Pan Xing

John Joseph Pershing

John Joseph Pershing (September 13, 1860 - July 15, 1948) was born in lacryland, Linz County, Missouri, USA. The famous American strategist and army general, also known as "general hammer", also known as "spade Jack".

After graduating from West Point in 1886, Pershing served in the US Army cavalry. From 1890 to 1891, he was awarded by the U.S. Army for his outstanding performance in fighting against Indians in New Mexico and South Dakota. From 1897 to 1898, he was a tactical instructor at West Point. During the Spanish American war in 1898, he took part in the battle in Cuba.

Life of the characters

Pan Xing (1860-1948) Pershing, John Joseph, American strategist and super general.

He graduated from West Point in 1886 and served in the cavalry.

From 1880 to 1891, he took part in the operations of exterminating the Indians in the southwestern United States and South Dakota.

From 1897 to 1898, he served as the tactical instructor of West Point Military Academy. During the Spanish American war, he took part in the invasion of Cuba.

In 1899, he served in the Philippines and participated in the suppression of the armed uprising of the Moro people.

In 1905, he served as a military officer in Japan and a military observer in the Russo Japanese war.

In 1906, he was promoted from captain to brigadier general.

From 1906 to 1913, he served in the Philippines again.

From 1912 to 1917, the U.S. Army intervened in the suppression of more than 10000 Mexican peasants.

In April 1917, after the United States announced its participation in the first World War, he served as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force, organizing and commanding the training and operations of the U.S. Army on the French front. At the end of the war, he led the U.S. Army to conduct separate battles such as St. MIELLE, and jointly launched a general attack on Germany with the British and French forces, breaking through the Hindenburg defense line and forcing Germany to surrender.

In 1921, he was the chief of staff of the US Army.

He retired in 1924. Author of "my experience in the world war" and other books.

Memorabilia

He graduated from West Point in 1886.

He served as a military officer in Japan from 1904 to 1905.

From 1916 to 1917, he led 12000 US troops to Mexico.

In 1917, the United States joined the first World War, served as the commander of the U.S. expeditionary force in Europe, and became a hero of the U.S. Army in the war.

In 1919, he was promoted to the rank of army general, the first army general in the history of the US Army.

He was chief of staff of the army in 1921.

He retired in 1924.

Career

Pershing (John Joseph Pershing), a famous American military strategist and army general, also known as "general hammer", was born in lacryland, Linz County, Missouri.

After graduating from West Point in 1886, he served in the US Army cavalry.

From 1890 to 1891, he performed well in the "conquest and suppression" of Indians in New Mexico and South Dakota, and was awarded by the U.S. Army. From 1897 to 1898, he was a tactical instructor at West Point.

During the Spanish American war in 1898, he took part in the battle in Cuba.

From 1899 to 1903, he served in the US Army in the Philippines and participated in the suppression of the Philippine people's uprising.

From 1904 to 1905, he served as military officer in Japan and military observer in the Russo Japanese war.

In 1906, he was recognized by President Roosevelt and promoted from captain to brigadier general.

From 1906 to 1913, he served in the Philippines again and served as fortress commander and provincial governor.

In 1914, he was the commander of the 8th brigade.

In 1916-1917, he led 15000 expeditionary troops to invade Mexico and suppress the local peasant guerrillas.

In September, he commanded the US 1st army to independently carry out the battles of Saint MIELLE and Merz agone. In October, he served as the commander of the group army and the number of troops under his jurisdiction increased to more than 2 million. At the beginning of November, he led the army to launch a general attack against the German army in cooperation with the British and French allied forces, breaking through the Hindenburg line and forcing Germany to surrender.

In September 1919, he was officially promoted to General of the army.

After the war, he was chief of staff of the US Army since 1921.

He retired in 1924 and served as chairman of the US war memorial Committee.

Personal evaluation

In 1917, when French commander-in-chief bedan and British commander-in-chief Haig heard that the commander of the American Expeditionary Force was Pershing, they were surprised: "terrible Jack". How could it be him? This is a tough guy to deal with!

"Terrible Jack" -- Pershing, a well-known overseas nickname, was given to him privately by his subordinates who revered him, because his requirements for military appearance and discipline were almost intolerable. Pan Xing is a perfectionist. Even after he retired from active service, he appeared in public as a regular soldier with straight waist, well shaved clothes, polished riding boots, military etiquette and meticulous manners until the moment of his death. At the same time, pan Xing, who is strict with himself, does not treat others leniently. He asks his subordinates to be the same as him. He believes that the difference between soldiers and militia lies in whether they have a strict military capacity. Only with a strict military capacity can regular soldiers fight as well as win.

However, pan Xing never put on airs when he was in charge of the army. He paid special attention to training and emphasized that training should start from actual combat. Before the first World War, the U.S. army trained mainly according to its combat experience during the civil war. After participating in the war, pan Xing not only learned from the experience of British, French and German forces, but also required the troops to carry out the tactical training of trench warfare. He also asked the US troops to overcome the negative thinking of British and French forces trapped in the trench front and strengthen the breakthrough tactical training of "firepower and mobility".

personal anecdote

Rigorous style

In the first World War, when the allies and allies were exhausted, the US military stepped on the land of Europe as a living force. Their mission was to help the British and French forces defeat the German forces. However, Pershing was not in a hurry to fight, but seriously carried out pre war training, which made the British and French who were struggling in the trenches extremely anxious. Even Pershing's staff also reminded him: "our training plan will take too long, which will make people feel that the German prediction is correct - before the collapse of the British and French forces, the U.S. military can not reach the front line!" However, Pershing only coldly dropped a sentence: "I don't know what the Germans think, I only know that soldiers without training can't fight!"

Pershing's rigorous style is admired by all American politicians who have dealt with him. When Pershing was a captain, President Theodore Roosevelt wanted to promote him to major or lieutenant commander. When President Roosevelt found that the law of the United States did not allow him to do so, he simply took advantage of the power of the president and promoted him directly to brigadier general, surpassing 882 officers of higher rank than pan Xing. This is unique in American history.

However, politicians and militarists in Britain and France did not like Pershing. When Pershing led the U.S. expeditionary army to enter the war zone while training, his British and French counterparts really realized his strength. Britain and France originally intended to use the U.S. military only as a strengthening force, not to give it independent command, only to let the United States play a supporting role. But Pershing saw through the political intentions of Britain and France. At a coalition meeting, in the presence of British Prime Minister Lloyd George and French Prime Minister Clemenceau, he declared that the US military must have an independent direction of operations and that he must independently direct us military operations. With that, he walked away. Under his active struggle, Britain and France had to agree that the US Army should maintain its independence on the battlefield.

Pan Xing's strategic consciousness in exchange for his independent combat command position laid a solid foundation for the United States to establish its own military position in international affairs after World War I. Therefore, when he returned home as a hero with strategist vision, Pershing was warmly welcomed by the American people, and was awarded the first rank of army general since the founding of the United States.

He Bu chin Dun

If there was no World War I, the relationship between Pershing and Barton would be more interesting. Before Pershing went to France to command the U.S. Army, he and Barton's sister Nita were ready to get engaged. They had an appointment to hold a wedding after the end of World War I. If the wedding is successful, then according to our Chinese concept, Pershing is Barton's brother-in-law. Unfortunately, due to the first World War, Pershing and Nita didn't see each other for more than a year, and they didn't get together. They held a farewell ceremony under Patton's arrangement. They became friends peacefully, and they were single all the time. Pershing was 55 years old when he met Nita. Before that, Pershing had a happy family with his wife and children, but an unexpected fire destroyed his family.

One day Barton went to Pershing and he said I was going to the fighting forces. Pershing is very familiar with Barton. Pershing has a nickname "terrible Jack". Why is he called "terrible Jack"? Because pan Xing is very particular about military appearance and discipline, pan Xing can't allow his subordinates' shoes to be a little dusty. Once, during the armed intervention in Mexico, when the troops arrived at their destination in a hurry, they were so tired that they had no time to polish their shoes. At that time, pan Xing was very angry when he saw it. He criticized the officers on duty and ordered everyone to get up and polish their shoes immediately. Then he took a look at Barton. He saw that Barton's shoes were shining brightly. Pershing said that he would do as he did. You would do as he did. So Pershing likes Barton very much, and Barton respects his boss very much

Chinese PinYin : Pan Xing