Wu Qingyuan

Wu Qingyuan

Wu Qingyuan (June 12, 1914 - November 30, 2014), Mingquan, named Qingyuan, is the promoter and practitioner of the world go revolution, known as "chess sage".

Born on June 12, 1914 (May 19 of the lunar calendar) in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, the family moved to Beijing. In his early years, he showed great talent in go and was known as "go prodigy". When he was 11 years old, he became a chess player of Duan qiruimen, a Northern Warlord. He often came to Yuxuan chess table in Beijing Central Park (now Zhongshan Park). He arrived in Japan at the age of 14 and began his career as a professional chess player. In 1933, at the age of 19, Wu Qingyuan used his own "new layout" to fight against a famous person named benyinfang Xiuya, turning a new page in the history of go. In 1936, he became a Japanese citizen. From 1939 to 1956, he defeated all the super first-class players in the Shifan chess arena, demoted all the top players in the Japanese chess world at that time, and created the "Wu Qingyuan era" in the go world, known as the "Showa chess sage". In the theory of go, this paper puts forward the new layout idea and Wu Qingyuan's formula represented by the great avalanche. In his later years, he focused on promoting the internationalization of go and the development of China's go. With his life experience and the integration of ancient Chinese culture, he put forward the go of the 21st century - Liuhe, which sublimates the artistic quality of go and reveals the lofty realm and vicissitudes of go.

On November 30, 2014 (the ninth day of the tenth lunar month), Wu Qingyuan died in kotanara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

Life of the characters

make first appearance

Wu Qingyuan, formerly known as Wu Quan, was born on June 12, 1914 in a salt merchant's family in Minhou County, Fujian Province (now Fuzhou City). Later, he moved to Beijing with his parents' defection to his grandfather. His father, Wu Yi, was a commoner. He studied law and politics in Japan. He loved go very much and often went to Fangyuan club. His mother, Zhang Shuwen, was the eldest daughter of Zhang Yuanqi, the Hanlin in the late Qing Dynasty and the governor of Fengtian in the Republic of China.

Wu Qingyuan's father began to be obsessed with go when he was studying in Japan. He had three periods of spare time chess ability. When he returned home, he brought back a lot of rare Japanese chess books, which had a great impact on Wu Qingyuan. Wu Qingyuan has great talent for go and the ability to never forget the chess score. Because he was ill when he was young, he was unable to carry out intense sports. With the encouragement of his father, he gradually formed the habit of devoting himself to research for a long time, and the level of go improved very quickly. He spread like wildfire, and he took the traditional Chinese chess's unique essence, and beat the name of Lin Yishu's "go go kid" after beating the Fujian old China's ancient chess. He also went to haifengxuan to play chess with Wang Yunfeng, Gu shuiru and Liu dihuai, who were the first-class players at that time. When he was 11 years old, he was introduced to Duan's Mansion by Duan Qirui's chess player Gu shuiru. Duan Aizhi paid 100 yuan a month. So the reputation gradually faded away. After Wu Qingyuan became famous, he often dealt with officials and celebrities.

In order to support his family, Wu Qingyuan, led by his Fujian compatriots, began to play chess in Japanese clubs. One day, Wu Qingyuan played a game of chess with a Japanese player. After several hours of hard fighting, he won. It was the bureau that attracted the attention of Yamazaki Youmin, a Japanese art merchant in Beijing. Yamazaki, who is familiar with the important figure of the Japanese Chess Academy, told the news that "there is a talented go boy in Beijing", which attracted the attention of setyue. In addition, Yamazaki helped the Wu family in every way. He also actively contacted and spared no effort to promote Wu Qingyuan's eastward migration to Japan. Later, he was called "one of the unforgettable benefactors" by Wu Qingyuan.

In the summer of 1926, Japanese chess players Iwamoto xunzu LiuDuan and xiaoshanding siduan came to China to play against Wu Qingyuan. "As a result, with Iwamoto xunzu LiuDuan, Sanzi won two games, and Erzi lost two games in one game. With xiaoshanding siduan, Erzi won one game." the results of the game were sent back to Japan. Young Wu Qingyuan's chess ability was greatly confirmed, and the matter of urging Wu Qingyuan to "go to Japan" suddenly became specific .

In 1927, Wu Qingyuan was 14 years old. Xiaoping Inoue, a famous Japanese go player, came to Beijing to test Wu Qingyuan's chess power. In the second round, the black team won three times over Inoue Xiaoping; in the first round, one win, one draw and one hang. When the chess score was sent back to Japan, setyue kenzuo ran enthusiastically and won Wu Qingyuan the opportunity to study on the daily living expenses of 200 yuan per month for two years, guaranteed by Yoshiro Okura, vice president of the Japanese Chess Academy. At home, Yang Zian was entrusted by Japanese Minister Fangze (son-in-law of dog raising wooden hall) to take care of and contact him. Everything was ready. Setyue then sent an invitation letter to Wu Qingyuan.

Eastward to Japan

In 1928, sent by setae, yutaro Shiduan Hashimoto came to China to arrange a chess test with Wu Qingyuan and study in Japan. During this period, yutaro Hashimoto let Wu Qingyuan play chess with the first two games of the test chess are defeated.

On October 23 of the same year, Wu Qingyuan went to Japan to study. At that time, the Japanese celebrity Xiuya personally led the chess players to the railway station to meet him. When Wu Qingyuan arrived in Japan, Yoshiro Okura, then president of the Japanese Chess Academy, promised to subsidize Wu Qingyuan 200 yen a month for a period of two years. Two years later, whether Wu Qingyuan can gain a foothold in Japan, that is, whether he can be recognized as a chess player by the Japanese Chess Academy, depends on whether his chess ability can make great progress.

The Japanese Chess Academy organized a review meeting to grade Wu Qingyuan. There were seven members at the review meeting: Hideki moto, Hideki Iwamoto, kenzuo setae, Junichiro Suzuki, Shinzo Kato, fumigation Iwamoto, and chiyotaro Onoda. At the meeting, seven members were selected to fight Wu Qingyuan respectively, including Masaki sakara (4), Yoshio murajima (4), Maeda chen'er (4), yutaro Hashimoto (4), chiyotaro Onoda (6), Takeshi (4) and hidaya benyinfang (9). Wu Qingyuan was the first to win over Yoshimi ogahara, Yoshiya benyinfang and Yoshio murajima. On the basis of this achievement, Wu Qingyuan was rated as three paragraphs. After being rated as the third paragraph, Wu Qingyuan continued to play against the other four. The rest of the team lost all the games. Wu Qingyuan believed that Mu Gushi was the first enemy he met.

In 1929, Wu Qingyuan met Mu Gushi in the challenge arena competition sponsored by current affairs news, creating a precedent of "imitating chess".

In 1930, Wu Qingyuan was promoted to four stages. In that year, he became an official chess player in the Japanese Chess Academy and began to participate in the grand hand match (equivalent to the level match) twice in the spring and autumn of the year.

In 1931, Wu Qingyuan took part in a chess match sponsored by Tokyo current affairs news agency. The competition adopts the single elimination system. Wu Qingyuan won a series of victories, and 18 chess players were defeated by him. His winning streak has attracted the attention of Japanese chess circles, and the current affairs news agency has continuously published his match for more than half a year.

In the spring competition of 1932, he won all the competitions and won the first place; in the autumn competition of the same year, he only lost to Shimao Chunyi, and his place was tied with that of Takeshi.

invincible

In 1939, it rose to seven sections. So far, the first-class chess players in Japan played "Shifan", "Liufan" and "Sanfan". Among them, "Shifan chess" is the most outstanding. In 1939, he played shifanqi against Takeshi, 1941 against yanjinzhun, 1946 and 1950 against yutaro Hashimoto twice, 1943, 1951 and 1952 against kuzhizhu fujizawa three times, 1953 against Rongnan Sakata and 1955 against Kawakawa. In the above ten games, all the opponents except yanjinzhunyi will be reduced to the first or the first. Therefore, it is recognized as the first person in the world of go.

In 1941, Wu Qingyuan entered into an engagement with Zhongyuan Hezi, a girl from Tokyo Normal University. She married on February 7, 1942 and moved to Zhongyuan Hezi's family after marriage.

In March 1942, Wu Qingyuan was promoted to eight sections.

In February 1949, Wu Qingyuan acquired the nationality of "Republic of China".

In February 1950, Wu Qingyuan was awarded Jiuduan by the Japanese Chess Academy.

After 1957, Wu Qingyuan won the first place in Japan's first and third strongest decisive battles.

Declaration of seclusion

In 1961, Wu Qingyuan was in a car accident, and then suffered from tuberculosis. Since then, he has withdrawn from all major competitions, but he is obsessed with go.

In 1979, Wu Qingyuan became Japanese again.

In 1984, Wu Qingyuan officially announced his retirement by holding a retirement ceremony in the hotel.

In 1985, Wu Qingyuan achieved the first visit to Chinese mainland after the war.

In 1986, Wu became an honorary doctor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

In April 2014, Wu Qingyuan was awarded the "special contribution award" by the Beijing Municipal Party committee and Beijing municipal government; in August of the same year, he was awarded the "Contribution Award for peaceful development" by the Chinese people's Association for friendship with foreign countries, known as the "ambassador of China Japan Friendship"; in November of the same year, he was awarded the "outstanding contribution award for go development" by the China Go Association.

The Returned

At 1:11 a.m. on November 30, 2014, Wu Qingyuan died at the age of 100 in kotanara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

On November 28, 2017, on the eve of the third anniversary of Wu Qingyuan's death, he was officially buried in Sanshan humanistic Memorial Park in Fuzhou.

Main achievements

Actual results

In 1933, at the age of 19, Wu Qingyuan was promoted to wuduan. This year, he won the second place in the spring competition, and tied with Mu Gushi for the first place in the autumn competition. In the same year, Yomiuri news agency launched the elite competition. In the competition, Wu Qingyuan won a series of competitions against his rivals, Takeshi and yutaro Hashimoto, and won the right to compete with the celebrity Xiuya. Wu Qingyuan took the lead in this game. He started to use the layout of "three, three, star, Tianyuan". The lower part of the first child is in the position of "three, three" in the upper right corner. In Xiuya's chess school, this is called "ghost gate", which is taboo

Chinese PinYin : Wu Qing Yuan