Qin Jinggong

Qin Jinggong

Qin Jinggong

（？ (537 BC), surnamed Ying, formerly known as Shi. During the spring and Autumn period, the monarch of the state of Qin was in power from 576 BC to 537 BC.

Qin Jinggong governed the state of Qin for 39 years, pushing the power of Qin to the Central Plains. His tomb, Qin Gong No.1, is the largest tomb ever excavated in China. It covers an area of 5334 square meters. It was discovered in 1976 in the South command village of Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province.

Qin Jinggong asked Shi Yang who would perish first, and Shi Yang replied that it was Luan. Qin Jinggong sent Bao and Wu to rescue Zheng. In 559 BC, the Duke of mourning of Jin sent Xun Yan to attack the state of Qin, led by Shu sunbao of Lu, Cui Zhu of Qi, Hua Yue of song, Zhong Jiang, Bei Gong Kuo of Wei, Gong sunxu of Zheng, Cao, Ju, Ying, Teng, Xue, Qi and she. When the Allied forces arrived at Jing River, they refused to cross the river. After Shu Xiang met Shu sunbao, Lu and Ju led their troops to cross the river.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Qin Jinggong

（？ (537 BC), surnamed Ying, surnamed Zhao, Mingshi. The son of Duke Huan of Qin.

In the 28th year of Duke Huan of Qin (577 BC), Duke Huan of Qin died and Duke Jing of Qin succeeded to the throne.

In the 13th year of Qin Jinggong (564 BC), Qin Jinggong sent Shi Kai to the state of Chu to ask for reinforcements to attack Jin. Zi Nang persuaded the king of Chu not to send troops because Jin was strong and Qin was weak, but the king of Chu did not listen. In the autumn of the same year, the king of the Communist Party of Chu stationed troops in Wucheng (now the north of Nanyang City in Henan Province) as the reinforcements of the state of Qin. Then the state of Qin attacked the state of Jin. The state of Jin was suffering from famine and was unable to fight back. In retaliation, Duke mourning of Jin sent Xun Luo to attack the state of Qin in the following year.

The battle of oak

In the 15th year of Qin Jinggong (562 BC), the king of Chu led an army to attack the state of Zheng, and sent zinang to the state of Qin for help. Qin Jinggong sent Zhan, a right official, to lead an army to rescue. Zheng Jiangong abandoned his alliance with Jin and made an alliance with Chu. In the same year, Chu and Zheng sent troops to attack song, the ally of Jin, and Jin led the Allied forces to rescue song. Qin Jinggong sent Bao and Wu to rescue Zheng. Bao, the commoner chief, entered the border of Jin first, and the guard of Jin army, Megalobrama amblycephala, relaxed his vigilance because of the lack of Qin soldiers. Shu Changwu crossed the Yellow River from Fu's (now Dali County, Shanxi Province) and attacked Jin's army with Shu Changbao. Qin's army and Jin's army fought in the southwest of Yongji City, Shanxi Province, and Jin's army was defeated.

In 561 B.C., the state of Chu sent Zibao and the state of Qin sent Shuchang Wudi to join forces in Yangliang (now Southeast of Shangqiu City, Henan Province) to attack the state of song. In the same year, the king of the Communist Party of Chu sent Sima Zigeng to the state of Qin to ask questions, in order to thank Qin Jinggong for marrying his daughter to the state of Chu.

Protracted battle

In 559 BC, Duke Jinggong of Qin sent xunyan to attack the state of Qin. After arriving at the Jinghe River, the Allied forces of the princes refused to cross the river. After meeting with Shu sunbao, Shu Xiang of Lu and Ju refused to cross the river The country led the army to cross the river. Under the persuasion of Gongsun Xu and Beigong Kuo, the Allied forces of the princes stationed after crossing the Jinghe River. The people of Qin put poison on the upper reaches of the Jing River, and the Allied forces of the vassals suffered heavy casualties. Under the encouragement of Gongsun Xu, Xun Yan, the commander of the Jin army, ordered to fill up the wells to draw water and demolish the cooking stoves. After arriving at Fulin (today's East Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province), the Allied forces withdrew. Luan Zhen and Shi Yang, the generals of the state of Jin, rushed into the barracks of Qin. Luan Zhen died in the war. Luan bi was angry with Shi Yang for the death of his younger brother Luan Zhen, and Shi Yang was forced to leave the state of Qin.

Qin Jinggong asked Shi Yang who would perish first, and Shi Yang replied that it was Luan. Qin Jinggong said, "is it because of Luan he's arrogance?" Shi Yang replied: "yes, Luan is too arrogant, but I'm afraid the disaster will fall on Luan Ying." Qin Jinggong why he, Shi Yang replied: "Luan Shu's kindness is still among the people, and Luan he accumulated too much resentment. To luanying generation, luanying's virtue has not been accumulated, luanshu generation's virtue has long been consumed, so luanying's death should be in luanying generation. " Qin Jing acknowledged that what Shi Yang said was very insightful, so he asked Shi Yang to return to the state of Jin and asked the Duke of Jin to resume his original position.

Peace talks among the princes

After Jin mourning Gong's death, both Qin and Jin wanted to end the war, so they began peace talks. For this reason, in 549 BC, the Duke of Jin Ping sent han to form an alliance with the state of Qin, and the Duke of Qin Jing also sent his posterity to form an alliance with the state of Jin. However, there were differences between the two sides, and they only agreed to strike a truce without forming an alliance. In 547 BC, the state of Qin sent houzizhen to the state of Jin to form a new alliance. In the early years of this year, the troops of the kingdom of Wu and the kingdom of Chou retreated to fangbei, Henan Province. The Qin Chu allied forces took the opportunity to attack the state of Zheng, defeated the army of Zheng, and fought until Chengwei. The state of Chu captured huangjie and yinviol's father. The state of Chu escorted huangjie back to China and handed yinviol's father over to the Qin army. According to Zichan's instructions, Zitai uncle redeemed yinrong father with gifts.

In 546 BC, the official of the state of song summoned the princes to hold a military alliance and sent envoys to inform the state of Qin, but the state of Qin did not send envoys to join the alliance.

In the 36th year of the Duke of Qin Jing (541 BC), Hou Zizhen, the brother of the Duke of Qin Jing's mother, framed him for being slandered. He was afraid of being killed, so he fled to the state of Jin with a thousand heavy vehicles. The Duke of Jin Ping said, "why do you want to escape when you are so rich?" Hou Zizhen replied, "Qin Jun has no way. I'm afraid of being killed. I want to wait until his successor takes over the throne before I go back."

Death

In the 40th year of Qin Jinggong (537 BC), Qin Jinggong died and was buried in qiulinan. His son Qin aigong succeeded to the throne. In the same year, Hou Zizhen returned to the state of Qin.

Historical evaluation

Hou Zi Zhen (Qin Jing Gong and his mother and brother): "Qin Gong has no way."

Historical records

The fifth volume of historical records

Family members

Grandfather: Ying Chen

Father: Qin HuanGong Ying Rong

Brother: houzizhen

Son: Ying Ji, Duke AI of Qin

Jinggong Mausoleum

Brief introduction of Mausoleum

Qin people, who created the first unified empire of China, have always been particularly attractive. Their history can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty more than 3000 years ago, when the ancestors of the Qin people were still a tribe, nomadic in the vast northwest frontier.

Later, they came to Xianyang. After a cruel war, they finally dominated the Central Plains, destroyed the six countries and unified China. From Qin Xianggong, it lasted more than 600 years through more than 30 generations of rulers. Since the discovery of the terracotta warriors and horses of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty in 1974, archaeologists began to look for traces of the eastward advance of the Qin people. After many setbacks, they finally found the early Qin Gong mausoleum park in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province (Yongcheng, the early capital of Qin Dynasty). The remains of the historical books outline a general route for the Qin people to move eastward, but there has been a lack of archaeological evidence about where they went. The discovery of Yongcheng has brought people a lot of surprises. After all, it has left 250 years of Qin people here. This huge tomb gives archaeologists more hope.

Tomb No.1 of Qin Gong

According to historical records, the state of Qin includes the first emperor of Qin (Ying Zheng), the second emperor of Qin, Hu Hai, and Prince of Qin. There are 36 generations of monarchs, among which Yongcheng (now Fengxiang), the capital of 19 generations, lasted for 294 years. Sanquyuan, located in the west of Yongshui River, was called "Beiyuan" at that time, about 6 kilometers away from Yongcheng, the capital of Qin Dynasty. The terrain here is broad, the trees are luxuriant, and the surface is about 80-100 meters deep from the groundwater level. It is suitable for building large tombs, so it was selected by the rulers of the Qin state as the park of Qin Gong mausoleum.

It has been proved that the park is 3 kilometers wide from north to South and 7 kilometers long from east to west, covering an area of more than 20000 hectares, 180 times larger than the total area of Yin Wang mausoleum in Anyang, Henan Province. The mausoleum area is surrounded by a large moat stretching more than 10 kilometers. Among the 43 large tombs discovered, there are 18 "Zhong" shaped tombs of Qin Gong, 3 "Jia" shaped tombs and some small and medium-sized tombs. They are arranged in the shape of wild goose plumes with their back to the West and face to the East.

Among the "Zhong" shaped tombs, the largest one is the excavated tomb No. 1 of Duke Qin. Its scale is shocking, with a total length of 300 meters, of which the chamber is 60 meters long and 40 meters wide. It is 24.5 meters deep and covers a total area of 5334 square meters. It is 10 times larger than the tomb of the Shang Dynasty king in houjiazhuang, Anyang, Henan, and 20 times larger than the tomb No. 1 of Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan! Looking from one end of the passage, the tomb looks like a deep canyon. As the book of songs yellow bird says, "when you are near a cave, you are afraid of it". It makes people marvel at the depth of the tomb, which fully reflects the economic development, the strength of the country and the labor of slaves at that time.

After ten years of excavation, it was not until 1986 that the top of the main coffin was exposed in the middle of the tomb, and the No. 1 tomb in the mausoleum area appeared in front of people's eyes.

An inscription has been unearthed from the tomb, which records that the royal family of Qin is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor.

Although Qin Gong's tomb No.1 was seriously damaged, more than 3000 precious cultural relics were unearthed. Among them, the most important stone chime engraved with more than 290 seal inscriptions has the words "the son of heaven is happy, Gong Huan is the heir" and "Gaoyang has spirit, and the four sides use Nai". Emperor Zhuanxu, named Gaoyang, is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, which strongly proves that the Qin people belong to the Huaxia nationality, which is consistent with the records in historical records.

In addition, more than 3000 pieces of extremely exquisite gold, jade, iron, stone and bone ware unearthed fully reflect the superb craft level and rich material and cultural life of the Qin people, thus negating the arguments that "the productivity of the Qin state is backward" and "the slavery rule of the Qin state is weak". For us to re understand the history of Qin, provides a very valuable information.

Explore meaning

Constitute the main coffin

Chinese PinYin : Qin Jing Gong