Xing Dong
Xing Dong
Xing Dong (1551-1612), whose name is Ziyuan, knows me by name. He ate Miansheng and Fangshan daomin by name. Later, he came to qinjiyuan mountain master and Shizun by name of laiqinshizi.
Linyi (Dezhou, Shandong) was a calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.
In the second year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, he was a Jinshi official and went to Shaoqing of Taipu temple in Shaanxi Province. Good at painting, able to write poetry, calligraphy, calligraphy is valued at home and abroad. Together with Dong Qichang, Mi Wanzhong and Zhang ruitu, they are called "four masters of the late Ming Dynasty".
Life of the characters
Xing Dong was born in 1551 AD and died in 1612 ad. he was born in Wanliu village of Linyi County (now xingliuxing village of Linyi town) in the 30th year of Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. At the age of seven, Xing Dong was able to write big and lively books; at the age of thirteen, he wrote regular script of Yayi (Wang Chong); at the age of fourteen, he had a large collection of books. When governor Zou arrived in Jinan, he saw Xing dongkai's calligraphy and said, "this calligraphy has the style of an older generation. It's a talent in the world." He was called to study in Luoyuan Academy in Jinan, and it was said that Qi Zhongmei talks. He was admitted to Bagong at the age of 18. In 1570, he went to Beijing in response to the imperial edict. He made friends with scholars all over the world and learned more and more. He was admitted to Beijing Weiju. In the second year of Wanli (1574), Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty was a Jinshi. In 1575, he was appointed as the magistrate of Nangong. In the 11th year of Wanli (1583), he was promoted to Huguang in 1584 and Shaoqing of Taipu temple in Shaanxi in 1586. In May of the same year, he resigned from office and returned to his hometown. He built 26 famous "Shuo garden" such as the bird house, where he studied for 26 years. The Xing and Dong families spent a lot of money to build the "laiqinguan" in the ancient ploughman, reducing production and serving guests, which led to the decline of their family. He is good at poetry and prose, especially in calligraphy and painting. He is sometimes called "North Xing and South Dong", and also known as Xing, Zhang (ruitu), mi (Wanzhong) and Dong (Qichang). Shi Xiaoxian of the Ming Dynasty said in the collection of quotations from laiqinguan that "the various styles of Dong's calligraphy, such as Zhang, Huai, Liu, Suo, Yu, MI, Chu and Zhao, are large-scale and aggressive."
Experience of learning books
The process of learning calligraphy in Xing and Dong dynasties can be divided into three periods: early period, middle period and late period.
early stage
From the age of seven, he was able to write a Book of brocade to the second year of Wanli, which was from regular script to the beginning of cursive script. In the era of the imperial examination, it is inconceivable that we should not make any efforts in the "Pavilion style" at the beginning, which is illustrated from the beginning. However, Xing and Dong were very talented. At the age of only 13, they mastered Wang Yayi's regular script, which shocked the governor Zou. At the same time contact Zhao Mengfu cursive. However, Xing Dong's study of the three people's book is to see their advantages and disadvantages at the same time. This can be seen from his postscript. For example, the title of Wang Yayi's ink says: "Wang Lvji ' Wang Chong thought that there was still room for development, but he died before he reached the ideal. In the article "calligraphy translation of ancient and modern celebrities", it is said that "Zhao Wenmin, a generation of Qing Dynasty scholars, was working hard and did nothing. The cursive script is only vulgar, and if it is more popular, it means that Xi offered it to the forest. " I'm afraid that I was attracted by their advantages at the beginning, but I didn't find their shortcomings until I had a good command of them. These postscripts may have been supplemented later. Then he went to Beijing in response to the imperial edict and made friends with scholars from all over the world. He had a broad vision and was admitted to jingweiju. He was granted Jinshi's family background four years later and knew Nangong the next year. The change of life structure is the preparatory stage for his transition to the second period in calligraphy. He was twenty-four years old.
metaphase
From Nangong to Wanli, his father died at the age of 52. This period is in its prime. Li Nangong Ren, promoted censor, patrolled Hedong, followed Sanwu, supervised Liangguang, got "shiqitie", "Qingshuitang tie", promoted Taifu, resigned Guili, Ying "Juyuan", engraved "laiqinguantie", linerwang, gongzhangcao. All these things were accomplished in this period. Among his calligraphy activities, this period is the longest, the most successful, the most handed down works and the most influential period in society. During this period, in order to improve his calligraphy system, he mainly focused on Zhong Suo and ER Wang, and explored all over Shiyu, Chu, MI, Tu, and zhencaoli Zhuan to enrich himself. And the king is the main one. He realized that he had to work on Zhang Cao. It can be seen from his ode to the master: "Zhang Fa Yu knows how to do it, but he doesn't have a hundred days' experience. If you want to immigrate to Xizhai in the next spring, your next ambition is to paint ink on willow leaves. " Later generations rated it as "late refined Zhangcao". He was most proud of Linwang, who was different from his family. He tried to be loyal to the original and contributed to refining and purifying the book. He succeeded in learning from the second king and was recognized by experts. Gao Xian, a historian of the Ming Dynasty, commented that Mr. Wang had "all kinds of calligraphic styles... But he knew what he meant, especially the king of Jin. He was behind the right army, and he had the style of" dragon leaping and tiger lying ". Try to take the wonderful ink of linchi, which is mixed with other famous calligraphy, and do not know who is ancient. " Liu Chongqing of Donglai thinks: "sir... The book pursues the king of Zhong, a wave of meticulous work, there was Yishao before, today or Liqiu." Zhang Xin in the title Xing Lin right army "frost and cold tie" said: "Mr. technology to the end of the year, deification vertical and horizontal, straight and Shanyin sub seat." In this period, besides linchi, Xing Dong's greatest contribution was to engrave the laiqinguantie, the public law books of Ming Dynasty, mainly the king. Xing Dong knew that in order to carry forward Wang Shu, he had to remove the false and retain the true, remove the coarse and extract the fine from the handed down Wang Shu. For example, in the book review of the right army of Chunhua Pavilion and the postscript of Chunhua Pavilion, we have made a very detailed identification and evaluation, and pointed out one by one that these collections and evaluations are still the reference materials for the study of Wang Shu. On this basis, Xing Dong personally selected and engraved the "Lai Qin Guan tie", and invited the famous engraver Wu Yingqi and his son in Suzhou to engrave it carefully, which became one of the famous Cong tie handed down from generation to generation. The post received a total of eight sub posts. There are three kinds of sutras (Dingwu edition, Chu suiliang edition and Zhao Mengfu's temporary Edition), ode to Chushi and Xiyuan collection. Among them, shiqitie and qingningtangtie are the most important and influential. Xing and Dong got Wu tingzang's hard yellow "Seventeen stickers" in the Wu Dynasty (Wang Shu of Qing Dynasty said in "on the book left over language" that "the ink of Tang Dynasty is copied, and Xing Ziyuan's family is stored in Wanli period"; Wang Yuchi speculated that Xing and Dong goumo brought it back). In 1592, stone carving came to the bird hall. This is the first time that the Ming Dynasty used hard yellow ink to write on the stone. Therefore, Xing Dong said, "the seventeen stickers of my family are red stickers in the whole world." he also postscript: "the seven stickers of Tang Dynasty are empty and leisurely. They are like the fingers of the right army and the eyebrows of the right army. I can only trace my hair. The cover is close to the calligraphy of Linjin people, and most of them are ripe and fat. But this pavilion is full of flesh and bones, with a little dust under Hualiu's feet. It's not like thunder and hail with four hooves, and huang'e pours on people. After reading more than one hundred copies of 17 stickers, Wang Shu thought that Lai Qin Guan was the first one in the world. In the handed down version of seventeen stickers, the prestige is very high. The Xing engraving of Qing Dynasty Tang tie is an optional one. Those who were referred to as fake posts by Mi Fu and Huang Bosi did not choose to copy them. Xing Ba said: "selling precipitous ring Jie, living in the dense, all Wang's carving, all in the downwind." In a word, Xing Dong meticulously engraved "Lai Qin Guan tie", which contributed to the purification and refinement of Wang Shu.
advanced
From the 31st year of Wanli to the 40th year of Wanli. In calligraphy, it was a period in which he got rid of the influence of his predecessors, formed his personal appearance and was free and easy. The representative works of this period, in addition to the above mentioned "frost and cold paste" by Zhang Xin Shangshi's linyoujun, are also the masterpieces written for his mentor in the 37th year of Wanli (1609). Ren Yue postscript said: "the word pearl jade, pure and easy can never reach, sir calligraphy, this is to carry on!" Then there is the sixty year old book in small regular script "Xiyuan elegant collection". Around the 33rd year of Wanli, he and his friend Zhao mengbai of Gaoxian County, Hebei Province wrote more than 40 papers and also wrote masterpieces. The ink is now kept in Changchun Museum.
In the late years of Xing Dong, his disciples and people with knowledge in the countryside all engraved his handwriting, which was different from the "Lai Qin Guan tie" of Xing Dong, and they all called it "Lai Qin Guan Zhen Ji". His younger sister Cijing engraved the wood board of "the true work of the bird Museum in Zhilan room" and the original stone of "the bird Museum paste", all of which are preserved in the "Xing Dong Memorial Hall". Zhang Xin, a member of the sect, also engraved "the true story of laiqinguan". I don't know if it exists today. It is worth mentioning that Wang qiarei, a native and a member of the Ministry of war, carved the "authentic works of laiqinguan" with special precision. Engraved by Wu Shiduan of Suzhou, it was completed in six years. In the second year of Chongzhen, Wang Qia was falsely jailed. In the third year (1630), he died in prison. Twelve years after the completion of the project, his family was ruined. His descendants used "Zhuti Shi Liuzhi stone in the Dongguan pledge storehouse (pawnshop) of Linyi, and Xing Dongzi's son-in-law, Shiling Shigao, contributed more than half of the money before the moment. After hearing of the redemption, he became the pan's collection of Leling, which is now kept in the Leling cultural center.".
Artistic achievements
Achievements in poetry and prose
The poems of Xing and Dong came and went to Li, Du, Wang and Cen, and they were "high and elegant, and they were often used clumsily.". In Tang Dynasty, the ancient style of wuqiyan was similar to that of Han and Wei dynasties, such as pingwoge, which is quite strong in Jian'an. After Yu scale, Zi was willing to be prosperous, which could be regarded as a generation of CI. Huang Kezan, a friend of Jinjiang, said: "when I was in harmony with (Ziyuan), every poem came to me, and I said to myself:" there are good sentences here. "If Yin Xiyu saw Mrs. Xing, she felt that it was not as good as her.". Ziyuan has more than 500 poems, which are also included in the complete collection.
Painting achievement
In painting, "I occasionally write about rolling stones, shacao, Changsong and Xiuzhu, and play with them. Luo Luo can see that they are pure and elegant, mostly imitating Shuming's and Yuanzhang's brushwork." I don't think I'm good at it, but I'm a little comfortable, but I'm also generous. However, his appreciation and understanding of painting shows his cultivation and taste, which can be seen in his postscript to some famous paintings. Such as "title Zhao Zi'ang ink bamboo", "title Shen Shi Tian painting" and so on. And its
Chinese PinYin : Xing Dong
Xing Dong
