Xiong Qinglai

Xiong Qinglai

Xiong Qinglai (September 11, 1893-february 3, 1969), born in Xizai village, Mile County, Yunnan Province, is a non partisan Democrat, a Chinese mathematician, educator, pioneer of Chinese modern mathematics and one of the main pioneers of Chinese function theory. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He once served as president of Yunnan University, director and professor of the Department of mathematics of Tsinghua University, and Research Institute of mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Researcher, director of the Research Office of function theory, standing member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

Xiong Qinglai received a master's degree in science from Marseilles University in 1920, a doctor's degree in science from France in 1933, a professor and head of the Department of mathematics of National Tsinghua University from 1934 to 1937, the president of Yunnan University from 1937 to 1949, a researcher of the Institute of mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the director of the Research Office of function theory from 1957 to 1969, and died on February 3, 1969 He was 76 years old. In 1978, he was included in the first list of rehabilitating Zhaoxue.

Xiong Qinglai is mainly engaged in the research of function theory.

Life of the characters

Xiong Qinglai was born in Xizai village, mile City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province on September 11, 1893. In 1907, Xiong Qinglai was admitted to Kunming dialect school. In 1911, Xiong Qinglai was admitted to the foreign language specialized class of Yunnan Province to study French. Two years later, he won the third place to study in Belgium and studied mining. from 1913 to 1914, Xiong Qinglai studied at Bauman college in Belgium. In 1914, when Belgium was occupied by Germany, Xiong Qing came to France to study mathematics and physics at Grenoble University and Montpellier University. In 1920, Xiong Qinglai graduated from Marseilles university with a master of Science degree, and then returned to China. In the spring of 1921, Xiong Qing came to Yunnan A-type Industrial school and road administration school to teach. In the same year, at the invitation of President Guo Bingwen of Southeast University, Mr. Xiong Qinglai founded the Department of mathematics in the University and served as professor and head of the Department. From 1921 to 1931, he was a professor in Yunnan a type industrial school, Yunnan Road Administration School, Nanjing Southeast University, Shaanxi Northwest University and Peking Tsinghua University. In 1926, Tsinghua University changed into a university. Mei Yiqi, President of Tsinghua University, hired Xiong Qing to establish the Department of mathematics. During this period, Xiong Qinglai attended the world mathematics conference held in Zurich, Switzerland for the first time on behalf of China and became the only Chinese representative. From 1932 to 1934, Xiong Qinglai visited Europe for the second time. In 1933, Xiong Qinglai received the French national doctor of Science Degree (the first highest degree for Chinese scientists in the world). When he returned to China in 1934, Xiong Qinglai taught at National Tsinghua University. In 1937, Xiong Qinglai was appointed president of Yunnan University. In 1939, Xiong Qinglai founded the middle school attached to Yunnan University. In 1949, Xiong Qinglai attended the UNESCO conference in Paris, so he stayed in France to engage in mathematical research. In 1956, Chen Lifu, the Taiwan provincial authority, personally went to Xiong Qinglai's residence and invited him to be the dean of the University attached to the Taiwan Institute of atomic energy, but he flatly refused. In 1957, Xiong Qinglai returned to China from Paris under the cordial care of Premier Zhou Enlai, regardless of the temptation and threat of the Taiwan authorities, and became a researcher, academic member and director of the Research Office of function theory of the Institute of mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1966, when the "Cultural Revolution" began, Xiong Qinglai was labeled as a "reactionary academic authority" and became a "Xiong Hua black line" figure. On February 3, 1969, Xiong Qinglai died in Beijing at the age of 76. In 1978, Xiong Qinglai was included in the first list of rehabilitating Zhaoxue, and the State Council rehabilitated him.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

The definition of infinite order introduced by Xiong Qinglai is called "Xiong's infinite order", which has become a powerful tool to study entire functions and meromorphic functions of infinite order in the future. In the normal family theory, he starts from the corresponding basic inequalities, eliminates the so-called original values in the remainder, and establishes the corresponding normal rules. His method of eliminating the original values and establishing the normal rules has been effective Most of the problems in the new and positive rules of holomorphic and meromorphic functions collected and proposed by Professor Hyman are solved. Xiong Qinglai has published more than 20 world-class academic papers in scientific records, Chinese science, Journal of mathematics, mathematical transactions and other journals. In 1934, Xiong Qinglai published his paper on entire functions of infinite order and meromorphic functions. The definition of "function of infinite order" is internationally known as "Xiong's infinity". In 1956, he wrote his monograph "on meromorphic functions and algebroid functions, a generalization of a theorem of Neville", which was listed as one of the French mathematical series and published by Goth villas in Paris in 1957.

The representative papers are as follows

A basic inequality of meromorphic function theory and its application (I). Acta Mathematica Sinica, 1958 (03): 430-443. 2, Xiong Qinglai. A basic inequality of meromorphic function theory and its application (II). Acta Mathematica Sinica, 1958 (03): 444-455. 3, Xiong Qinglai. Analysis of new cycle genus in normal family of functions. Mathematical progress, 1966 (02): 149-161. 4, Xiong Qinglai. On the genus of Mundell Miranda cycles in the normal family of functions. Acta Mathematica Sinica, 1959 (01): 76-86. 5, Xiong Qinglai. Determination of meromorphic functions by four sets of reduced value points. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1966 (11): 492-494

personnel training

Xiong Qinglai's more than 10 kinds of university textbooks, such as higher mathematics analysis, were the first mathematics textbooks written in Chinese at that time. Xiong Qinglai founded the first modern mathematics research institute in modern Chinese history, the Department of mathematics research of Tsinghua University and the mathematics departments of National Southeast University and Tsinghua University. In 1936, Xiong Qinglai and several other colleagues in the field of mathematics initiated the establishment of the Chinese mathematics journal, which is the predecessor of the current journal of mathematics and the first journal of mathematics in China. In 1938, Xiong Qing founded Journal of Yunnan University the second year after he came to Yunnan University, and successively published humanities, agronomy of Yunnan University and other journals. Xiong Qinglai has set up more than ten courses. during Xiong Qinglai's five years in Southeast University, Xiong Qinglai compiled more than 10 kinds of teaching materials, including plane triangle, spherical triangle, equation theory, analytic function, differential geometry, differential equation, dynamics, mechanics and partial differential equation, on the basis of foreign teaching materials. Xiong Qinglai has published more than 20 papers during his eight years in the Institute of mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xiong Qinglai has trained and guided mathematicians Xu Baogui, Duan Xuefu, Zhuang Qitai, Hua Luogeng, physicists Yan Jici, Zhao Zhongyao, Qian Sanqiang, Zhao Jiuzhang, chemists Liu Guangming, Hu kunsheng, Qian Weichang, Peng Huanwu, Chen Shengshen, Hu kunsheng (Sheng), Xu Bao, Ke Zhao, Xu Xianxiu, Lin Jiaqiao, Wu xinmou, Liu Guang, etc. Yang and Xiong became mathematicians in the 1970s.

Social service

Personal life

Individual family

Xiong Qinglai married his wife (Jiang Juyuan) at the age of 16 at the order of his parents. After decades of mutual respect, Xiong Qinglai and his wife lived together for a hundred years, which can be regarded as family models. His father Xiong Guodong was the library of the late Qing Dynasty, and he successively served as the tutor of Confucianism in Qiaojia and Zhaozhou county. Xiong Qinglai studied hard when he was young. His uncle thought he could not become a useful person, but his father loved him.

Qinglai children

Xiong Qinglai has four sons: Xiong Bingxin, Xiong Bingming, Xiong Bingheng and Xiong bingqun, and his daughter: Xiong Binghui. Xiong Qinglai has five sons and one daughter, all of whom have made great achievements. In addition to the early death of the fourth son, the eldest son is a meritorious figure in the development of Yunnan mining industry. Xiong Bingxin, a famous mining geologist, and Xiong Bingming, the second son, are engaged in Chinese and art education in France (Xiong Bingxin, the eldest son, studied in the United States, Xiong Bingming, the second son, and Xiong Youde, the second granddaughter, both received doctorates in France), and both of them are engaged in education in China. Xiong Qinglai is very strict with his children. When he first became the principal of Yunda, he did not let his second son Xiong Bingming take the examination of Yunda to avoid the suspicion of missing the topic. His daughter Xiong Binghui, who was studying in Nanjing middle school, wanted to take his rickshaw to school because she was afraid of being late one day. He strictly stopped him and said: This is the school car, you can't take it. In the summer of 1959, Xiong Bingxin went to Beijing for a meeting. Xiong Binghui came to Beijing for a summer vacation. Xiong Qinglai and his wife took a group photo with their family. From the left in the back row: Xiong Binghui, Xiong bingqun, Xiong Bingxin and Xiong Youde; the children in the front row are Xiong Youyi and Xiong Youli.

Anecdotes of teachers and students

In 1921, when Xiong Qinglai was a professor in Southeast University, he found that a student named Liu Guang was very talented and often instructed him to read and study. Later, he co sponsored Liu Guang, a poor family member, to go abroad for further study, and sent him living expenses on time. Once, Xiong Qinglai even sold his fur robe and sent money to Liu Guang. Liu Guangcheng became a famous physicist. When he was the head of the Department of mathematics at Tsinghua University in 1930, he found Hua Luogeng's name in academic magazines. After learning about Hua Luogeng's self-study experience and his talent in mathematics, he resolutely broke the rules and let Hua Luogeng, who had only junior high school education, go to school

Chinese PinYin : Xiong Qing Lai