Fan Zidong

Fan Zidong

Fan Zidong (1879-1954) was named Ningji, with the word Zidong, followed by the word line. At the end of Qing Dynasty, xiyingzhai, Dongxiang, Qianzhou (now xiyingzhai, Lingyuan Township, Qianxian county) was a native.

Fan Zidong is a famous dramatist of Qin opera. As one of the founders of Yisu society, he has written 68 large and small plays, such as three drops of blood, summer palace and Xinhua dream, since the establishment of Xi'an Yisu society in 1912.

Personal experience

Fan Ningji was born in xiyingzhai village, Lingyuan Township, Qianxian County, a scholarly family of farming and reading. Fan Zidong can read at the age of five, read ancient poems at the age of nine, and read classics and history at the age of eight or nine. When he was 9 years old, in May, the hail was as big as an egg, and he composed a song: "ice cream in summer, eggs in the air.". Heaven is unpredictable. People say that goblins are sent. " The meaning is fresh, childlike and cute. At the age of 15, the five character poetry has become a chapter. Every time I study poetry and composition, I am unconventional and unconventional. When he was 17 years old, his knowledge increased greatly. Every time he created, his time was marked with a new meaning. He didn't follow the same pattern. He was liked by his father and thought that he was a great tool. From then on, his father no longer imposed strict supervision and restrictions on his homework, because he had to browse the books at home. At that time, the atmosphere was closed. Apart from Eight Legged essays, most of the students did not know much about the classics and history anthology. Fan Zidong read a lot and wrote a lot of articles. His works of rhymes and Fu and ancient and modern style poems were praised by the township school. He was known as a "talented man" for a time.

Guangxu 22nd year (1896) spring, Shaanxi Guanzhong epidemic, his family infected with the epidemic, his father was the heaviest, bedridden, died on April 10. After his father's death, his family declined. Fan Zidong was 19 years old, so he dropped out of school in poverty to work in agriculture. He is good at farming and can do all kinds of difficult farm work. In his busy physical work, fan Zidong was eager to learn and make progress. He was once under the guidance of Mr. Fan Qingli and kept on learning. In winter, I go to bed every night, get up at dawn and study hard. There is a poem chanting the bitter study in winter: "the pen is frozen and unyielding, the furnace is still cold, the cold power is getting colder and colder, and the bone of the poem is very clear." He not only studied Classics and history, but also had a special interest in mathematics. At that time, scholars paid more attention to fame and fame than mathematics. He suffered from no guidance. He once said with emotion: "scholars are not practical, that is to say, they are not as good as businessmen. How can they rank first among the four people? In ancient schools, they attach equal importance to six arts, but now they don't know rites and music. If they can't shoot, they can be called not martial arts. If they can't understand mathematics any more, they will be real bastards." At that time, there were crooked carpenters in the village, who often calculated land for the village. Mr. Wang took him as his teacher and bought four volumes of mathematical Enlightenment on the street. He learned abacus and penmanship, and figured it out by himself.

In 1897, the trend of reform and reform rose, and western new books were translated into China. Because of poverty, he could not afford to buy them. He often borrowed them from his friends and extensively studied international politics and natural science. Therefore, he accepted the influence of the democratic thought and thought that "if the eight shares are not abolished, China will not prosper.". He often criticizes current malpractices and propagates innovation.

In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), in the early morning of successive years in Shaanxi, more than 2 million people died of starvation. After the disaster, fan Zidong was forced to make a living. He spent only nine yuan a year in a rich family. He lived in the family hall to teach his apprentices. He got Mai's foster mother. He taught and learned at the same time. During the reform of Qing Dynasty, Sanyuan Hongdao college was founded in Shaanxi Province, with complete instruments and books, and most of the teachers' ideas improved. At that time, Shaanxi scholars and political envoys came to Qianzhou and gathered scholars from Qixie County of Qianzhou and Binzhou for a general examination. Fan Zidong was 25 years old at that time, and he was selected into Sanyuan Hongdao college with the best result in the general examination. His examination papers spread like wildfire with excellent ones, competing to be copied. At that time, he wrote a couplet to ridicule himself: "seven scraps of a scholar, nine strings of money throughout the year." After entering the University, he gave up his official career and focused on science. He not only studied algebra, but also learned differential, integral and other advanced mathematics.

In 1904, fan Zidong was forced to stay in the family school of Yang Pingxuan, Xiwang village, Xingping county. With an annual salary of 50 yuan, I have to pay off my family's debts. In September of the next year, students Yang Shuyun and Yang Tiyun were admitted to Hongdao college. He also left for further study.

In 1906, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu was promoted. Someone suggested to the Qing government that the capital of China was too close to the sea, so it was urgent to move the capital. The proposition of Shengyun official class is: "since the Jin, yuan and Ming Dynasties, Yanjing has been the capital of China for hundreds of years. Recently, it has been said that the capital city is near the sea. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Yanjing's capital construction, and whether it should be relocated? All the scholars have a long history of history, and there is no lack of insight. There is no need to be a little secretive about their respective theories, so as to determine the country's policy. " Fan Zidong's contribution to the ancient times and his comments on the present are more than a thousand words. In conclusion, he said, "before the Han and Tang Dynasties, China's foreign invasion was in the northwest, so the capital was in Chang'an, that is, it was in the northwest. After the yuan and Ming Dynasties, China's foreign invasion was in the northeast, so the capital was in Peiping, which also occupied the northeast. Once the capital is moved, it will take away my Qi and show me weakness. I'm afraid that if I step back, I will go further. Whoo! If Zhou didn't give up FengHao, how could the dog army go deep into the mainland? If song insisted on Bianliang, how could Nuzhen go to the Central Plains? If there is a proposal to move the capital, I'm afraid to look back on the present as well as the past. " The examiner commented on the paper: "if you have a clear understanding of the current situation and the overall situation, how can those who do not care about state affairs say a word?" Taking the first place in the super class, he folded the essence of the text to the imperial court to discuss the move of the capital.

In 1906, fan Zidong graduated from Hongdao school with the first place of the best. Then he worked as a teacher of natural history, physics and chemistry in Xi'an Fu middle school, and also as a teacher of Chinese in jianben primary school. He devoted himself to teaching and was deeply respected by students.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, imperialism carved up China, and China became a semi colonial and semi feudal country. Domestic and foreign troubles are pouring in, and fan Zidong is determined to reform to save the dying. In 1910, introduced by Jiao Yujing and Jing Wumu, pioneers of Shaanxi democratic revolution, he joined the alliance and became one of the leaders of Guanzhong District. After joining the league, he went back to Qianxian county to serve as the headmaster of the county run primary and secondary schools, and engaged in active activities with Wu Xizhen, a member of the alliance, to contact comrades and organize forces to prepare for the armed revolution.

In 1911, when the revolution of 1911 broke out, fan Zidong resolutely abandoned his religion and joined the revolutionary army. He and Zhao Shian of the county were ordered to be Prefects. Mr. Wang also serves as the staff officer of the Western recruitment mission. At that time, Zhang Yunshan, an envoy of the West Road, was confronting Shengyun, governor of the Qing Dynasty, in Qianzhou. On the one hand, he was in charge of state affairs, on the other hand, he was involved in military affairs. He had a stalemate with Shengyun for four months.

After the abdication of the Qing emperor, Mr. Fan was dismissed and returned to the province to teach in Xi'an jianben school. The revolution of 1911 overthrew the feudal rule of Qing Dynasty, but the remaining poison of feudal thought is still deeply rooted for more than 2000 years. Most of the popular dramas at that time were works of superstition and absurdity, and some obscene words could not be ignored. Besides teaching, fan Zidong devoted himself to the research of yuan and Ming Zaju and was interested in the reform of drama. In 1912, he began to work with sun Zhiyu to improve the society

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), Yuan Shikai openly stole the country, restored the monarchy, and changed the name of the Republic of China to the first year of Hongxian. The Shaanxi Democratic Party conspired to denounce yuan, and fan Zidong applied for the title of "governor"; Shaanxi went to Beijing, where he took part in Ding's struggle against Lu Jianzhang, the governor of Shaanxi Province, and wrote criminal materials accusing Yuan Shikai's agent in Shaanxi. After nearly a year's exile in Beijing, he witnessed Yuan Shikai's various crimes of becoming emperor. He was very angry and returned to Shaanxi at the end of the year. Then he took part in the anti yuan struggle in Shaanxi. At that time, Wu Xizhen set up a tree in Wufeng mountain of Qian county to beg yuan Zhizhi, and fan Zidong wrote hard for him to beg yuan Xiwen. At the same time, he wrote a large-scale Qin opera "yujingtai" to satirize the past and express his feelings for the country.

In 1917, fan Zidong was appointed as the governor of Wugong County. Although he was concerned about Tang zhiliu, he was not good at administration. After a short period of time, he abandoned his post and returned to Xi'an jianben school.

Fan Zidong is committed to education, aiming at developing the wisdom of the people and turning jianben primary school into a secondary school. In 1926, Henan warlord Liu Zhenhua besieged Xi'an for eight months. In order to keep the teachers, students and family members from starving to death, he was heavily in debt and the school was forced to close down. This is a great blow to him. In a rage, fan Zidong was insane and almost died. After the illness, he lived in poverty and kept his ambition, and masturbated by writing books. In order to enlighten the public and fight against imperialism and feudalism, fan Zidong took the post of director and chief judge of Yisu society and devoted himself to the cause of drama creation. When the imperialist powers divided up China, the national contradictions became more and more acute, and the country was in crisis, fan Zidong resolutely stood on the side of the anti aggression struggle, wrote a large number of plays, profoundly exposed the crimes of capitulating and betraying the country in history, and enthusiastically praised the national heroes. In 1916, he wrote the opera "suwu shepherd" in recognition of national integrity,

In 1927, he wrote a large-scale Qin opera "three confidants" based on the story of the Ming Dynasty's history of fighting against the Qing Dynasty. In the early 1930s, the Japanese imperialists stepped up their aggression against China, and the Kuomintang reactionaries adopted the policy of non resistance, which aroused the great indignation of the people of the whole country. In 1930, fan Zidong wrote the large-scale drama "Gong jinpao", which reflected the anti French war of the Chinese people and the Vietnamese people, praised the Anti Japanese spirit of the people's hero Liu Yongfu, and denounced the unequal treaty of Tianjin;

In 1931, he wrote the Qin opera Summer Palace, which reflected the invasion of the eight countries and denounced the Treaty of shame and ugliness;

In 1933, he wrote Guanzhong academy, which reflected the Opium War, praised Lin Zexu and the Chinese people's struggle against Britain, and denounced the Treaty of Nanjing. When the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japan had been bloody for six years, and the Japanese imperialism had been seriously bruised, in order to advance one country's development

Chinese PinYin : Fan Zi Dong