King you of Zhou Dynasty

Ji Miyagi

The king of Zhou

(795 BC? In 771 BC, the surname of Ji, whose name is Gongfu (sound sh ē ng, yizuo Gongsheng), the son of Jijing, King Xuan of Zhou, and the mother of Jiang, was the 12th monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty. He was in power from 782 BC to 771 BC. In 782 B.C., King Xuan of Zhou died, and Ji Gongzhen succeeded him as king you of Zhou. In 771 B.C., Gou Rong killed Ji Gongzhen, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished. After the death of Ji Gongfu, he was named Youwang. The princes supported his son Ji Yijiu and succeeded him to the throne. He was king Ping of the Zhou Dynasty, which was known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history.

Life of the characters

Early experience

King you of Zhou is the son of Jijing, King Xuan of Zhou, and his mother, empress Jiang, is the daughter of the king of Qi. According to Gan Bao's SouShen Ji, Ji Gongzhen was born in the 33rd year of King xuanwang of Zhou (795 BC), which may be based on the Bamboo Annals. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, Ji Gong was made the crown prince.

Father died to succeed the throne

In the 46th year of King Xuan of Zhou (782 BC), King Xuan of Zhou, the father of Ji Gongzhen, died. Ji Gongzhen succeeded to the throne as king you of Zhou. After king you of Zhou succeeded to the throne, he made empress Shen his concubine as Queen, and his son Ji Yijiu as Prince.

In the second year of King Youwang of Zhou Dynasty (780 BC), many serious natural disasters occurred. The earthquake occurred in the capital city of Western Zhou Dynasty, hojing (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), which caused the vibration of Jing, Wei and Luo rivers. In the same year, Jing, Wei and Luo rivers dried up and Qishan collapsed.

Later, King Zhou appointed his uncle Cheng Huan Gong as the ruler of the Zhou royal family, and he took charge of the land and registered residence of the whole country.

Death of a conquered country

King you of Zhou was greedy and corrupt. He didn't care about the political affairs. He appointed Guo Shi's father as an official and took charge of the political affairs. Guo Shi's father was treacherous and clever. He was good at flattering and greedy for money. However, king you of Zhou valued him very much, which caused strong dissatisfaction among the people. In 774 B.C., king you of Zhou deposed empress Shen and crown prince Ji Yijiu, and chose Baosi as Queen. His son, Ji Bofu, was crown prince. He also harmed the crown prince Ji Yijiu, which made Shen's father, marquis Shen, angry.

In 771 BC, Shenhou united with the state of ZA and Xiyi dog army to attack the king of Zhou, so he killed him at the foot of Lishan Mountain, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished. After the death of king you of Zhou, the princes and Marquis Shen jointly established the predecessor Prince Ji Yijiu as king Ping of Zhou, known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history.

Political initiatives

During the reign of king you of Zhou, all kinds of social contradictions became sharp, the political situation was unstable, he was greedy and corrupt, and he used Guo Shifu, a treacherous minister, to preside over the government, which aggravated the exploitation of the people and aroused the resentment of the people, and eventually led to the destruction of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Anecdotes

Sanchuan earthquake

In the second year of King Youwang of Zhou Dynasty (780 BC), the three rivers of Beijing and nearby Jing, Wei and Luo all vibrated. The doctor Boyang Fu said, "the Zhou Dynasty is going to perish. Yin and Yang in heaven and earth can't lose the law. If we lose the law, it is human beings who disturb it. Yang Qi can't come out under the ground, and Yin Qi can't rise under the pressure of Yang Qi, so an earthquake will happen. At present, earthquakes have occurred in the areas of Jing, Wei and luosanhe, because Yang Qi has lost its proper place and is suppressed by Yin Qi. Yang Qi is out of order. Under Yin Qi, the source of the river must be blocked. If the source is blocked, the country must perish. If the soil and water are well ventilated and moist, things can be produced and used by the people. The land has no water source, the people are short of daily necessities, and the country will not perish until when! Once upon a time, Yishui and Luoshui dried up, Xia Dynasty perished, Yellow River dried up, and Shang Dynasty perished. Today, the virtue of the Zhou Dynasty is just like that of the last dynasties of Xia and Shang Dynasties. The source of rivers is blocked again, and the blocking of the source must be exhausted. The establishment of a country must rely on mountains and rivers, which are the symbol of national subjugation. The mountains are bound to collapse. It will not take more than ten years for the country to perish. Because ten is a cycle of days. The country God wants to abandon will not exceed the deadline of ten years. " In the same year, Jing, Wei and Luo rivers dried up and Qishan collapsed. In the 11th year of king you of Zhou (771 BC), the collapse of Heku happened just ten years ago. King you of Zhou was killed by Canrong, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.

Chongxing Baosi

At the end of the Xia Dynasty, two dragons stopped in front of the court of the Xia emperor and said, "we are the two former kings of Bao state." Xia Di divination, or kill the dragon, or drive away the dragon, or leave the dragon, are not lucky. The Xia emperor divined again and asked for the dragon's saliva to be stored, which was auspicious. So he displayed the jade and silk, and wrote a notice to the dragon with a simple plan. After the Dragon left, he left saliva. The Xia emperor packed the saliva in a box and removed the traces of saliva on the ground. The Xia Dynasty perished, and this box spread to the Shang Dynasty. When the Shang Dynasty perished, this box spread to the Zhou Dynasty. After three dynasties, no one dared to open it. At the end of the reign of King li of Zhou Dynasty, open up and watch. Saliva flows into the palace and cannot be removed. King Zhou Li ordered the woman to shout at him naked, and her saliva turned into a black lizard and ran to King Zhou Li's back palace. There was a maid in the harem. She was just seven or eight years old and met her. At the time of King Xuan of Zhou, the maid became pregnant as an adult, but gave birth to a child without a husband. She was very afraid, so she abandoned the child.

Once a little girl sang a song: "bow made of mulberry wood, arrow bag made of dustpan wood, is to destroy the state of Zhou." At that time, when King Zhou heard the song, there happened to be a couple selling mulberry bow and arrow bags, so King Zhou sent someone to catch them and kill them. On their way to escape, the couple met the strange girl abandoned by the maid by the roadside, crying at night, so they took pity on her and adopted her. So the couple fled to Baoguo. Later, the Baoguo people were guilty, so they asked to offer the strange girl abandoned by the maid to king you of Zhou to atone. This woman is Bao Si. Because she came from Bao state, she is called Bao Si.

The king of Zhou you was very fond of her after he got the commendation. Later, Bao Si gave birth to his son Ji Bo Fu for king you of Zhou. After Bao Si gave birth to her son Ji Bofu, king you of Zhou favored her even more. In the end, king you of Zhou deposed queen Shenhou (the daughter of Shenhou, the king of Shen, and later made her queen, so she was called Shenhou) and crown prince Ji Yijiu (born of Shenhou, that is, King Ping of Zhou), and established Baosi as Queen and Ji Bofu as crown prince. It's lucky that the Western Zhou Dynasty's imperial concubines had been destroyed because of the calamity. Finally, the Western Zhou Dynasty was doomed.

cry wolf

According to records of the historian, Baosi didn't like to laugh. King you of Zhou came up with all kinds of ways to make her laugh, but Baosi never did. King you of Zhou set up a beacon tower and a drum. When the enemy came, he lit the beacon and called for reinforcements. Once, king you of Zhou lit a beacon fire, and all the princes came with their troops. When the princes arrived, they found that there was no enemy. When Bao Si saw that the princes were in a panic, he really laughed. King you of Zhou was very happy, so he lit the beacon fire many times. Later, the princes no longer believed it and gradually refused to answer the call. In the 11th year of king you of Zhou (771 BC), the Shenguo united with the state of ZA and Xiyi dog army to attack king you of Zhou. King you of Zhou ignited the beacon fire and called the princes to rescue, but the princes did not come to rescue. At last, Gou Rong killed king you of Zhou Dynasty under Lishan Mountain and captured Bao Si, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.

In Lu Shi Chun Qiu, king you of Zhou Dynasty did not light the beacon fire, but beat the drum. At that time, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty was located in Fengjing and haoerjing, which were close to Rong people. King you of Zhou agreed with the princes to build a tall earthen castle on the road with a big drum on it, so that the drum can be heard from far and near. If the soldiers invaded, they would beat drums from near to far, and all the princes' troops would come to rescue the emperor. The soldiers once invaded. King you of Zhou beat drums, and the armies of the princes all arrived as promised. Baosi was very happy to see this. He liked the way that king you of Zhou did. King you of Zhou wanted to see Baosi's smile, so he beat drums repeatedly. The troops of the princes came many times, but there were no enemy soldiers. Later, when the army really invaded, king you of Zhou beat drums, but the army of the princes no longer came, so king you of Zhou was killed under the Lishan Mountain.

In the outline of national history, Qian Mu questioned the record of "Warlords" in historical records: "this is the talk of villains in the alley. What's so ridiculous about the fact that the princes can't see the beacon coming together, and when they hear that there are no bandits, they will cease their troops and go away? It was the Han people who prepared Xiongnu's ears to raise the beacon and spread the police. In the battle of Lishan Mountain, the king of you raised his troops to seek an application, and there was no need to raise a beacon. "

In 2012, when Tsinghua University in Beijing sorted out the bamboo slips of the Warring States period (Tsinghua bamboo slips), it was found that the description on the bamboo slips deviated from the story of "Warlords". Qinghua bamboo slips record that the king of Zhou you took the initiative to attack the original Shenhou foreign country, and the Marquis of Shen contacted the Rong family to defeat the king of Zhou you, which led to the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty. There is no story of "Warlords" in Tsinghua bamboo slips. Liu Guozhong, a professor at the center for research and protection of unearthed documents at Tsinghua University, said that historians had questioned the "Warlords" and thought that the records of the historian contained only "novelists' words". To some extent, the contents of Qinghua bamboo slips support this kind of query, thus partially overthrowing the records of historical records. Liu Guozhong believes that historians can draw a conclusion: the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty was not due to the "Warlords", and the story did not even exist.

Historical evaluation

Mozi, written by Mo Zhai, said: "the tyrant King Jie, Zhou, you and Li, who was also evil to the common people in the world, led him to denounce the heaven for insulting ghosts. There were many thieves, so he lost his country because of the natural disaster. He died in the world, and his descendants have been destroying it ever since."

Sima Qian's historical records: ① the king of Zhou you has no way (2) king Youwang of Zhou was promiscuous (3) "the king of you treated many evils with the help of Chen, so the royal family ruled many evils (4) "You Li confused, both the loss of Feng pickaxe."

Liu Xiang wrote in the biography of the women: "you Wang was confused by Xiu Si. He went in and out with him and did not care about the affairs of the state. He drove away from time to time to suit the meaning of Xiu Si. Drink and indulge, advocate excellence and continue the day by night. "

Wang Yizheng's Department: "you and Li Li and Le were destroyed, the princes were forced to govern, and turned to swallow them up. Virtue could not be cherished, and power could not be controlled."

Family members

parent

Father: King Xuan of Zhou, Ji Jing.

Mother: Jiang

Chinese PinYin : Zhou You Wang