Pei Yingzhang

Pei Yingzhang

Pei Yingzhang (1536-1609) was born in Chengguan, Qingliu County, Tingzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. In the second year of Longqing (1568) of Ming Dynasty, he was a Jinshi. Pei Yingzhang's works include compiling Pu Yu, admonishing Cao, Zhuangzi's words, Zuo chuanzuan, and the collection of lazy cloud's Jushi.

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Pei Yingzhang (1536-1609) was born in Chengguan, Qingliu County, Tingzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. In the second year of Longqing (1568) of Ming Dynasty, he was a Jinshi.

When Pei Yingzhang was appointed as Shaoqing of Taipusi, he was appointed as an envoy to Liao state. After returning to the dynasty, it presented the "anti Liao table", which put forward the idea of garrison and sharpen troops, cultivate politics, protect the common people, and guard against the invasion of Liao state, which was well accepted by the current Dynasty. In the 34th year of Wanli (1606) of the Ming Dynasty, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, and was in the same Dynasty as the prime minister Zhang Juzheng. He upholds justice, dares to present political opinions and is not afraid of power. Pei Yingzhang did not retire until he was old and rare. Shenzong set up a royal banquet for him, and his colleagues bid farewell to him.

Pei Yingzhang died in his hometown on the 4th day of the 37th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. He was 73 years old. Shenzong gave him the title of "Prince Shaobao" and the posthumous title of "Gongjing", and sent officials to bury and worship him. Qiao Chengzhao, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, set up "zhongzaifang" and "yishishang bookstore". Local officials set up ancestral temples for them, offering sacrifices in the spring and Autumn period.

Pei Yingzhang's works include Bian Pu, Gu Yu, Jian Cao, Zhuangzi's pick language, Zuo chuanzuan and so on.

Personal experience

Pei Yingzhang is a native of Chengguan, Qingliu County. Up to now, his former residence "Gongbao Shangshu" is still left. Pei Yuanji, his ancestor, came from Hedong to Fujian and lived in Sanshan. In the Yuan Dynasty, he avoided chaos and moved to Qingliu, where he became a family. In the Ming Dynasty, Yingzhang was the ninth grandson after he came to Fujian. His father's name is long, Yu houqing, ranking third, with a professional background. He has been in business, and has been to Lingnan, Wu and Yue of Guangdong Province. His family is well-off. He has four sons: Chang Wei: Ying Zhang, the second: Ying Shan, the third: Ying Hui, and the fourth: taking an exam. Hou Qing was tired of traveling at home and had a lot of accumulation. He was a dutiful friend and paid attention to the cultivation of future generations, which won the respect of the city people. Later, Yingzhang helped the country and made great contributions. As a result, houqing was granted the title of vice capital censor by the emperor of the current Dynasty and was granted the Minister of the Ministry of industry.

Ji duying is the best friend of the group in his youth. After his father urged him to go to school, he was very intelligent. After becoming a scholar, he went to huangjiazhai in Wenjiao to study in Yangshan. There is a temple in the mountain. The scenery is beautiful, secluded and elegant. Reading here is very effective. After a few years, he read a lot, read through the classics and history, and finally became a great talent. At the chanting place of the mountain temple, there are still horizontal plaques and couplets, which can be discerned.

In the second year of Longqing (1568), Yingzhang was in his thirties. He was a successful candidate for the examination and was awarded the middle Jinshi (wuchenke). Ying Zhang was originally married to Zeng's family, followed by Wu's family, and gave birth to Ru Chong, Ru Shen, Ru Jia and Ru Ding.

Official achievements

Pei Yingzhang had been an official for only four years in the Longqing period, while he had been an official for many years in the Wanli period. When he met with the emperor Shenzong, he was gracious and generous. He was clear about all the things in the process of the revolution. He was timely and appreciated by the emperor.

His achievements are listed as follows:

In March of the sixth year of Wanli (1578), when he was the Shaoqing of Taipusi, he was ordered to send an envoy to Liao state. Seeing the grand occasion of Liao state, the old and the young are orderly, and they live and work in peace. However, the well-trained troops and the strict discipline of the officers and soldiers in the border areas hold that the Ming Dynasty was not as good as Liao. Therefore, he expressed his regret in it, that is, he presented the "anti Liao watch", urging the government to work hard, cultivate politics, protect the people, and prevent the invasion of Liao people, which was highly praised by the emperor.

In November of the 15th year of Wanli (1587), the governor stationed in Yunyang, Hubei Province planned to rebel. In the group of Ministers' opinions, it is said that there should be no rules and regulations. Therefore, the emperor ordered Yingzhang to be the right deputy censor of the governor's Academy, and galloped to Yunyang to put an end to the chaos. One after another, the address states that the country's safety is due to a difference of thought, "the country will be defeated by itself, and the later generations will be attacked by themselves, and the later generations will be bullied by others", "there is no way for fortune or misfortune, but people are called by themselves", and the meaning of the words is sincere. The most important thing is to rebel against the Ministry, deeply aware of the reason, to give up evil ideas, to surrender, and to bind themselves hundreds of miles away to meet the chapter. Pei Tidu gathered all the officers and men to bring the chief culprit to justice and punish Jizhao. The rest of them are not investigated, which makes people feel virtuous and afraid. Hubei Province is as stable as ever. He stayed in Yunyang, Hubei Province for a period of time, waiting for the emperor's order to select another talent to succeed him. After he returned to Beijing, he became the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs.

In the 16th year of Wanli (1588), due to Pei Gongping's meritorious deeds, he immediately took charge of the military and political power. At that time, most of the generals on the border were derelict in their duties, fed all day, had no intention, and even were corrupt. They colluded with each other, oppressed the people and harmed the imperial court. The people are in dire need of living, and there are many complaints. Ying Zhang, who is deeply rooted in the people, made a secret investigation to collect the crime of corruption and perversion of the law of the frontier generals, and wrote a memorial to the emperor. After the emperor adopted Ying Zhang's advice, he immediately dismissed those generals who violated the law and discipline. As a result, the military style and national discipline were greatly improved, and the frontier defense was consolidated.

Wanli 34 years (1606), should be Zhang Li Department Secretary, dedicated. Ying Zhang is prudent in handling state affairs, upholds justice, is meticulous, dares to reform, proposes different opinions, and confronts powerful and powerful eunuchs. In the past, there was a system of sending ministers to inspect the frontier every three years to promote military facilities. It has been practiced for many years. The Imperial Envoys, where they went, collected gold and silver gifts, jewelry gifts, and made a fortune. As a result, the army and the people at the border can not live in peace. It is suggested that this kind of custom inspection should be abolished. The author thinks that the defense of the frontier, not the fraud during the patrol, not only wastes the public money, but also gives the upper and lower greedy opportunities. "It's up to people to be in charge of politics", and we should select excellent talents to fill the posts in peacetime. If the reward and punishment are clear, the border defense can be consolidated.

Feng Bao, who was in power, wanted to take 3000 horses for private use. This was because eunuchs and eunuchs wanted to use their power to transfer the national war horses for personal prestige. He insisted that eunuchs should not interfere with the execution of government affairs by military generals. According to the reason, please don't contact the emperor. His colleagues all admired Ying Zhang's courage and ability.

In 1590, when he was governor of Yunyang, he majored in ten volumes of Yuntai annals, a chronicle of Yunyang. Pei Yingzhang, Peng Zungu. The Secretary of the annals described the historical facts of the establishment of Yunyang Fuzhi in Yunyang from 1476 to 1590. The jurisdiction of Fuzhi included eight prefectures of Jingzhou, Xiangyang, Nanyang, Hanzhong and Yunyang in the adjacent areas of Hubei, Henan, Sichuan and Shaanxi, five prefectures of SHANGXIA jingnandao, guannandao, Runan and Shangluo, and nine prefectures of Shangzhou, Jinzhou (Ankang), Yuzhou, Yiling and Guizhou, with a total of 65 counties. It is recorded in the annals that 84 governors of Yunyang, such as Yuanjie and Ling Yunyi, ministers of the Ministry of war, pan Dan and Wang Yiqi, ministers of the Ministry of work, Wang Xuekui, ministers of the Ministry of officials, and Wang Shizhen, ministers of the Ministry of punishment, once served as governors of Yunyang. At the same time, it also includes 37 ministers who came to Yun as governor from 1590 to 1680. In 205, there were 121 important officials in Yunyang. According to the investigation, more than 50 of them have biographies in the history of the Ming Dynasty.

Life in old age

Pei Yingzhang, a 30-year-old official, won the trust of emperor Longqing and Emperor Wanli. He obeyed his advice and made a lot of achievements, which satisfied his life wish. When he was old and rare, he was ready to retire with success. So the emperor was allowed to return to the county and return to his hometown. At the imperial banquet of Shenzong, Pei Gong and his colleagues bid farewell one after another. Back home, there are children and grandchildren around the knee, waiting for dawn and dusk, the mood is particularly comfortable, no business entanglement, always intoxicated in the landscape. For example, the Antarctic mountain, Jinlian temple, Dafeng mountain and Dishuiyan in Mingxi County all have traces of his visit. When they are interested, they sing poems to amuse themselves. There is also a building outside the south gate called wanggeng building. He often watched farmers work all year round upstairs, talked about farming with his parents in his hometown, or invited friends to have dinner, recite poems and write Fu, and spent his old age happily.

Pei Gong was concerned about the people and provided local officials with the advice of the villagers. For the people of our county and neighboring counties, we always cherish the heart of helping the poor. Liancheng has a lot of floating grain (the land is sold to others, but the public grain has not been given to the buyer, and the seller still needs to pay it, which is called floating grain). The parties discussed the burden of the people in the neighboring cities, but Duke Pei did not. He thought that the floating grain should be exempted rather than divided, so as to reduce the burden of the people. Ninghua county Wu borrowed hundreds of liang of silver from his family. If he was unable to repay, he destroyed the bond to avoid its return. Among the clans, those who were poor and unable to build houses gave them dozens of houses to live in.

Mourning after death

When Pei Gong returned to the third year of Qingliu, he was haunted by old age and disease, so he was associated with the medicine stove. His eldest son, Ru Pang, died one month after Ying Zhang's illness. As a result, his illness worsened, and the medicine stone failed. He died on the fourth day of the 37th year of Wanli (1609) and died at the age of 73. When he was dying, he called his children and grandchildren together to encourage them to read more poems and books, to be cautious in their words and deeds, to be honest in official work, to love the people and to respect the people, to help the poor and to be close to their neighbors. Take this as a last word to warn future generations.

After Pei Gong died of illness, local officials Shen Wen played, governor, according to cha Shen played imperial court. Emperor Shenzong stopped the court for one day in memory of his meritorious ministers. He was awarded as "Prince Shaobao". The title "Gongjing" was added. He was buried in the name of the emperor by the officials of cultural heritage. He was also honored by the high officials in the name of the emperor. His grave is in Ninghua Anle.

After Pei Yingzhang's death, the Qing soldiers invaded and harassed the frontier. The situation was turbulent and the frontier defense was in urgent need. The civil and military officials of Manchu Dynasty all miss his past achievements. In his opinion, Ying Zhang was a brilliant and insightful minister. And the Legislative Council“

Chinese PinYin : Pei Ying Zhang