Zhao she

Zhao she

Zhao she (the year of birth and death is unknown), a famous general of the state of Zhao, is one of the eight famous generals of the six Eastern countries during the Warring States period. There is an epitaph of Ma Jun in Xinzhou, a general of dangbian in the great Sui Dynasty, in the forest of Steles in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. It was carved in the 20th year of kaihuang (600th year) of Sui Dynasty. The inscription said: "you taboo ho Xi, the word Laosheng, Fufeng city people also.". First, Ma Fujun, the son of King Zhaoling, followed.

Zhao she lived mainly in the period of King Wuling, Huiwen and Xiaocheng. She was over 50 years old. According to Zhao CE, Zhao she once told Zhao Sheng, the former monarch of Zhao Guoping, that she had once fled to Yan, and was trusted by the king of Yan, so she was appointed Shanggu Shou.

Zhao she was awarded the title of "Ma Fu Jun" by King Huiwen of Zhao because of her repeated military achievements, and his son Zhao Kuo was called "Ma Fu Zi".

Life of the characters

Enforce the law impartially

Zhao she was an official who collected land rent in the state of Zhao. When collecting rent and tax, Pingyuan Junjia refused to pay. Zhao she dealt with it according to law and killed nine people in charge of Pingyuan Junjia. Pingyuan Jun is so angry that he wants to kill Zhao she to vent his anger. Zhao she took the opportunity to persuade and said, "you are a noble son in the state of Zhao. If you connive at your family and don't abide by the laws of the state, the laws will be weakened. If the laws are weakened, the state will be weakened. If the state is weakened, the princes will send troops to invade the state of Zhao, and the princes will perish. How can you keep these wealth? With your status and dignity, if you take the lead and set an example, you will be able to abide by the law, which will make the country fair up and down. If the country is strong, the regime of Zhao will be stable. As a relative of Zhao, will you still be despised by people in the world? " Pingyuan Jun thought he was very talented and recommended him to King Zhao. King Zhao appointed him to be in charge of the tax of the whole country. The tax of the whole country is fair and reasonable. The people are rich and the Treasury is rich.

The battle between Kaiyu

For details, please refer to the data "the war between China and Japan"

In the 29th year of King Zhao Huiwen (270 BC), the state of Qin attacked Korea, and its troops were stationed in Yayu (Y ù y ǔ). Zhao Huiwen and Wang Zhao he summoned Lianpo and asked, "can we go to rescue?" "The road is long, dangerous and narrow, so it is difficult to rescue," he said He summoned Lecheng to ask about it. Lecheng's answer was the same as Lianpo's. Zhao she was summoned to ask again. Zhao she replied, "the road is far away, the ground is dangerous, and the road is narrow. For example, two mice are fighting in the hole, and which one is brave and which one wins." The king of Zhao sent Zhao she to lead the army to rescue Kaiyu. 　

Thirty miles after the army left Handan, Zhao she ordered in the Army: "anyone who comes to give advice for the military will be sentenced to death." The Qin army was stationed in the west of Wu'an. The sound of the Qin army's drumming and shouting shook the roof tiles of Wu'an city. A scout in Zhao's army asked for quick rescue of Wu'an, and Zhao she immediately beheaded him. Zhao Jun held fast to the barracks and stayed for 28 days. Instead of advancing, he built more barracks. The spy of Qin army sneaks into the camp of Zhao army. Zhao she treats him well with food and then sends him back. The spy reported the situation to the general of the Qin army. The general of the Qin army was overjoyed and said, "if you leave the capital for 30 Li, the army will not move forward. Moreover, it will build more barracks, which is not the land of the state of Zhao."

After Zhao she sent the Qin spies, she ordered the soldiers to unload their armor and move quickly to Kaihe. He arrived at the front line in two days and one night, and ordered the cavalry who were good at shooting to camp at 50 li away from Kaihe. After the barracks were built, the Qin army knew the situation and immediately the whole army came. A sergeant named Xu Li asked for advice on military affairs. Zhao she said, "let him in." Xu Li said: "the Qin people didn't expect that the Zhao army would come here. They came to fight against the enemy, and their morale was very high. The general must concentrate his troops and be ready. Otherwise, it is bound to fail. "

Zhao she said, "please let me accept your advice." "I ask for the death penalty," Xu said Zhao she said: "wait for the order after returning to Handan." Xu Li asked for another suggestion, saying, "the winner who occupies the northern mountain first, and the loser later." Zhao she agreed and immediately sent 10000 people to rush to the north mountain. After Qin soldiers arrived, they competed with Zhao army for Beishan, but they couldn't attack it. Zhao she took advantage of the situation to attack Qin army. He and the garrison also went out of the city to attack the Qin army. The Qin army was not supported, and the casualties were more than half of them. After a great defeat, the encirclement of the Qin army was resolved. This is the battle between Zhao she and Qin.

I still remember what Zhao she said: "the road is far away, the ground is dangerous, and the road is narrow. For example, two mice fight in the hole, which is brave and which wins." However, in this war, when did the Qin and Zhao armies meet? Wang Zhao first asked general Lian Po, then vice general Le Cheng, and then a director of the tax bureau, Zhao she. From top to bottom, he showed his heart. At that time, the state of Zhao had been defeated for a long time, and the king of Zhao naturally wanted to fight once. Zhao she saw through the mind of the king of Zhao, said with courage, with the heart of king an, gained military power, and then won by strategy. Both in politics and military affairs, Zhao she has great talent.

After the war, Zhao he, King Huiwen of Zhao, gave Zhao she the title of "Ma Fu Jun" (Ma Fu, the place name of Zhao in the Warring States period, in the northwest of Handan City, Hebei Province) And appointed Xu Li as the national captain. Zhao she was equal to Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Because Zhao she was awarded "Ma Fu Jun". His descendants then took the surname of "Ma Fu" and later changed the single surname of "Ma". It is an important source of Ma's surname.

He died in his old age

The detailed time of Zhao she's death is not recorded in historical books, but according to the biography of Lin Xiangru in historical records, we can know that Zhao she died before the outbreak of Changping war.

The wisdom of knowing the son

As a good general, Zhao she has a noble character. His son Zhao Kuo, who learned little about the art of war, spoke about military affairs, and was smart and resourceful, thought that "there is no way in the world to do it.". But it's just books, not practice. Zhao she said to his wife anxiously, "soldiers are dead, but it's easy to say. If Zhao does not include it, he will include it if he will And his worries were finally fulfilled. After Zhao she died, Zhao Kuo was defeated by the Qin army in the battle of Changping. Zhao Kuo was also killed by the Qin army's random arrows. Zhao's army was completely destroyed, and more than 400000 soldiers were killed by the Qin army.

Historical records

Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru in historical records

Character evaluation

Jia Yi: "the ethics of Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Wang Liao, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao she controlled their troops."

Huan Kuan: "it's no good if the public family is not regular and the laws are not, and evil spirits are rising. In the second place, Zhao Jufan went to the plain

Gu Yong: "Zhao has Lianpo, horse clothing, strong Qin dare not peep at Jingxing."

Cao Cao said: "Zhao she and Dou Ying were generals. They were given thousands of gold and scattered in one day. Therefore, they were able to make great contributions. I read their articles and admire them as human beings."

Xu Jun said: "Beishan is the best place to fight against danger. Both at home and abroad, we have heard the name of horse clothing. The man said that the generals returned to the generals. I didn't know that there was a son who had wronged Changping. "

Chen Yuanliang: "the governance of a country depends on its prime minister. The strength of a country depends on its general. Zhao's horse clothes are masculine, strict, sincere and understanding. When the officials were working, the bell of the soldiers was clear. The army is full of rewards, and the family is forgotten. If you are a rat, how can you give up. Lian Lin, Zhou lie, Ji Meng meet. He who knows the wisdom of his son is the best

Tang Zhen: "Baiqi, zhaoshe and Leyi belong to the army. They are invincible."

Huang Daozhou: "Zhao shetian was not in the army. Qin's trapped Pavilion is very powerful. When Zhao wanted to go to the rescue, he said the same thing. Luxury alone analogy, two rat acupoints. If you are brave, you will win. After a long period of submergence, suddenly you attack. He who remonstrates rashly dies, and he who remonstrates well is a guest. Beishan was first occupied, so great achievements were made. Lian Lin was tied up and Ma Fu was granted. It's impossible to mutiny by reading my father's books. Changping pit death, the mother has first for. When the imperial court elects generals, they should be cautious and hasty

Anecdotes and allusions

According to the records of the Warring States policy, after the war, Tian Dan once discussed the war with Zhao she. Contrary to Zhao she's opinion, Tian Dan thought that the more soldiers there were, the better. Because the number of soldiers would affect domestic farming and cause difficulties in food supply, it was "the way of self destruction". Because the ancient emperors had no more than 30000 troops, they could make the vassals submit to the world. However, Zhao she believed that they had to have 100000 or 200000 troops to "subdue the world" at that time It's an extravagant place.

However, Zhao she later said that the ancient world was divided into nations. The largest city was no more than 300 Zhang, and the largest population was no more than 3000. It was not difficult for generals to attack or defend with 30000 soldiers. But at that time, there were only seven heroes in the Warring States period, thousand Zhang cities and ten thousand family towns. With 30000 soldiers in the field, we will win, and there is no need to count on besieging the city. He thinks that Tian Dan not only does not know how to use soldiers, but also has a poor understanding of the real world. After hearing this, Tian Dan sighed that he didn't think so far.

Later, the king of Yan granted Ronghe the title of emperor Gaoyang to attack the state of Zhao. Zhao Dan, the king of Zhao Xiaocheng, intends to follow the example of the king of Yan and cede 57 cities of Linglu, Gaotang and Pingyuan mausoleum in three cities of Jidong to the state of Qi in exchange for Tiandan, the state of Qi, leading Zhao's army to attack Yan. Pingyuan Junjun also agrees with this practice, but Zhao she opposes it. He comments that this kind of behavior is like "destroying the army and killing the general". Zhao she thinks that the state of Zhao is not without famous generals. Taking her as an example, she points out that she once held an official position in the state of Yan and was familiar with the geography and situation of the state of Yan. It is more suitable for her to lead the troops to attack Yan than Tiandan. After all, Tiandan is a Qi people, because the success of cutting Yan will only benefit Zhao Guoguo, and Zhao Guoqiang will represent the end of Qi's hegemony. As a Qi people, Tiandan will not do such stupid things. But Pingyuan didn't listen to Zhao she's advice. In the second year, Tiandan became the Prime Minister of Zhao.

Relative members

Son: Zhao Kuo, an official to the general of Zhao state, commanded the decisive battle "the battle of Qin and Zhao Changping" in the late Warring States period.

Son: Zhao mu, General Zhao.

Sun Tzu: Zhao Xing. In 222 BC, the state of Qin destroyed Zhao. Zhao Xing, the son of Zhao mu, moved to Xianyang, Shaanxi,

Chinese PinYin : Zhao She