Shen Shou
Shen Shou
Shen shou (1874-1921), originally known as Yunzhi, was born in 1874 in a Confucian merchant family in Wu County, Jiangsu Province (now Suzhou), and lives in Tongzhou (now Nantong). I read and read with my father since childhood. At the age of 16 or 17, he became a famous embroidery expert in Suzhou. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu reign, Cixi paid tribute to the 70th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi. Cixi greatly appreciated the embroidery and wrote the words "Fu" and "Shou" in her own handwriting. The embroidery was given to Shen Xuezhi and was renamed "Shen Shou" from then on.
In 1911, Shen Shou embroidered the statue of Italian queen Elena, which was presented to Italy as a national gift and caused a sensation in the country. In 1914, Zhang Jian founded the nvhong school in Nantong, Jiangsu Province, and Shen Shou was employed as its director and teacher. On June 18, 1921, Shen Shou died of illness in Nantong. At the age of 48, he was buried in Langshan, Nantong.
Life of the characters
Shen shou (1874-1921), originally known as Yunzhi, was named Xuejun and xueluo. The name of xiuzhai is Tianxiang Pavilion, so it is not the owner of Tianxiang Pavilion. She grew up in the family of an antique dealer in haihongfang, changmen, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. His father, Shen Chun, studied the history of calligraphy and the law of salt. He was a salt officer in Zhejiang Province. He loved cultural relics and was rich in collection. Later, he opened an antique shop. His mother, song, had three boys and two girls. Xuezhi ranked fifth. She read with her father since childhood. The cultural relics collected by her family, calligraphy and paintings, give her rich artistic edification and stir the strings of beauty in Xuezhi's heart.
Suzhou is famous for its embroidery. In particular, in Mudu area outside Suzhou, almost every family raises silkworms and Embroiders, which can be regarded as the "hometown of Suzhou embroidery". When she was a child, Xuezhi often went to her grandmother's home there and became very interested in the wonderful Suzhou embroidery art. Under the leadership of her sister Shen Li, she worked on needling at the age of seven and studied embroidery at the age of eight. She began to devote her whole life to embroidery. Xuezhi is intelligent and studious. She has made great progress in embroidery. At first, she embroidered flowers and plants, mainly practical embroidery. Later, he took the famous paintings collected at home as the blueprint and began to embroider artistic works. At the age of sixteen or seventeen, she became a famous embroidery expert in Suzhou. Shen Shou married at the age of 20. Her husband, Yu Jue (named Bingchen, also known as Zhaoxiong), came from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and later lived in Suzhou. He was born in a scholarly family. He was good at painting and calligraphy, and had good economic conditions. After marriage, the husband and wife replace the needle with pen and the other with needle. Painting and embroidery complement each other and complement each other. Except for housework, Xuezhi always embroiders behind closed doors.
In 1903, Yu Yue, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote the word "needle God" on her embroidery. In 1904, Shen Shou embroidered eight works, such as Buddha statues, and presented them to the Qing court to celebrate the Empress Dowager Cixi's birthday. Cixi was very satisfied and gave the word "Shou", so it was renamed "Shen Shou". In the same year, Shen Shou was appointed by the Qing government to visit Japan to exchange and study Japanese embroidery and painting. After returning to China, he was appointed as the chief teacher of Qing palace embroidery engineering, and created "imitation embroidery" by himself, which opened up a new generation in the history of modern Chinese embroidery.
In 1911, Shen Shou embroidered the statue of Italian queen Elena, which was presented to Italy as a national gift and caused a sensation in the country. The emperor and Empress of Italy wrote to the Qing government to praise the exquisite embroidery art in Suzhou, China, and presented a gold watch to Shen Shou. At the same time, this work was sent to Duran Expo in Italy for exhibition, and won the "world's greatest honor and highest excellence award". In 1914, Shen Shou was appointed director of Nantong women's red blood transmission institute. She is strict in school management and good at teaching. She often leads students to sketch from life, observe objects and tell the theory of simulated embroidery. Even in illness, let the students around the couch to listen to the truth of coloring and thread. In 1915, the statue of Jesus by Shen Shouxiu won the first prize at the Panama Pacific International Fair in San Francisco.
Shen Shou settled in Nantong. His works have won many international awards. He once set up embroidery schools in Suzhou, Beijing, Tianjin and Nantong to teach his skills, and orally taught his own embroidery skills to Zhang Jian. Zhang Jian wrote and published a relatively complete theoretical work of embroidery, xueluo embroidery manual. Mo Xue Shu Pu was published by Nantong calligraphy Bureau in 1920. This book makes a detailed exposition of the previous needling methods in theory, summarizes 18 kinds of needling methods commonly used in embroidery, and fills in the research gap of embroidery needling methods. This is the first time to study the application of light and shadow of Western oil painting in Chinese embroidery. This paper makes a theoretical study of its original simulated embroidery art and expounds its artistic characteristics.
Zhang Jian first met Shen Shou at the Nanyang industry promotion meeting held in Nanjing in 1910. At the meeting, Zhang Jian was the chief inspector general of the meeting. Shen Shou was the chief teacher of the Ministry of agriculture and Commerce of the Qing Dynasty, who was specially examining embroidery products, and took the first imitation embroidery work "portrait of the Italian Queen" which we were familiar with to the exhibition. In his first contact, Zhang Jian not only admired Shen Shou's profound artistic skills, but also valued Shen Shou's character. This laid a good foundation for Zhang Jian to hire Shen shoulaitong to teach and be the director of the women's Institute.
June 18, 1921 (or June 8, 1921?) Shen Shou died in Nantong at the age of 48. According to Shen Shou's wishes, Zhang Jian buried Shen Shou in Ma'anshan cemetery in Nantong. Zhang Jian's regular script "the tomb of the world artist lady Shen in Wu county" is engraved on the stone forehead of the tomb. On the back of the tomb stands a stele. On the top of the stele is engraved the "spiritual watch of Ms. Shen, a world artist in Wuxian county" written by Zhang Jian, and on the back of the stele is engraved a portrait of Shen Shou.
Cixi's name
October, 1904, is the 70th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi. The Qing government ordered all regions to pay tribute for birthday gifts. After hearing the news, Yu Jue followed the advice of his friends and decided to present the embroidery on the longevity screen. They selected the painting of eight immortals on longevity and the painting of wuliangshou Buddha from the ancient paintings collected at home as the blueprint. They quickly sketched the draft and invited several embroidery experts to make it together. Xuezhi devoted a lot of effort to these embroidery. Cixi saw the picture of eight immortals on longevity and the other three pictures of wuliangshou Buddha. She praised them and called them peerless deities. In addition to awarding Shen Xuezhi the fourth class of the Ministry of commerce with the Baoxing medal, she also wrote "Fu" and "Shou" in her own handwriting, which she presented to Yu Jue and his wife. From then on, Shen Xuezhi changed his name to Shen Shou, and Yu Jue also changed his name to Yu Fu.
education
Cixi later instructed the Ministry of Commerce to set up the women's Embroidery Engineering Department, and appointed Yu Jue as the general manager and Shen Shou as the general teacher. It was the first formal embroidery school in China. After the revolution of 1911, embroidery was suspended. Yu feels that Shen Shou is infertile and asks for his aunt. Shen Shou moved to Tianjin in October 1912 and set up a self-supporting women's red blood transmission center.
In 1914, Zhang Jian founded the nvhong school in Nantong, Jiangsu Province. Shen Shou came to Nantong as a director and teacher, while Yu Jue was the manager of Nantong civilian workshop. At first, it was attached to Nantong women's normal school, and then moved to Haoyang Road, Nantong. The first phase of the school enrolled more than 20 students. Later, it increased year by year, and the educational system gradually improved. There are accelerated classes, ordinary classes, art classes and research classes.
Shen Shou is not only an outstanding embroidery artist, but also an experienced embroidery educator. In teaching, she advocates "external teacher's nature" to cultivate students' ability to observe things carefully. To embroider flowers, she picked a flower and put it on the stretcher. She embroidered while watching. She wanted to embroider people's eyes and spirit. Under the careful instruction of Shen Shou, Nantong nvhong Chuanyun Institute trained many Suzhou embroidery talents. Nantong's embroidery has gradually formed a "thin", "thin", "uniform" and "clean" style, which has opened up a market at home and abroad.
Shen Shou had been teaching embroidery for eight years in Nantong (Zhang Jian's words). Unfortunately, he became ill through hard work. Zhang Jian was "afraid that his art would not be passed on". During the period when Shen Shou was treated by a famous doctor in Yanqing Dynasty, he obtained her consent and personally recorded her embroidery experience. After a few months, Shen Shou finally wrote a book named "Xue Bi Xiu Pu". Zhang Jian said in the preface of the embroidered Manual: "this manual has been compiled for several months, and it has been asked again and again, reviewed and revised. After many times, every word is written by himself, and every word is written by himself." It can be seen that this embroidery manual is really the crystallization of Shen Shou's 40 years of artistic practice. This book is divided into eight chapters: embroidering, needling, embroidering, embroidering, embroidering virtue, embroidering Festival and embroidering. From the use of thread and color, the main points of embroidery to the moral cultivation of artists, as well as health care, there is a relatively complete exposition, which can be the first special work in China to systematically summarize the artistic experience of Suzhou embroidery.
works
The master has gone, and her art will last forever. Her exquisite embroidery has remained in the world for a long time, and is still shining today. Shen Shou's embroidery is collected in museums in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Nantong and other places.
When people see her embroidered pictures of eight immortals, Jesus, Beike, wuliangshoufo, evergreen, flower and bird album, zodiac, Guanyin, wenclam and Liuyan, they all fall in love with her. They marvel at the master of Suzhou embroidery. With his superhuman wisdom and dexterous embroidery hand, she finally improves the traditional Suzhou embroidery craft to a more gorgeous and magical art Realm.
Anecdotes and allusions
Friendship between top scholar and embroidery sage
In 1914, Shen Shou was invited to Nantong. Although he was 40 years old, his skin was white, his figure was graceful, his manners were elegant and his temperament was gentle. Even Zhang Jian, who was over the age of Huajia at that time, was surprised when he faced the talented artist. Later, he wrote in the forty eight verses of cherishing memory: "who returns to Cai Ji's body with gold? It's often said that Cao's concealment is agreeable; what's more, the Pearl and jade in the southeast are beautiful, and they can't bear to listen to the dust from the north. There is water in front of feiguan in spring, and the tide is flat outside the gate of the Tang family in the evening. When you climb the tower, Xi Shu is dignified. It is not as if you were surprised at the beginning. " Here, he compares Shen Shou to Cai Wenji and Cao Cao, and compares his invitation to Shen Shou to serve in the South with Cao Cao's redemption of CAI Wenji.
In 1915,
Chinese PinYin : Shen Shou
Shen Shou
