Chu suiliang

Chu suiliang

Chu suiliang (596-659), a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province), was born in Hangzhou. He was the son of Chu Liang, the prime minister, politician, calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty.

Born in the Chu family of Henan Province, he is knowledgeable and proficient in literature and history. In the late Sui Dynasty, he followed Xue Ju, the overlord of the Western Qin Dynasty, and served as a general servant. After returning to the Tang Dynasty, he was re used by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. He served as a counsellor and a servant of Huangmen. He moved to the middle of the Tang Dynasty and took charge of the imperial power. In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), sun Wuji, the commander of Sikong, was jointly granted the imperial edict. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty succeeded to the throne and was promoted to youpushe. He was canonized as the Duke of Henan. He served as the governor of Tongzhou and the Minister of the Ministry of officials. He moved youpushe to participate in political affairs. He objected to the appointment of Empress Wu Zetian as the governor of Tanzhou (now Changsha). After Empress Wu came to power, he moved to Guilin (now Guilin) and demoted to aizhou (now Qinghua, Vietnam). In 659, he died at the age of 64. After the Dragon revolution, he was posthumously named "Wenzhong" as a gift to youpushe. Tianbao six years (747), with Tang Gaozong Temple Court, tired gift Taiwei.

Chu suiliang was a calligrapher. He first studied Yu Shinan, and then Wang Xizhi. Together with Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, and Xue Ji, he was known as the "four great masters of the early Tang Dynasty". The calligraphy handed down from generation to generation includes master Meng's stele and preface to the sacred teachings of the wild goose pagoda.

Life of the characters

Come from a famous family

In 596, Chu suiliang was born into a noble family. His father, Chu Liang, was a regular official in the Sui Dynasty. He was friends with Yu Shinan and Ouyang Xun. Chu Liang had a friendship with Yang Xuangan, so he moved to Xihai County after Yang Xuangan's incident was suppressed. In July of the 13th year of Daye (617), Xue Ju became emperor. Chu Liang was appointed as the Minister of Huangmen. Chu suiliang was appointed as Xue Ju's minister, who was in charge of imperial edicts and memorials.

In May of the first year of Wude (618), Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, and later sent Li Shimin to pacify the separatist forces in Xiliang, but he was defeated by Xue Ju. Xue Ju died during the eastern expedition to Chang'an, and his son Xue rengao succeeded to the throne. In November of the same year, Li Shimin surrounded Xue rengao's camp in Jingzhou. Xue rengao surrendered and was escorted to Chang'an for execution, while his men were incorporated under Li Shimin's command. Thus Chu suiliang became an official of Li Tang Dynasty and began his political career. At first, Chu suiliang joined the army as Emperor Li Shimin. Li Shimin had a good feeling for Chu suiliang.

Cao Kai joined the army

In the fourth year of Wude (621), Emperor Gaozu of Tang ordered Li Shimin to control the power of Pingyuan and Wu in the East, and allowed him to open Tiance mansion in Luoyang. In the same year, Li Shimin set up his own literature museum, among which 18 bachelors were his state advisors. Chu suiliang's father Chu Liang is one of them, in charge of literature. In such an environment, Chu suiliang's knowledge is advancing with each passing day. In particular, under the guidance of Ouyang Xun and Yu Shinan, calligraphy is outstanding, and has the political status and social reputation that Ouyang Xun and Yu do not have. According to the records of shiguanxia in volume 64 of tanghuiyao, the daily affairs of hongwenguan were managed by Chu suiliang, who was known as the "librarian".

In June of the ninth year of Wude (626), Li Shimin launched the "change of Xuanwumen" and was later established as the crown prince. In August, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty abdicated to the throne, and Li Shimin ascended to the throne. The following year, he changed his name to "Zhenguan" for Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. In the third year of Zhenguan (629), Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty issued an edict to build temples on the battlefield during the war period at the end of Sui Dynasty to commemorate the achievements and pray for the dead soldiers. Among them, the Ciyun Temple was established in Jinzhou, where song Jingang was defeated, and Chu suiliang wrote the stele.

In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Chu suiliang was appointed as the living man, recording the emperor's words and deeds. In 638, Yu Shinan passed away. Wei Zheng recommended Chu suiliang to Li Shimin, and Taizong ordered him to be "Shi Shu".

Yellow gate servant

Li Shimin had widely collected Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and Chu suiliang could identify the authenticity of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, which made no one dare to send the fake to ask for credit. In 641, Chu suiliang advised Taizong to suspend Zen. In the same year, he was moved to Jianyi doctor. Li Shimin almost always consulted Chu suiliang about every major event.

In the 17th year of Zhenguan (643), Prince Li Chengqian was abolished for murdering King Li Tai of Wei Dynasty. Emperor Taizong wanted to establish Li Tai, while Chu suiliang and his uncle sun Wuji tried their best to persuade Emperor Taizong to establish the ninth son, Li Zhi of Jin Dynasty, as the crown prince of Tang Dynasty.

In the 18th year of Zhenguan (644), Chu suiliang began to participate in the decision-making of the imperial government as a servant of Huangmen. Later, he was sent to all parts of the country by the emperor to inspect the four directions, and could directly dethrone the officials.

At that time, Yuan Gai Su Wen, the Minister of Koguryo, killed Gao Jianwu, the king of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong wanted to use this as an excuse to fight against Koguryo in person, which was opposed by Chu suiliang, but Taizong did not adopt. Later, Yuan Gai and Su Wen sent people to pay tribute to Baijin. Chu suiliang quoted the story of Zang Aibo's admonition to Na Gaoding to admonish him. Then Taizong refused to accept Baijin and sent the Koguryo emissary to prison. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Emperor Taizong's expedition to Koguryo failed, which proved that Chu suiliang's words were correct.

In the 21th year of Zhenguan (647), Chu suiliang's father Chu Liang died, so he had to return to his hometown temporarily to keep filial piety. In the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648), Chu suiliang was appointed as the Minister of Huangmen. In September of the same year, he was promoted to Zhongshu Ling, and became a minister who played an important role in the political arena of the Tang Dynasty after Wei Zheng, like Liu Wei, cen Wenwen, Ma Zhou and Chang sun Wuji.

Tuogu assistant minister

In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, on his deathbed, summoned Chang sun Wuji and Chu suiliang into their bedrooms and said to them, "Qing and other martyrs, Jane is in my heart. In the former Han Dynasty, Wu sent Huo Guang, Liu Bei entrusted Zhuge, and later I was appointed minister. The prince is benevolent and filial. As you know, you must do your best to help and protect the clan forever. " To Prince Li Zhi, he said, "I'm at ease about the affairs of the country with the eldest sun Wuji and Chu suiliang." So Chu suiliang was ordered to draft an imperial edict.

In June of the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), Li Zhi succeeded the emperor and granted Chu suiliang the county magistrate of Henan Province. The next year, he was promoted to the county magistrate of Henan Province, and then he was demoted as the governor of Tongzhou. Three years later, Emperor Gaozong recalled him to his side and made him a minister of the Ministry of officials. At the same time, he supervised the revision of the history of the state, and he was also a guest of the crown prince. In the fourth year of Yonghui (653), he was promoted to the right servant of Shangshu and took charge of the imperial power, which was the peak of his political career.

The dispute over the abolition

In 655, Chu suiliang and Chang sun Wuji strongly opposed any attempt to depose the queen. Gao zongzhao, Taiwei, sun Wuji, Sikong, Li Ji, Shangshu, Zuo pushe, Yu Zhining and Chu suiliang discussed the matter of abolishing the empress and establishing the empress. Chu suiliang made a discussion and poured cold water on the emperor. The emperor was even more irritated by his indomitable attitude of putting Guan wat on the steps, taking off his official hat, kowtowing and bleeding, so that the soldiers forced him out. Wu, who was sitting behind the emperor, wanted to kill him immediately. At the critical moment, Li Ji, who is good at catering to the will, said: "this is your Majesty's family affair. It's not suitable to ask outsiders." This not only changed the fate of the Tang Dynasty, but also pushed Chu suiliang and others into the abyss of tragedy.

Bleak old age

In October 655, Empress Wu was canonized as empress, and Chu suiliang was also expelled from the imperial court by Empress Wu and became governor of Tanzhou. On the new year's day of the first year of Tang Xianqing (656), Li Hong (652-675), the son of Empress Wu, was made the crown prince.

In the spring of the second year of Tang Xianqing (657), Chu suiliang was transferred to Guizhou (now Guilin), which is far away from the capital. Later in the same year, Wu Zetian, together with Xu Jingzong and Li Yifu, falsely accused zhongshuling Laiji and his servant Hanyuan of conspiring against Chu suiliang in Guangxi.

In his later years, Chu suiliang was demoted once again - this time, he was demoted further to aizhou (today's Qinghua, Vietnam). In despair, Chu suiliang wrote a love letter to Gaozong, telling him that he had worked for Gaozu and Taizong for a long time and strongly supported Gaozong's succession to the throne. The result was still of no help.

In the third year of Xianqing (658), he died in aizhou with regret at the age of 63. According to Zhang Huaiyu's shuduan, Chu suiliang died in 659 at the age of 64. After his death, Wu Zetian and others did not let him go. On the one hand, they cut off his official rank, on the other hand, they sent his descendants to aizhou. After the Shenlong coup, he regained his official rank and later conferred his posthumous title of "Wenzhong". In 747, Yu Tianbao was entitled to the Gaozong temple. During the period of emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, he sent a gift to Taiwei. During the period of emperor Yizong of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Pian invited him to bury Chu suiliang's tomb in aizhou and his descendants in Yangzhai.

Main achievements

The art of calligraphy

Chu suiliang's representative works in regular script mainly include the stele of yique Buddhist niche, the stele of master Meng, the stele of Fang Xuanling and the preface of the sacred religion of Yanta. Chu suiliang studied a variety of fonts and used them comprehensively. Shi said that he first learned from Ouyang Xun and Shiling, then learned from his uncle Yu Shinan, and finally became "two kings" (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi). He learned from Han and Li dynasties and created his own calligraphy. Therefore, he was known as one of the "four regular script masters" in the early Tang Dynasty, "Ou, Yu, Chu and Xue", also known as "Chu style".

Chu suiliang's regular script works have two different styles before and after their appearance. In the early stage, the yique Buddhist niche stele and the master Meng stele have roughly the same style. They both use square strokes. The strokes such as the first stroke, the first stroke, the second stroke and the second stroke are straight, and the strokes are not obvious. They maintain the style characteristics of Ou and Yu. In terms of style, it absorbs the generous and elegant style of Yu Shinan's regular script and the sharp and vigorous style of Ouyang Xun's regular script. At the same time, they will

Chinese PinYin : Chu Sui Liang