Yin Zhen

Yin Zhen

Yin Zhen (79-162), who was born in Wulian County in Eastern Han Dynasty (now in Zheng'an of Guizhou), is a famous Confucian, writer, educator and calligrapher who first came out of the mountains and inquired about the culture of Central Plains. He once held the posts of Shangshu Chenglang and Jingzhou Cishi.

Yin Daozhen is the disseminator of Han culture in Guizhou and the pioneer of Han culture education in Southwest China. He has been respected by people for thousands of years. The three provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou all have the remains of their schools, and the sacrificial temples are full of incense. As a pioneer of Guizhou's culture and education, Yin Zhen's spirit of unwilling to lag behind, striving for self-improvement, loving his hometown and repaying his hometown has become a model of Guizhou scholars.

Life of the characters

Learning from the Central Plains in the North

Yin Zhen was born in 79 A.D. (the fourth year of emperor Zhang Jian's junior high school). She was born into a rich family and had little dandy habits. She was intelligent and studious since childhood.

In the 11th year of emperor he Yongyuan (A.D. 99), when Yin Zhen was 20 years old, she had a good foundation in her studies. She lived in the wilderness, knew etiquette and righteousness, and had a lofty heart. She traveled thousands of miles to Runan (now Henan), went to Luoyang, the capital, to study, and became a Confucian master by worshiping Xu Shen, a famous Confucian master and Confucian classics scholar.

Xu Shen, a great master of the five classics, wrote the variant meanings of the five classics, which is known as "unparalleled in the five classics". He is also proficient in philology, and his Shuowen Jiezi is regarded as a classic of Sinology. Xu Shen was moved by Yin Zhen's spirit of studying for thousands of miles and taught him meticulously. Yin Zhen assiduously studied the five classics and received systematic Confucian moral education, which was also reflected in "filial piety", "faithfulness" and "respect". Yin Zhen not only mastered the five classics, but also got the true biography of Shuowen Jiezi.

During the study period, when Xu Shen compiled Shuowen Jiezi, Yin Zhen studied seal script and Li style under the guidance of her teacher. Xu Shen's ShuoWenJieZi collected all kinds of ancient and modern books, Jiandu, tablet inscriptions and Zhongding styles. Yin Zhen studied them carefully and greatly improved her calligraphy skills. She became a famous calligrapher, especially Li Shu. In the Liu Song period of the northern and Southern Dynasties, Wang Min wrote a book named Yin Zhen, which reviews 120 calligraphers in Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Yanyuan quoted the contents of the annals of the written language in the book of FA Shu Yao Lu, which made Yin Zhen pass down as a calligrapher. Yin Zhen's seal script is also included in Guangjin Shiyun mansion, a five volume collection printed in the seventh year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty.

Running and teaching

In A.D. 107, Yin Zhen returned from his northern studies in the Central Plains and set up a school to teach in wulianba. His footprints spread all over Yelang, Wulian, Zhenzhou, nanpingjun, Zhuo and other counties, so the southern region began to learn. He was one of the founders of nanzhong's early education. He was known as "Nanyu Zhixue started from Zhenshi". He had a profound influence on the culture of Southwest China. "If you belong to Yaojiu County, you will be called a pioneer.". Yin Zhen's lecture place is a wooden structure of the courtyard, one vertical and two horizontal, in the shape of "pin". Compared with the ruins of the old Academy in Huguang and other places, it is narrow and simple, which also reflects the lag of the county's social and economic development at that time.

Yin Zhen set up a library to teach apprentices, enlightenment, divided into two stages. The first stage is elementary education. Students learn calligraphy for the purpose of literacy. Tongmeng literacy teaching materials are written in standard small seal script, and rhymes are compiled according to the literary theory, which is easy to memorize. In teaching, literacy and understanding of the meaning are combined, and students can accept some common sense in the process of literacy education. Yin Zhen attaches great importance to the teaching of writing regulations, micro attainments of calligraphy, and the art of calligraphy. She explains the eight styles of writing teaching very seriously, and her students have high attainments in philology and calligraphy. In the second stage, students learn the Analects of Confucius and the book of filial piety, and carry out systematic Confucian moral education. That is to say, "benevolence" as the core and "propriety" as the form of moral norms. "Cultivate ten righteousness to govern seven emotions", and educate people to cultivate and restrain people's seven emotions in happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, evil and desire with the "ten righteousness" of "father's kindness, son's filial piety, brother's kindness, brother's fraternity, husband's righteousness, woman's hearing, Changhui, Youshun, Junren and minister's loyalty".

In the teaching of calligraphy, there are calligraphy lessons, and I learn thousands of words every day. The riverside in front of Wuben hall is where Yinzhen washes his pen and washes his inkstone. He is well-known for his exquisite clerical script, and has many couplets and tombstones. During the period of Wang Cao's lecture, a house was built beside the school, which was specially used for writing.

Yin Zhen ran a school, preached, taught, dispelled doubts and enlightened people in Sangzi, "raised a school and gradually changed its customs.". It made the Nanyi people in the wild land imperceptibly accept the civilization, morality and customs of the Central Plains at that time. Yin Zhen's deeds, words and deeds, filial piety to her parents and brothers, love for her brothers, sisters and nephews, loyalty to their duties, making friends, trustworthiness, and being courteous and kind to the people have been recognized as a model of "filial piety" by local officials and the local party.

Learn from Yingfeng

In the first year of Yongxing (A.D. 153), the scholar Ying Feng was appointed as the prefect of Wuling (today's western Hunan and eastern Guizhou), "prospering the school, lifting the side and changing the customs.". Although Yin Zhen is old and rare, she is full of energy. She went to the nearby teachers to study Tuwei (divination). It is a huge theological system, which has a wide range of contents. It has a close relationship with Shushu Zhanshu, Shenxian Fangji, primitive religion, Confucian Scripture and ancient natural science. The core of it is the mystical thought with Yin Yang five action skeleton and heaven man induction as the main body ）。 Learn to be proficient in "heaven, earth and man".

Become an official after learning classics

Confucianism prevailed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The imperial court established Confucianism as an official school, established a doctor of five classics, employed officials, and tried eight styles. As long as one of the five classics is proficient, one can become an official. The scholars of Han Dynasty have high level of writing and calligraphy attainments, and those with excellent seal script and official script can be regarded as Shangshu history. In order to attract talents to govern the country, the rulers mainly obtained officials by studying Confucian classics. Therefore, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was very popular for the people to set up libraries to pass on the classics. All counties, counties and townships in the country had set up Confucian classics teachers. Many famous Confucian classics masters were born. Some famous scholars passed on the classics from generation to generation, forming the "family law" of the classics and recording thousands of students. Most of them were local county, shouzu and Haozu disciples, because they would be given priority in the examination and development.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, "maocai" and "Xiaolian" were recommended. Yin Zhen was Xu Shen's apprentice and a famous teacher and Confucian. He was not only famous for his noble family, but also had the virtue of enlightenment and filial piety. He had a high reputation and was highly praised by the local Party. Local officials, who were proficient in Confucian classics, were recommended to the imperial court.

Yin shanglang was selected by the imperial court as the governor of Jingzhou. Yin Zhen's rank in Jingzhou is six hundred stones, while his rank in prison is two thousand stone officials. It can be said that Yin Zhen's rank is low and his weight is high. During the period when the governor inspected the prefectures and states with six rules and only acted in accordance with the imperial edict, he was still a supervisor sent by the central government, not a local official. However, the power of the governor was very heavy, and he could control the local two thousand chief officials. In fact, he was very easy to overstep his power. In addition, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the class contradictions were sharp. In order to strengthen the local control and suppress the peasant uprising, the governor was gradually given six extra powers, including the right to lead the army, the right to elect and carve rules. So the censor became the chief executive of the local authority. "In the prosperity of the Han Dynasty, the imperial court attached great importance to the virtuous and virtuous literati, and those who were familiar with the classics and arts were able to work with the bus, or as the prime minister, or as an official to two thousand stones. Therefore, Confucianism was used to decorate their official administration, so they became prosperous. Yin Zhen not only had the Confucian cultivation of "self-cultivation, regulating the family, governing the country and pacifying the world", but also had the great talent of Confucianism, who became an important official of the Han Dynasty. Ying Feng, Yin Zhen's teacher, also served as a captain of Sili school in the imperial court. Both teachers and students were well-known throughout the country.

Yin Zhengong became famous, but he was old and frail, so he resigned and returned to his hometown. He changed the name of the school to "Wu Ben Tang" and was determined to educate people. In 162 ad (the fifth year of emperor Huan Yanxi), he died of illness and was buried in Wuben hall. He died at the age of 84.

There are records of Yin Zhen in the biographies of the Southwest Barbarians in the later Han Dynasty, the chronicles of Huayang, the chronicles of nanzhong, the chronicles of Pingyi County in Kangxi, and the chronicles of Pingyi County in Guangxu. Yin Zhen, together with Fu Bao, a native of Pingyi, and Yin Gong, a native of Yelang, is known as "a famous scholar in nanzhong". She, together with Sheren and Shenglan, is also known as "three sages of Han Dynasty".

Yin Zhen culture

The main contents of Yinzhen culture are the textual research of Yinzhen's life experience, the research of learning and becoming a Confucian, the influence of running a school and teaching, the research of Yinzhen's "no convergence learning", the excavation of Yinzhen's relics and anecdotes, and the praise of Yinzhen.

Yin Zhen's life experience

Yin Zhen is a descendant of the Yin family among the four powerful families (long, Fu, yin and Dong) in Pingyi County, which is the most convenient way for ancient Yunnan to get in and out of Hunan and Jingzhou during the reign of emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

According to the literature, the famous "big surname" in Guizhou today is the "Haomin" in Shibian from the Central Plains and Bashu. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the great general Wei Qing developed southern Xinjiang. "At that time, he connected with the Southwest Barbarians, with tens of thousands of followers He raised a lot of money from the southwest of the land and became an official of Su County. He accepted the money from the capital "(Shi Huo Zhi, Hanshu). There are long, Fu, Yin, Dong and Xie families in northern Guizhou. The great surnames, except Xie, all came from Shu County, Guanghan and Qianwei (now the Western Sichuan plain and the southern Sichuan area), namely "three Shu". The "three Shu" family name first entered the county.

"In Gongsun's account, the great surnames of long, Fu, Yin, Dong and the meritorious Cao Xie Xiebao lived in the Han Dynasty" (the biography of Southwest Yi in the later Han Dynasty). "Protect the territory", Shuowen: "territory, Xinjiang, one said that the territory is here, but also", the "territory" and "end" of this place are connected. To protect the border is to protect the northern border. In Wang Mang's Tianfeng, Gongsun Shu became the king of Shu. At that time, the big surnames who controlled the situation of Jue opposed the separatist regime of Gongsun Shu. Most of these big surnames were county officials, powerful people, and the "Yihan tribe", namely the army. They maintain

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