Zhou Xicheng

Zhou Xicheng

Zhou Xicheng, named Jibin and Shijie, was born in 1893 in Tongzi. He seldom entered the Mingde school. He was abandoned to play and began to work in the army. After the 1911 incident, he served as Yang Xun's honest guard and led the expedition to Changde. In 1913, Xicheng entered Guizhou Jiangwu Academy.

In 1914, he joined the sixth regiment of Guizhou army as company commander. When the national defense forces prospered, they followed Dai Kan to capture Sichuan and Chengdu. Next year, the Sichuan army will kill Dai Kan, and Xicheng will lead a battalion to break through and return to Guizhou.

brief account of the author's life

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Lu Tao expelled Liu Xianshi and promoted him to the west to become the commander of the battalion. The next year, he was transferred to GUI with Gu Zhenglun. When he wanted to change Xicheng battalion into a guard, Xicheng Nu led his troops back to Tongren and returned to Dou brigade. In the following year, Yuan Zuming stabbed Wang Wenhua to death. Ju Ren felt indignant and wanted to support Wang Bo as the leader of Guizhou. Wang Tianpei, Peng Hanzhang and Zhang Xingwei supported him. Mao Yikuan and Nie Fenggang from Dou also led his troops to yuan. Ju Ren left angrily, and the right to fight with Xu chaoguang. Xi Cheng was on duty in this gap. He forced the camp with military pay and chased the light of the day. At that time, Ju Kangshang, the younger brother of Ju, was in the army. He was afraid to leave. Xi Cheng called Xuanfu. When JuKang returned to the camp, he was killed by Xicheng. Xi chengnai called himself brigade commander and joined the Kuomintang according to the Shi Qingyang Department of Sichuan army. In 1923, the Tang Dynasty carried Liu Xian into Guizhou after Yu, and Yuan Zuming was defeated into Sichuan. In the west, there is a green forest and the northern part of Guizhou. Now Luocheng, a green forest, has three secret links with the Yunnan army. He has turned against Xicheng and captured and killed Xicheng. So Zunyi was chosen. After Yu sent Zhang Ruji to capture Zunyi, Xicheng retreated to Qijiang and lost his loyalty to Yuan Zuming. Zuming knew that he was older than the Sichuan army, but he doubted that Xicheng had invested in Xiong Kewu to promote the commander of the Sichuan army. Soon after, the Sichuan army attacked Chongqing and plundered the Tongyuan Bureau. Already, Zuming and YANGSEN broke through and conquered Wu, and then they went west to Guizhou and settled in Chishui. When he left his post after Yu, Guizhou Province was empty, so he took Zunyi as his hometown. If Bijie was chosen again, it would be the third or fourth Guizhou Province to return to the West. It is called Tongzi system. Yuan Zuming was afraid of it and married him. He appointed Xi Cheng military affairs office and was also the commander of the third division. in 1926, the CPC Central Committee became governor of Guizhou Province. At that time, the Northern Expeditionary Army flourished, and it would not last long since the western part of the country became the northern ocean. The affairs in Guizhou were a little flat, and Xicheng used Tongzi's old friends to accumulate money and grain, rectify the administration of officials, eliminate banditry, and become a big man day by day. Some foreigners offered Chevrolet cars, and xichengnaitong road was between Guiyang and Tongzi, which was called "benefit" by the villagers. Although yuan Zuming was stationed in Sichuan, he was in charge of Guizhou. In May, Zuming was attacked by Yang Sen and Liu Xiang and retreated to northern Guizhou. In the Tang Dynasty, Bo Zhiran was killed by the emperor Qianxi, so he came back to Xiangguang. At that time, Wang Boqun and he Yingqin were very popular with Chiang Kai Shek. Xi Cheng was afraid that he would return to Guizhou and take charge of the government, so he secretly married Li Jishen. Jiang Gong sent Zhang daofan and Li Yizhi to Guiyang to assist Xicheng. Xicheng was displeased and killed him. In the following year, Chiang Kai Shek went to the field, and Xi Cheng thought that he was cheating. He said that Li Jishen said, "they will go to the field next time, or they will be reinstated soon. As a man, Chiang Kai Shek must take revenge. Therefore, it should be arranged as soon as possible. Since the party headquarters of the CPC Central Committee and the provinces concerned, they have to live and die together in order to incline to the public. There is nothing we can do to restore Chiang to his post. " The national government was established in Nanjing. Wang Jingwei left Wuhan with Tang Shengzhi, Gu Mengyu and Chen Gongbo to set up another Central Committee. In the battle between Ning and Han, Tang Shengzhi was defeated. Zhang Fakui welcomed Jingwei to Guangzhou. He was afraid of losing Guangdong, so he got in touch with Jingwei and Fakui and fought against Nanjing. After the West became the capital of China, it established the alliance between Guizhou and Guangxi and stationed envoys to each other, just like the two countries. Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji had a bad relationship with Longyun, and Yunnan Province could take advantage of them in the West. So they joined Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Mi and appointed Mao Guangxiang as commander to attack Yunnan. When the army of Guizhou failed in the battle, a battalion commander named Gu Wanwu surrendered to the enemy and killed 27 members of his family in Xicheng. When Chiang Kai Shek was reinstated, he appointed Xi'an as the commander-in-chief of the ninth Route Army. It also made Li Zhonggong say that the three provinces in Southwest China are all fruitless. Chiang Kai Shek sent Li Shen's troops stationed in Hubei and Guizhou to counter attack Guizhou, which was defeated in the west, and Li Shen threw himself into Longyun. Chiang Kai Shek did not agree with him, so he detained Li Jishen and ordered the princes to do so. Xi chengnai called and said, "Mr. Li rengong has been following junzuo for many years. Today, he was detained because he went to Beijing for a meeting. Even though Jun Tian was intoxicated, his grievances were flying. Justice lies in the people, and how can you defend against Sichuan bandits? " He said generously, "if you succeed, you'll be king. If you fail, you'll be bandit. If you're a man of honor, how can you be the best?"? What's more, when Li rengong is in trouble, the whole nation sympathizes with him. If we don't speak out, how can we be angry? " Not long after that, Chiang Kai Shek attacked GUI and ordered Long Yun, Li Shen and Chen to fight on the border of Yunnan and Guizhou. He also called Xi Cheng and said, "it's urgent. Now the central government is determined to seek GUI, which is imperative. Brother Wang Jibin made a quick decision and sent a telegram to indicate that he would sponsor the Central Committee. Don't hesitate a moment and look forward to a reply. " Xi Chengshen said, "I'm not afraid to threaten my ears with this sword. Kuang Dian army has few divisions. I intend to fight with Hu and Zhang to kill this evil dragon. Then they united with Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou to organize allied forces to beg for thieves in the East, so as to relieve the national calamity. " in 1929, Meng Chun, the commander of Xicheng, fought with the Yunnan army, and his command was quite chaotic. Li took Pan county and Pu'an lightly and attacked Xicheng in Zhenning. Xicheng died of stray bullets at the age of 36. Li Shen, member of the CPC Central Committee, is the chairman of Guizhou Province. after Zhou Xicheng's death, he was extremely prepared for mourning and honor, and the people of the whole province invited him to be buried. On January 20, 1930, the people's Congress of each county was held in Tongzi, and the Zhou Dynasty was buried in the south foot of HuFeng. The top leaders of the national government and the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, such as Chiang Kai Shek, Tan Yankai, he Yingqin, Song Ziwen, Wang Zhengting, Wang Chonghui, Kong Xiangxi, etc., all personally presented portraits and elegiac couplets to praise Zhou. Chiang Kai Shek also appropriated 300 thousand yuan of Silver Ocean for Zhou's funeral and family pension. Chiang Kai Shek wrote a book for Zhou Xicheng's tomb. The central couplet of the book reads: "the number of Qu's fingers, the hero and the envoy are the healthy people in the border area; the father and the old man who stayed in the ancestral temple here thought of the general.". Tan Yankai, the president of the executive yuan of the national government, and he Yingqin, the Minister of military and political affairs, inscribed epitaphs on his calligraphy and seal characters. Together with the provincial officials, they offered sacrifices in the name of the people of the whole province and their subordinate parts, and inscribed elegiac couplets. After the provincial public sacrifice, a large-scale mausoleum and cemetery were built in Rongde mountain, Tongzi County. He built a burial mound where he died in the war. The people were happy to collect money to build their special ancestral hall and set up memorial ceremonies. In the ancestral hall, there were steles donated by almost all the officials of 81 counties and provincial organs in the whole province, which made the forest of Steles spectacular. Zunyi, Pingba and other counties also built special ancestral temples. In the north of Guiyang City (today's fountain), a bronze statue of Zhou was cast by Qian Min Xiang and Chen Jin. The extravagance of the funeral ceremony is rare in Guizhou history.

Anecdotes of characters

In the history of modern Chinese machine-made currency, it is a well-known "Guizhou auto silver coin". This silver coin is the masterpiece of Zhou Xicheng, a warlord who was in charge of Guizhou in the 1920s and 1930s. It is a unique "work" in the history of Chinese finance and currency in the early 20th century. Zhou Xicheng was in power from 1926 to 1929. Due to years of warlord scuffle and traffic congestion, Guizhou was poor. The annual financial revenue of the whole province is only 7 million silver yuan. Apart from military spending, we are already stretched out. At the same time, he also made great efforts in rectifying public order, rectifying finance, establishing industry, developing transportation and so on: he built the first highway in Guizhou; he founded the first machine factory in Guizhou; he bought the first car in Guizhou In 1929, Zhou Xicheng bought the coining machine and established the Guizhou Mint in Hongqiao, the southern suburb of Guiyang city. He imitated the silver and copper coins of the Sichuan military government in order to get rid of the financial difficulties caused by the war. In 1928, the provincial road from Guiyang to Tongzi was completed and opened to traffic. Zhou Xicheng specially ordered Guizhou mint to issue Guizhou automobile silver coins as a memorial. The silver coin is 39 mm in diameter, 26.2 g in weight, 78% - 79% in fineness and 50000 pieces in quantity. On the front is the word "17 years of the Republic of China", in the middle is the word "Guizhou silver coin", in the center is the word "lotus flower", and in the bottom is the word "one circle"; on the back is the word "made by Guizhou provincial government", in the middle is the pattern of a car driving on the grass, and in the bottom is the word "seven dollars and two cents". The grass is composed of 28 grass leaves, implying that the silver coin was minted and issued in 1928; the front wheel of the car has 12 spokes, implying that it is safe, auspicious and prosperous for 12 months of the year. Guizhou auto silver coin is particularly remarkable because it is different from the silver coin in circulation at that time in four aspects: first, it has a secret mark. Most of the silver coins have no secret signs, while the car silver coins hide the secret signs of "Xicheng" in the grass. This is Zhou Xicheng's brilliant point. He not only made a secret record, but also made himself "famous for later generations" in this way. Zhou Xicheng, a powerful military and political figure in Guizhou, did not issue his own portrait coins, which is much more modest than Tang Jiyao, Lu Rongting, Zhang zuolin and other warlords who issued their own portrait coins in the same period. The second is its car design. The first car in Guizhou was a Ford convertible purchased by Zhou Xicheng from Hong Kong. Since there was no highway in Guizhou, the car was disassembled and brought in by people carrying horses. The car design on the silver coin is based on this car. Compared with Guangxu dragon, Daqing dragon and modern silver coins with figures as patterns, it is really unique and popular. The third is the use of two monetary units. It is also the only phenomenon in the silver coins of the Republic of China that the unit of currency "Yuan" is adopted, and the abolished monetary unit of the late Qing Dynasty "seven coins and two cents" is used. This kind of nondescript also reflects that although Zhou Xicheng was enterprising, his feudal brand was still very deep. Fourth, the quality of silver coins is not good

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Xi Cheng