Jingxing

Wang Lang

Wang Lang (?)? His real name is Wang Yan and his character is Jingxing. Donghai County Tan county (now Tancheng County, Linyi City, Shandong Province) people. From the end of Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms Cao Wei period, he was an important official and Confucian scholar.

In his early years, Wang Lang learned from Taiwei Yang Ci and was worshipped as a doctor because he was familiar with classics. Later, because of Yang Ci's death, he abandoned his official mourning, which should not be filial and honest. Tao Qian, the governor of Xuzhou, regarded him as a maocai, and worshipped him as a governor of China. Later, he was promoted to Kuaiji Prefecture, and was loved by the people. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Wang Lang led his army to resist sun CE and was finally captured by sun CE. Wang Lang tolerated the plight of exile and refused to work for sun CE. Later, he was conquered by Cao Cao and arrived at Xudu for several years. He was worshipped as a counsellor and a military officer. After the establishment of the kingdom of Wei, he served as the commander-in-chief of Wei County, and also served as Shaofu, Fengchang, Dali and so on. When Cao Pi succeeded to the throne, he moved to the imperial censor and became the Marquis of an lingting. After the establishment of Cao Wei, he was changed to Sikong and became Marquis of Leping. After Cao Rui succeeded to the throne, he took Huaxin as situ and became Marquis of Lanling.

In 228, Wang Lang passed away with the posthumous title of Cheng. His granddaughter Wang Yuanji married Sima Zhao, Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty, and was born Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and Sima you, King Xian of Qi Dynasty.

Wang Lang and his son Wang Su are both masters of Confucian classics. He is the author of Zhouyi Zhuan, Chunqiu Zhuan, Xiaojing Zhuan, Zhouguan Zhuan, etc., and has 34 volumes of anthology, most of which have been lost.

Life of the characters

Assistant Prime Minister Tao Qian

In his early years, Wang Lang learned from Taiwei Yang Ci and was a doctor because he was familiar with classics. In 185, Yang CI died, and Wang Lang abandoned his official position to mourn for him. After the mourning period, he should not be ordered to be promoted to be filial and honest and to be conquered by the government. Later, he was promoted to maocai by Xuzhou governor Tao Qian.

In 193, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was controlled by Li Xi and Guo Si. Wang Lang was in charge of the central government of Xuzhou at that time. Zhao Yu suggested that Tao Qian send an envoy to pay tribute to Emperor Xian to show his support for the Han Dynasty. Tao Qian obeyed and ordered Zhao Yu to bring a memorial to Chang'an. After receiving the memorial, Emperor Xian appreciated it and promoted Tao Qian to general Mu and Anton of Xuzhou. Wang Lang was also appointed as the prefect of Kuaiji.

Kuaiji Shouyu

After Wang Lang arrived in Kuaiji, he saw that the local people still offered sacrifices to the first emperor of Qin and shared the temple with Xia Yu. Wang Lang thought that the first emperor of Qin Dynasty was a king without virtue and did not deserve people's sacrifice, so he banned this behavior. He has been in office for four years and is loved by the local people.

In the first year of Jian'an (196), sun CE, who swept the east of the Yangtze River, led his troops to attack Kuaiji. However, Wang Lang thought that he was an official of the imperial court and should protect the city, so he decided to fight against sun CE and resist in Guling. Sun CE crossed the water several times and was repulsed by Wang Lang's troops. Later, with the advice of Sun Jing, sun CE's uncle, Wang Lang was defeated and fled to Jiaozhou. When he went to Dongye, he was chased by sun CE and had to surrender. Because Wang Lang is gentle and elegant, sun CE only interrogates and rebukes Wang Lang without harming him. Sun CE once sent an important official Zhang Zhao to persuade Wang Lang to serve him, but Wang Lang refused. As a result, Wang Lang was exiled and poor. In the morning, he could not predict what would happen that night. However, he took care of his relatives and friends, gave them more and got less from them. His moral deeds were very significant.

Return to the imperial court

Later, Cao Cao enlisted Wang Lang. Wang Lang set out from qua county and went to Xudu. However, due to the long experience of war, the road was blocked, and it took several years to get to the post. After Wang Lang arrived in Xudu, he was first appointed as a counsellor and a military officer.

In the 18th year of Jian'an (213), the state of Wei was established, and Wang Lang led the Wei prefect with the status of military sacrificial wine. Later, he successively served as Shaofu, Fengchang and Dali.

Wang Lang's business is to forgive the offender. When the charge is doubtful, the punishment will be lighter. Both Wang Lang and Zhong Yao are famous for their prison treatment.

Cao weisangong

In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi (Emperor Wen of Wei) succeeded the queen of Wei, and Wang langqian was appointed the imperial historian and Marquis of anling Pavilion. Wang Lang once advised Cao Pi to reduce the punishment and prison, to help the young and the weak, and to help the people recuperate. In the same year, Cao Pi was granted the title of emperor by Emperor Xiandi, changed the imperial historian to Sikong, and became the Marquis of Leping. Cao Pi often went out hunting and sometimes returned to the palace in the middle of the night. Wang Lang went to Shanghai for advice, and Cao Pi did not return to the palace in the middle of the night.

In 221, the battle of Wu and Shu Yi mausoleums broke out. Some people thought that they should raise troops to support Dongwu, which was called a vassal state, and swallow up the Shu Han at one stroke. But Wang Lang thought that they should wait for the two armies to meet each other before leading the support, and sent heavy generals to attack the key points of the Shu army and win the battle at one stroke. At that time, Dongwu had not yet started troops, and it often rained, which was not conducive to the March, so he opposed. Cao Pi obeyed.

Later, Cao Pi recruited sun Deng, the eldest son of Sun Quan, as general of dongzhonglang, but Sun Deng did not come. Cao Pi then went to Daxing garrison in Xuchang, intending to attack Dongwu. Wang Lang heard that Sun Quan's answer did not arrive. Once sun Deng arrived after the Vietnam army, it had a great influence. So he opposed sending troops and suggested strengthening border defense to prevent the attack of Dongwu. At that time, Cao Pi went out to fight as an army, but Sun Deng never came. Cao Pi withdrew after he arrived at the Yangtze River.

In the first year of Taihe (227), Cao Rui, the emperor of Wei and Ming, ascended to the throne and became the Marquis of Lanling. Cao Rui had written to admonish him to build a palace.

In 228, Wang Lang died, and his posthumous title was Chenghou. His son, Su, was the Marquis of Lanling.

In the fourth year of Zhengshi (243), Wang Lang, Cao Zhen and others were entitled to Cao Cao Temple because of their merits.

Achievements in Confucian classics

Wang Lang is well-known for his erudition and Confucian classics. In December of the sixth year of Zhengshi (246), the imperial court of Wei took the Zhouyi Zhuan written by Wang Lang as the content of examination for those who study Zhouyi.

Later generations called the thought in Wang Lang's Annotation "Wang Xue". Wang Lanzi and Wang Su are the representatives of Wang Xue. Wang Su's annotations of Shangshu, Shi, Lunyu and Zuozhuan were listed as academic officials and doctors in Jin Dynasty. It's lost today. Because Wang Su was the forefather of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, it was popular with the support of the imperial court, and once prevailed over Zheng Xue. Wang Xue gradually declined after the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Wang Lang has a collection of 30 volumes, and is the author of Zhouyi Zhuan, Chunqiu Zhuan, Xiaojing Zhuan, Zhouguan Zhuan, etc. It also includes dongla no court table, Lun Yue Wu table, Shang Qiu Zheng Dai min table, Jian Xing Jie Ye table, Da Wen Di table, Jian Yu Min Sheng Xing Xing Shu, Jian Wen Di's hunting tour, Jian Dong Zheng Shu, Jian Ming Di Ying Xiu Gong Shi Shu, Shang Xu Zi Shang Shu, Shang Qiu Xu Xu Zhu Bu Zhang Deng, Shang Liu Zuan and so on《 He Shuo's story, Zou Yi Jian, impeachment of Wang Ling but not Wang Ji, Si Gu Yi, Xingshi and Wu Qushu, Gaiyuan Yi, Yi Zhen Yu Yi, Yi Bu Fu Fu, dui sun cejie, Da Taizu's advice on Sun Quan, Yi Sun Bo Fu Shu, Yu Wei Taizi Shu, Yu Xu Wen Xiu Shu, Yu Yu Yu Shu Zhongyao book, on mourning clothes book, Xianglun, zazhen, qiongiyu, saishi.

Character evaluation

General comments

Wang Lang's intelligence is outstanding, but his personality is rigorous and generous. He is a prudence and thrifty person. Even if he receives gifts from the wedding banquet, he will not receive any. He often sneers at the people who have the reputation of charity, but do not sympathize with the poor, so he often uses his own property to help others.

Historical evaluation

Yu Fan: I heard that Mingfu and Wangfu were as famous as Zhongzhou. They lived in the sea. Although they lived in the East, they often looked forward to them.

Cao Pi: these three gongs are great men of a generation, and they are difficult to be continued in the future!

Cao Zhi: you can distinguish between the English and the Chinese, and you can see the differences. Virtue and reality are filled in the interior, knowledge and strategy are in the exterior. Wang situ was also the one who solved doubts, explained stagnation and dissected cross examination.

Zhuge Liang: Liu Yao and Wang Lang were in charge of the prefectures and counties respectively. They talked about an Yan Ji and moved the sages. They were full of doubts and difficulties. They didn't fight this year and won't fight next year, which made sun CE sit in a big position and then merged with Jiangdong.

Wang Shen: he is talented and elegant, but he is strict, generous, dignified and thrifty.

Chen Shou

：

Wang Lang is rich in culture and wealth, and his sincerity is also great. Wei Chu Zuo, Zhao Deng San Si, Sheng Yi Fu!

Zhang Hua: Wang Zhihua, the cover is beyond the body, the reason why it goes further.

Pei Songzhi: Wang and Huagong were not able to resist the fierce attack when they were in trouble. Xin's name and virtue are higher than Lang's, but Jiang Biao's rumor is that Hua's reputation at home is better than Wang's. However, the prince refused to fight, but Hua Ni asked him to serve. In fact, sun CE Chu was the first to rise. His name was small and few. Therefore, if the king could raise his troops, how could he win? After the policy, the power turned to be powerful, and the power was invincible. It was not necessary to use Zhong Xiang's theory that Hua could stop by his strength. If you change your place and live in it, you will be convinced by the Chinese war.

Li Ciming: according to Hua's rule of guarding Yu, the soldiers will meet when they arrive; Wang's rule of guarding Kuaiji still knows how to refuse to fight. Cao family, the Chinese Communist Party, was led by the wall; Wang was recruited by Cao for many years. This covers the so-called "beyond the form of learning, go further". No matter whether they are good or bad.

Anecdotes and allusions

Advantages and disadvantages of huawang

It is recorded in Yin Yun's novels and Shi Shuo Xin Yu that Wang Lang respected Hua Xin with his knowledge in his middle age. Hua Xin had a banquet with his nephew on the day of wax sacrifice to the eight gods at the end of the year, and Wang Lang also learned from him. Later, someone mentioned it to Zhang Hua. Zhang Hua said: "Wang Lang's learning from Hua Xin is something beyond the human body, so it is far from him."

There is also a story about Wang Lang in Shishuoxinyu: Hua Xin and Wang Lang took a boat to seek refuge together. There was a man who wanted to take their boat. Hua Xin said that he was in a dilemma. But Wang Lang said, "fortunately, the boat is quite spacious. Why not?" When the robber came, Wang Lang wanted to leave the man alone. "It was for this that I hesitated at first," Hua said. Since he was allowed to take our boat, how could he be abandoned because of the critical situation? " therefore

Chinese PinYin : Jing Xing