehu. At that time, the armed forces of the reactionary rulers were concentrated in the provincial capitals, including Nie Ruqing and Zhang zuolin's patrolling and Defending Forces, Jin Shoushan's guerrillas, Wu Qingtong's vanguard and Wu Xiangzhen's 35th Association. In view of this situation, it is impossible to launch an uprising in the provincial capital. On the one hand, it sent Zhang Rong to negotiate with Zhao Erxun on behalf of Jijin society; on the other hand, it sent its members to organize armed uprisings in order to contain the provincial capital. Gu Renyi and Gu renbang, the leaders of Fuzhou United Village Association, negotiated with Zhang Rong about the uprising. After they returned home, they contacted Zhuanghe county to protest

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Rong