Cai Gongshi

Cai Gongshi

Cai Gongshi (1881-1928) was born in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. In his early years, he publicized the progressive national thought in the name of lecturing. Later, he went to Japan to study, met Sun Yat Sen, and joined the Chinese League. In 1911, he participated in the revolution of 1911, instigating Jiangxi's independence. In 1913, he took part in the movement to protect yuan's law, and then studied in the Department of political economy of Imperial University of Tokyo. In 1916, he founded the University of the Republic of China in Peking After 1917, he served as the counsellor of the Grand Marshal's office of the French garrison government in Guangzhou and the commissar of Shanghai Industrial and Trade Commission; in 1924, he followed Sun Yat Sen to the north; in 1928, he served as the field administrative commissar and director of the Foreign Office of the general command of the national revolutionary army. When the Northern Expedition army entered Shandong, Japan was afraid that once China was reunified, it would not allow it to invade wantonly, so it tried its best to obstruct the northern expedition. Cai Gongshi was ordered to go to Jinan to negotiate with the Japanese side. He argued and denounced the atrocities of the Japanese aggressors. He was killed by the Japanese aggressors.

Life of the characters

Cai Gongshi (1881-1928), a native of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, studied Confucian classics and history at an early age. In 1902, he organized a lecture in shensuoranzhai. In fact, he publicized the revolution. He was soon closed down. Later, he went to Japan to study at Hongwen school in Tokyo and joined the Chinese League. He took min Bao as a front to engage in revolutionary propaganda against the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.

After returning to China, he joined Guangdong with Huang Xing, Tan Renfeng and others in 1904 to participate in the battle of imperial incorruption. After failure, he left Vietnam, and then returned to Jiangxi to serve as a professor of law and politics school for secret revolutionary propaganda. In 1913, after the failure of the second revolution, he returned to Japan to study in the Department of politics and economics of Imperial University of Tokyo.

After 1917, he served as a counsellor in the Grand Marshal's office of the French garrison government in Guangzhou; in 1922, he served as a counsellor in the fifth division and later as a secretary; in 1926, he served as a member of the Shanghai Industry Commission; in May 1927, he served as a supervisor of jinlingguan.

In the spring of 1928, he served as the field administrative committee member and director of the Foreign Affairs Office of the general command of the National Revolutionary Army, accompanying the Northern Expedition; on May 1, he entered Jinan and served as the Shandong negotiator of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the national government; at that time, in order to prevent the British and American forces from developing to the north of China, the Japanese government sent troops to occupy Jinan on the pretext of protecting the overseas Chinese.

On May 3, the Japanese aggressors provoked the incident, wantonly hunted and killed Chinese soldiers and civilians, creating a "Jinan Massacre" that shocked China and foreign countries. On the afternoon of that day, the Japanese army surrounded the Shandong negotiation office located at Jingsi road and Xiaowei 6th Road in Jinan commercial port. At this time, Cai Gongshi just took over the work of the negotiation office. At 9 pm, more than 50 Japanese soldiers entered the negotiation office armed and forced the staff to hand over their weapons They stood up and said that "we are diplomats and do not carry weapons"; the Japanese army, regardless of public international law, deliberately tore up the flag of the national government, the blue sky and white sun flag and the portrait of Sun Yat Sen, and forcibly searched for documents.

In order to prevent the situation from getting worse, Cai Gongshi politely asked the Japanese army to stop the search and withdraw from the office. He also asked the Japanese consul to come to negotiate with him, but they were all refused. Later, the Japanese army tied up the staff of the office by violence. Cai Gongshi argued with reason, and the Japanese officers became angry and ordered the Japanese soldiers to tie up Cai Gongshi. When Cai Gong couldn't bear it, he angrily scolded: "you don't know the diplomatic etiquette, you just act irrationally! This time your country sent troops to Jinan to protect the overseas Chinese. Why do you take advantage of the gap to make provocations, act recklessly, and do all kinds of unreasonable acts? It is not suitable for a civilized country to go out here! A Japanese officer who could speak Chinese sneered: "your commander-in-chief Chiang did not dare to scold the Japanese Imperial Army. He wanted to negotiate with us, but we were not interested. How big is your official? No matter how big it is, it can't be bigger than Mr. Jiang! "The Japanese officer was still angry. He slapped Cai Gongshi in the face and said," don't be killed. How dare you insult the Imperial Army and send you to commander-in-chief Jiang? He has to kill you and apologize to the Japanese Imperial Army! "Cai Gongshi was full of patriotic passion and indignation. He denounced the Japanese invaders and said," you bandits! I have seen through you for a long time, and now I denounce you bandits as a Chinese. The Japanese officers were so savage that they ordered the Japanese soldiers to wave bayonets to cut Cai Gongshi's ears and nose. All of a sudden, the blood gushed, the flesh and blood blurred, and it was terrible. Japanese robbers laugh like animals! The Japanese officer thought that he would frighten Cai Gongshi into a low voice and beg for his life. However, he saw that Cai Gongshi's tiger eyes were wide open and yelled: "Japanese bandits are inferior to animals. When can this kind of national shame be wiped out! Beasts, Chinese people can be killed and not humiliated! " The Japanese aggressors were even more angry and dragged Cai Gongshi to the court of the Department of negotiation to be brutally shot. Unfortunately, Cai Gongshi was in his prime of life and did not see the reunification of the country, so he died under the gun of the Japanese aggressors. In less than one day, Cai Gongshi died for his country.

On the morning of May 11, the Japanese invaders held a ceremony to "show their national prestige" in the city, and began the brutal massacre: they shot and killed people when they saw them, cut off their breasts when they saw women, and stabbed them with knives. More than 11000 soldiers and civilians were killed and injured in Jinan. The city of Jinan is full of blood and corpses. It's so miserable that it's outraged all over the world.

Cai Gongshi was brutally killed, which aroused the great anger of the Chinese people; people and organizations all over the world held demonstrations and protests, advocating the abolition of the unequal treaties and boycotting Japanese goods; overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese from the United States, France, Britain, Singapore, Canada, the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia enthusiastically donated money for the Jinan massacre, and young Chinese students earnestly asked to return to China to participate in the struggle against Japan and take action They are fighting against Japanese militarism in various forms, demanding severe punishment of the perpetrators, compensation for losses, and supporting the domestic just struggle.

In December 1925, Chiang Kai Shek, Li Zong Yuan and other officials of the national government praised the founding of the National People's Congress.

Character evaluation

Cai Gongshi was the first Anti Japanese martyr since the Republic of China. Li Liejun praised him as "the first person in the history of diplomacy"; Feng Yuxiang wrote "swearing to snow the national humiliation"; Li Zongren wrote "national spirit, outstanding forever"; Yu Youren wrote "this nose, this ear, this hatred, this shame! Whoo! Under Mount Tai, the blood has not stopped! ".

Xu Beihong, a great master of art, created a huge oil painting "the picture of CAI Gongshi's Jinan shipwreck".

Cai Gong was a poet. In his early years, he wrote the seven laws for visiting the tomb of the 72 martyrs in Huanghuagang. Among them, "hero's blood and cuckoo are open", "don't be wrong if you don't hold your heart" and "fame is in death". His loyalty and righteousness are expressed in his words, and it's refreshing to read them.

People's Memorial

Cai Gongshi memorial is located in Jingsi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, with a construction area of more than 900 square meters. This was the place where Cai Gongshi, director of foreign affairs of the national government's field committee and special negotiator of the Ministry of foreign affairs in Shandong, died bravely. In order to let future generations remember the sufferings of the Chinese nation and remember the victims of the May 3rd massacre, Jinan Municipal Bureau of cultural relics repaired the building and made it a memorial hall for Cai Gongshi, which is open to the public free of charge.

The exhibition of CAI Gongshi Memorial Hall mainly focuses on "Jinan Massacre" and Cai Gongshi's deeds. Through physical display, pictures and text materials, sculpture, restoration display and other ways, it reproduces Cai Gongshi's glorious life of pursuing revolution and defending the country and nation to the death.

In the exhibition room in the middle of the second floor of CAI Gongshi memorial hall, a bronze bust of CAI Gongshi martyr is placed in the most prominent place. This is the second bronze statue of CAI Gongshi martyr currently placed in Jinan City. It is made according to the historical photos of CAI Gongshi martyr and is specially tailored for the restoration of the memorial hall.

Around the sculpture, in the form of pictures and words, Cai Gongshi's life story is mainly displayed to people; it is divided into six parts: "promising youth, determined to serve the country", "sighing at the national disaster, opening the school", "revolutionary road, husband and wife walking together", "following Zhongshan, joining the revolution", "robbing the ancient city of Hao, soaking in blood tragedy", "iron and steel, heroic spirit".

On May 2, 2006, the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce in Singapore handed over the statue of CAI Gongshi to Jinan Municipal Government of China and placed it on the Bank of Baotu Spring.

Jinan Massacre

Jinan massacre, also known as the May 3rd massacre, refers to the Jinan incident (Jinan incident) in Japan. On May 3, 1928, when the national revolutionary army passed through Jinan City in Shandong Province on the way of the northern expedition, the Japanese side used the excuse of the revolutionary army to rob, rape and massacre the Japanese expatriates in the city, and sent out the army to retaliate, deliberately killing more than 6000 Chinese soldiers and people. Among them, Cai Gongshi, director of the Foreign Office of Jinan and special envoy of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the national government dispatched by the Kuomintang's battlefield administrative committee, and 17 staff members of the Department were maltreated and killed by the Japanese army. After the massacre, the Japanese side denied that the Japanese army massacred Chinese soldiers and civilians, asked the Nanjing National Government to apologize, compensate and punish the perpetrators, and captured Jinan on May 11. It was not until March of the next year, after the Nanjing National Government and the Japanese government signed the Sino Japanese economic agreement, that the Japanese army withdrew from Jinan.

At about 23:00 p.m. on May 3, 1928, the Japanese army claimed to have found the body of the Japanese army in front of the door of the Shandong negotiation office. After breaking into the door, they forced to search for the firearms of the negotiation office personnel, but there was no result. Cai Gongshi, director of the foreign affairs office and Shandong negotiator of the Kuomintang's battlefield administrative committee, and all the staff of the Department were bound by the Japanese army, and their faces, ears and noses were cut by bayonets. After protesting in Japanese, Cai Gongshi was cut off his ears and nose, then his tongue and eyes. The Japanese stripped the staff and whipped them, then dragged them to the yard and shot them with machine guns. In the end, Cai Gongshi, Zhang Linshu and other 17 people were all killed, and only one of the staff in the Department escaped (some studies also pointed out that there were 23 people in the Department at that time, and 6 people escaped)

After Cai Gongshi was killed, Chiang Kai Shek, on the one hand, prevented the incident from expanding and ordered the armies to prohibit the conflict

Chinese PinYin : Cai Gong Shi