Pan Guangdan

Pan Guangdan

Pan Guangdan

(August 13, 1899 - June 10, 1967), male, born in Luodian Town, Baoshan County, Jiangsu Province (now Shanghai). word

Zhong ang

, original name

Guangyu

(later, he changed the lower half of the character to Guangdan because of its many strokes)

Baotong

, pseudonym

Guangdan

(see new moon, 1929), quentinpan in the West. Sociologist, Eugenist, ethnologist.

In 1927, he participated in the preparation of crescent bookstore. Besides eugenics, essays on human biology and family problems in China, there are also translations of sexual psychology. Tsinghua is one of the four great philosophers in its centennial history. The other three are ye Qisun, Chen Yinke and Mei Yiqi.

Life of the characters

In 1913, the Jiangsu provincial government sent the information to Tsinghua School in Beijing.

In 1922, he graduated to study in the United States and entered Dartmouth College. In 1924, he received a bachelor's degree; in the same year, he entered the Graduate School of Columbia University and obtained a master's degree. I'm very interested in espionage.

From 1926 to 1952, he was a professor in many universities in Shanghai, Changsha, Kunming and Beijing. He was also the dean of Tsinghua University and Southwest Associated University, the director of the Department of sociology, and the librarian of Tsinghua University. He devoted all his life to the cause of patriotism and democracy and advocated the idea of democracy and freedom. He joined the China Democratic League in 1941 and served successively as the first and second standing committee members and the third member of the Central Committee of the league. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he successively served as a member of the culture and Education Committee of the Government Affairs Council, a member of the terminology unification Committee of the Culture Committee of the Government Affairs Council, and a member of the second, third, and fourth sessions of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

In 1952, with the adjustment of colleges and departments across the country, the discipline of sociology was abolished, and pan Guangdan was transferred to the Central Institute for Nationalities to study the history of ethnic minorities.

He was wrongly classified as a rightist in the anti rightist struggle in 1957. He is one of the five famous rightists (Wu Zelin, pan Guangdan, Huang Xianyao, Wu Wenzao and Fei Xiaotong) in Anthropology and ethnology. One of his "charges" is the so-called "sabotage of ethnic relations". Pan Guangdan and Fei Xiaotong love to take a walk. In the evening, they often see them take a walk outside the school gate. Those pupils who didn't know what was going on vied around, calling the fat man (Mr. Fei) a rightist figure and throwing stones at them. The greater misfortune is still behind. During the "Cultural Revolution", pan Guangdan was raided and criticized. In the hospital, pan Guangdan had become a critically ill patient, but he could not get any treatment. For the sake of dignity, he insisted on returning to his home.

On the evening of June 10, 1967, pan Guangdan died in the arms of Fei Xiaotong, a student.

In 1979, pan Guangdan's rightist problem was vindicated.

Pan Guangdan has been involved in many fields, such as sexual psychology, history of social thought, family system, eugenics, talent studies, genealogy, national history, educational thought and so on.

Thoughts and contributions

The educational circles know little about pan Guangdan, and even less about his educational thoughts. Pan Guangdan studied in the United States in his early years. After returning from his studies, he taught in many universities in Shanghai, Changsha, Kunming, Beijing and other places. In the 1920s and 1930s, among the bright stars and celebrities in China's ideological and cultural circles, pan Guangdan became a brilliant academic leader with his erudite knowledge and unique insight.

Pan Guangdan's thought of general education, which he advocated all his life, is a precious spiritual heritage left to posterity. When we have gone through the detour of professional education for nearly 50 years and feel the decline of national humanistic quality caused by this detour, we should bring up pan Guangdan again, review the thought of this educator who combines the wisdom of a scientist with the literary talent of a writer, and have a new understanding His effective exploration of "giving full play to the basic spirit of Chinese Confucianism and making use of modern scientific knowledge to seek a way for human beings to live and work harmoniously" (Fei Xiaotong's words) is of great benefit to the contemporary Chinese educational circles which are calling for general education and humanistic care.

Academic achievements

Pan Guangdan is an unavoidable figure in the study of modern education in China. In the history of modern education in China, he was one of the first educators to discover the disadvantages of professional education and put forward the idea of general education. His most distinctive contribution to education is to put forward the way of "Wei Yu", which may be the earliest successful example of combining traditional cultural spirit with western advanced scientific knowledge in Chinese academic circles since Yan Fu.

Main works

Feng Xiaoqing

Problems of Chinese family

A comparative study of Japanese and German nationality

Reading problems

Distribution, transplantation and heredity of painters

A study of the consanguinity of Chinese actors

Talents in modern Suzhou

Famous families of Jiaxing in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Genealogy

Introduction to eugenics

Humanistic view of history

National characteristics and national health

Eugenics and challenges

The road to freedom

On the crime of Political Science

Principles of eugenics

A visit to land reform in southern Jiangsu

Some historical problems of Jews in China -- Chinese Jews in Kaifeng

Tujia in northwestern Hunan and ancient Ba people

In addition, he translated "sexual psychology" and so on. Henry Havelock Ellis (1859-1939), the original author of sexual psychology, is as famous as Freud in sexual psychology.

Educational thought

Rereading pan Guangdan

Reread pan Guangdan's works on education before 1949, review his educational thoughts formed in the 1930s and 1940s, reappear the modern significance of Pan Guangdan's educational theory, and reinterpret those things with permanent value that pan Guangdan abides by and practices in education.

Why did modern China have a bad tendency of educational technicalization?

Pan Guangdan clearly pointed out that education must be aimed at everyone, and must be carried out on everyone. The main purpose of education is to complete a person, the biggest purpose of education is to promote the development of personality, and the ultimate goal of education is to let the educated complete their "self", push themselves to a "perfect" state, and become a "perfect person". Only after completing the education of human beings can experts become complete professionals in the sense of "human beings", otherwise they can only be excellent tools.

As an outstanding educator, pan Guangdan didn't stop at the summary of modern Chinese education for the youth and the country. In his works, he further answered the questions that people who care about education may ask after reading his summary of modern Chinese Education: why does modern Chinese education deviate from the fundamental principle of comprehensive cultivation of people? Why is there a bad tendency of specialization and technicalization of education?

Pan Guangdan found that social science, which should be based on human beings, does not take human beings as the object of study. Society seems to have become a new noumenon, so social science has become the essence from society to society, and it has become empty talk. As a kind of social science education, its starting point and object can not be without error. So education has become "social education", "the purpose of education is social", "education must meet the needs of society" - these statements sound quite high sounding at first, but pan Guangdan pointed out that it is these high sounding statements and practices that lead education to the wrong path of specialization and technicalization. In the countries of autocratic regime, the specialization and technicalization of education is a common phenomenon. However, it should also be noted that in the immature society of market economy, although there is no totalitarian rule, there will be specialization and technicalization of education. This is the reason why the specter left by the long period of totalitarian rule still influences people's ideas and behaviors. It is the result that people who lack thinking will only act from the immediate interests. The market needs professional and technical talents, and people eager for quick success and instant benefits can't wait for the educated to become talents as soon as possible. Therefore, under the guidance of the market and the attraction of people's needs, schools are keen on specialized and technical rapid education, which is also a kind of Education to meet the "social needs". However, "social education" at this time has changed from training slaves for totalitarian rulers to training slaves for money. Rather, it is not pan Guangdan's education of cultivating "sound and complete people".

What is "human" education?

Let the educated learn to distinguish between right and wrong, so that this discrimination is not limited to scientists and philosophers; learn to distinguish good from evil, honor and disgrace, so that this discrimination is not limited to politicians and social activists; learn the way to distinguish between interests and choices, so that this discrimination is not limited to businessmen and entrepreneurs; learn the ability to appreciate beauty and ugliness, so that this aesthetic ability is not limited to writers and scholars artist. From "self seeking" to "self contentment", it is natural.

What is human education? This question runs through almost all of Pan Guangdan's works. Let's see how pan Guangdan "answers" this question

Pan Guangdan thinks that human education is "free education", with "self" as the object. Free education is not "received" and should not be "given". Free education is "self seeking", and teachers should only have one responsibility, that is, to assist young people in the process of self seeking, so that self seeking comes first and self satisfaction comes later. Generally speaking, those who can really ask for themselves will be able to be complacent, while those who can't can't. Pan Jingyi emphasizes that only in this way can he enter into the state of "free education" and "real interest in learning". The so-called "self seeking" to "self contentment" is a matter of course

Chinese PinYin : Pan Guang Dan