Mingshenzong

Zhu Yijun

Zhu Yijun, emperor of Ming Dynasty

(September 4, 1563 to August 18, 1620), male, Han nationality, the 13th emperor of Ming Dynasty, the third son of Mu Zongzhu Zaidi, and his mother Xiaoding, Empress Dowager Li.

On March 11, 1568, he was made the crown prince. In 1572, Emperor Mu Zong of the Ming Dynasty died. Ten year old Zhu Yijun ascended the throne. He was named Wanli and served for 48 years. He was the longest emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

In the first ten years of the reign of emperor Shenzong of Ming Dynasty, Zhang Juzheng, the first assistant of the cabinet, presided over the government affairs. Zhang Juzheng implemented a series of reform measures, which made great social and economic development and created a situation of "Wanli resurgence". From the 20th year to the 28th year of Wanli (1592-1600), he presided over the three great expeditions of Wanli, which consolidated the territory of Ming Dynasty, but also cost a lot of money. In the later period of Ming Shenzong's reign, he did not go to court for 28 years, but the dynasty could still operate as usual. In the 24th year of Wanli (1596), eunuchs were sent to work as tax envoys of mines and plundered people's property, which aroused people's resistance many times. In his later years, the party struggle resulted from the establishment of an heir. In 1619, Shenzong sent elite troops to Liaodong in an attempt to destroy Nurhachi at one stroke, but they were defeated in the battle of Sarhu, and the Ming army turned to the defensive.

On July 21, 1620, Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty died at the age of 58

Shenzong

His posthumous title is fan Tianhe, a Taoist, Su Dun, Jian Guang, and his article is Wu Anren

Emperor Xian

The tomb of the Ming Tombs. After his death, Zhu Changluo, the eldest son, succeeded to the throne. Only 24 years after the death of Ming Shenzong, the Ming Dynasty perished.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhu Yijun was born on August 17, 1563 (September 4, 1563), the third son of Zhu Zaidi in Ming Dynasty. Mu Zong had four sons in Ming Dynasty, the eldest son Zhu Yizhi and the second son Zhu Yiqian. The fourth son Zhu Yiliu and Zhu Yijun were born to the Li family. In his later years, Emperor Jiajing, Zhu Yijun's grandfather, was superstitious in Taoism. He said, "if there is a word involved, one will die." therefore, no one dares to report the birth of Zhu Yijun to Emperor Jiajing, let alone name him. It was not until the 10th day of the first month of the first year of Longqing (1567) that the court officials invited the crown prince. On the 18th day of the same month, Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty gave him the name of Zhu Yijun. Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty said: to give you a name, Jun, means that the king controls the world, just like turning Jun, which means a lot. You should never forget.

On March 11, 1568, Zhu Yijun became the eldest of his father's and son's heirs, so he was appointed as the crown prince and was in the east palace. Zhu Yijun's biological mother, Empress Dowager Li, had a humble life. She was originally a palace lady, but later she was promoted to the rank of imperial concubine with her precious son. The crown prince is the future emperor. If he wants to govern the country and the people in the future, he must receive education from a young age, understand the experience and lessons of the emperors in the past, be familiar with the allusions of the imperial rules, and master the skills of controlling the subjects. Although Zhu Yijun was young, he knew this very well. Mu Zong appointed a group of ministers as instructors to help him study. Zhu Yijun studies very hard. Li's mother is very strict in teaching children. When Zhu Yijun was a little slack, Empress Dowager Li called him to kneel in front of him. Every time she met with the lecturer, Empress Dowager Li always asked the lecturer to teach in person. Every time I met the early court, I arrived at Zhu Yijun's bedroom at the fifth night and called him up early. Thanks to the dedicated guidance of the lecturer, the strict discipline of Empress Dowager Li, and the hard work of Zhu Yijun himself, Zhu Yijun became more and more advanced. Later, he himself often said with great pride: "I can read when I am five years old."

Chong Ling Jian Zuo

On May 22, 1572, muzong of Ming Dynasty was critically ill. Three days later, Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng and Gao Yi were summoned to the palace. When Gao Gong and others entered the eastern chamber of the palace, they saw Mu Zong of the Ming Dynasty sitting on the Royal couch. Behind the curtain beside the couch sat the empress Chen's family and the imperial concubine Li's family. The 10-year-old Prince Zhu Yijun was standing on the right side of the Royal couch. Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty grasped Gao Gong's hand and supported him when he was in danger. The imperial edict read by Feng Baoxuan, the eunuch of rites, to the crown prince Zhu Yijun: "the imperial edict and the crown prince. I can't do it, Emperor. As a matter of etiquette, we should ask for it. You should follow the guidance of the three assistant ministers and the Department of rites and supervisors, study and cultivate morality, use the talents to make use of their abilities, and keep the emperor's career After they were entrusted, they burst into tears. On May 26, Emperor muzong of Ming Dynasty collapsed in Qianqing palace. On the 10th of June, crown prince Zhu Yijun officially ascended the throne, and in the following year, he changed to Wanli.

At the beginning of Emperor Wanli's accession to the throne, Gao Gong, a great scholar, immediately submitted five new deal issues to his royal family, asking him to listen to the government, answer the invitation personally, meet the assistant ministers, discuss important issues, and send them to the cabinet to see the detailed draft after reading the chapter, so as to prevent the internal approval from staying in China. Although Gao Gong's original intention is "to punish the dictatorship of the middle ranking officials by taking charge of the young emperor, and to request the minister to return the power of propriety to the cabinet", it can be seen that his original intention is not improper for the urgency of the young emperor's instruction day and night. However, at that time, when there was a great deal of national suspicion, "shangchong's year was filled with guilt, and he was forced to accept the imperial examination in the two palaces. He had no self-control over his power, for fear that the foreign court would be good at it.". In terms of reading, Zhu Yijun also insisted from the very beginning on following the old system of his ancestors, holding a day to speak, holding a banquet, reading classics and historical books. Among all the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, except Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yijun was rare. After Zhu Yijun ascended the throne, according to the suggestion of Zhang Juzheng, the cabinet chief assistant, he drove the Wenhua hall every day at the beginning of the sun to listen to Confucian ministers and read scriptures. After a short rest, he returned to the lecture hall and read the history books again. Return to the palace at the end of lunch. Only on the third, sixth and ninth day of each month can we temporarily avoid speaking and reading. In addition, even in the middle of winter, the heat never stops.

Cabinet dispute

When Zhu Yijun ascended the throne, a prominent problem was that the cabinet was in a state of strife, and the whole court failed to recover the long-standing malpractice of the Jiajing Dynasty. This social problem will become more intense in the future. According to the layout of Mu Zong, Gao Gong was the most important minister in the imperial court. In the palace, Zhu Yijun naturally relied on Feng Bao. However, the relationship between Feng Bao and Gao Gong is very bad. Before that, Gao Gong had recommended Chen Hong and Meng Chong for the vacancy of the position of the Secretary for rites, but he didn't want Feng Bao to be the eunuch. Shenzong himself also ordered them in the imperial edict: in the year of Chong, we relied on the civil and military forces to support the virtuous, "to seek common understanding and to reform with the people.".

Feng Bao was very popular with Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty because he was knowledgeable and had literary and artistic qualities. Feng Baoli used the power vacuum between the changes of imperial power to expel Meng Chong, the political enemy, through the imperial edict, and personally served as the eunuch in charge of rites. At this time, Gao Gong, the chief assistant of the cabinet, wanted to get rid of Feng Bao. Under Gao Gong's instruction, Cheng Wen, Li, Li and Lu Shude began to impeach Feng Bao. Therefore, a political struggle is inevitable. In the struggle, Feng Bao and Gao Gong are the two sides of the conflict, while Zhang Juzheng is ostensibly helping Gao Gong. But in fact, Zhang Juzheng had a very close relationship with Feng Bao and had planned to drive Gao Gong away for a long time.

In the late Ming Dynasty, Gao Gong was the first assistant of the cabinet. After Shenzong ascended the throne, Gao Gong "boasted a little and was arrogant and domineering", which just violated the great precepts of "conceit and trust, concentration, even guessing inside and avoiding outside", and finally lost in the officialdom competition. As a result of the change of personnel, Zhang Juzheng was promoted to the first assistant of the cabinet in order, and was duty bound to shoulder the heavy responsibility of training Emperor Wanli. The political shock also had a profound impact on the birth of the young Emperor Wanli: "the suspicion of dictatorship is deep in the heart of emperor Zhongdi, and the Kui handle is held alone, so as to end his life. Late though tired and diligent, but between inside and outside, no longer coerce, wanton as early years. It's the main skill, and it's the best way to get it. " Moreover, Gao Gong is stubborn and biased. When Emperor Mu Zong died in Ming Dynasty, Gao Gong was in charge of youguowei. When he cried bitterly, he said, "how does the ten year old prince govern the world?" After Shenzong ascended the throne, Feng Bao distorted this sentence and changed it to "Gao Gong said that a ten-year-old child can't be an emperor.". When Shenzong heard this, "the suspicion of autocracy is deep in the heart of emperor Zhongdi.". On June 16, 1572, he was removed from office and replaced by Zhang Juzheng. Since then, Shenzong had been in power for 48 years, and always insisted on self-control. He said, "if you give up and seize it, but not by the imperial court, how can I rule the world?"

As soon as Gao Gong left, Gao Yi also died of vomiting blood for three days. At the same time, economic and political problems are piling up. In the face of all these difficulties, the Wanli emperor did not flinch. In order to "consolidate the emperor's plan forever", he firmly grasped the power of "employing people only by himself" and seizing life and death in the imperial court with the air of "young emperor". He made great efforts to govern and implement the new deal. Zhu Yijun made great achievements in the first ten years of his reign.

Taiyue assistant administrator

After Zhang Juzheng was the first assistant to the cabinet, Zhu Yijun entrusted the affairs of the inner court to Feng Bao, "and the big handle appointed him to be the chief assistant.". Zhang Juzheng was not only entrusted with important tasks, but also respected politely. He would be called "Yuanfu Mr. Zhang", or "Mr. Zhang", and never called his name directly. On June 19, 1572, just a few days after Zhang Juzheng took office, Zhu Yijun summoned him alone on the platform (i.e. the rear left door) to discuss major plans. Since emperor Mu Zong of the Ming Dynasty never summoned a minister, this event caused a sensation at that time, which made the court officials see Zhu Yijun's spirit and determination of inheriting industry and governing the country, and greatly improved Zhang Juzheng's prestige.

Zhu Yijun fully supported Zhang Juzheng from thought to action, and worked together to carry out the reform and implement the Wanli new deal. The main measure of political reform is the Zhangzuo "kaochengfa" carried out in the first year of Wanli (1573). It is aimed at the bureaucratic style and clerical principle, intended to "respect sovereignty, class officials, letter rewards and punishments, one order", improve the efficiency of the imperial court

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