Wang Guangmei

Wang Guangmei

Wang Guangmei (September 26, 1921 - October 13, 2006), female, once known as Dong Pu, was born in Beijing. Her ancestral home is Tianjin. She is the wife of former president Liu Shaoqi. In the early 1940s, he studied and taught in Furen University of Peking. Wang Guangmei is one of the most legendary women in China in the 20th century. She has many identities in her life: a lady from a big family, one of the famous "three kings of mathematics" among middle school students in Beijing, the first female graduate of atomic physics in China, and the director of the organizing Committee of happiness project.

He was the third executive member of the all China Women's Federation, deputy to the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, deputy to the third National People's Congress, member of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, and member of the sixth and seventh Standing Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

Life of the characters

Wang Guangmei comes from a famous family. Her father Wang Zhichang (Wang Huaiqing) studied in Waseda University before the revolution of 1911. Later, in the early Republic of China, he acted as the director general of the Ministry of agriculture and Commerce of the Beiyang government and participated in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and the Washington Conference of nine countries in 1921. Guangmei was his father's name when he learned that he had won the gold medal in Washington.

Wang Guangmei, who was particularly strong in mathematics and Science in primary and secondary schools, was one of the top "three kings" in mathematics at that time. People in physics circles recognized that Wang Guangmei was actually the most suitable one to engage in physics research. If Wang Guangmei went to study for a doctor, she might even be Yang Zhenning's or Li Zhengdao's sister. At that time, there was Wang Guangmei's academic report card in the Dutch library, which said "Queen of mathematics".

He graduated from the Department of physics of Furen University in 1943.

In 1945, he graduated from the Institute of science of Fu Jen University with a master's degree in science.

In 1945, he was assistant professor of Physics Department of Furen University.

As early as before the surrender of Japan, Wang Guangmei had contact with the underground party organization in Peking and met Cui Yueli, leader of the school working committee. After the surrender of Japan, Wang Guangmei, who worked as a teaching assistant at Fu Jen University and obtained a master's degree, planned to study in the United States, which was approved by the University of Michigan. But during the Spring Festival in 1946, the arrival of a guest changed the 25-year-old girl's life.

During the Spring Festival in 1946, when Guangmei, who had been a teaching assistant at Fu Jen University, was planning to go to the United States to study for a doctor's degree, people from the underground party organization of the Communist Party of China handed her a note. The note told her that in order to implement the armistice agreement and mediate the military conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Communist Party of China, the Kuomintang government and the United States would set up the Beiping military mediation department. She was asked to work there as an interpreter for the Chinese Communist Party. After the establishment of the Ministry of military affairs, the Communist Party has mobilized nearly 500 people, including Xie Jianying, Luo Ruiqing, Li Kenong, Geng Biao and Huang Hua. After investigation, Cui Yueli thought that Wang Guangmei was the right candidate. Wang Guangmei once worried that she was studying high energy physics, and most of her contacts were technical terms of natural science. If she worked as a translator in the military investigation department, she would not be familiar with military and political terms. In particular, she has been admitted to two famous universities in the United States, and has been informed to go through the procedures of studying abroad as soon as possible. She hesitates. However, she also thought that if she knew that the Communist Party was better than the Kuomintang and took the initiative to approach the underground Party organizations, how could I refuse when the Communist Party needed me? After careful consideration, Wang Guangmei postponed the admission notice from the United States and went to the military investigation department to report. Wang Guangmei took the note, first connected with Qian Junrui, President of Xinhua Beiping branch and Jiefang newspaper, then took the letter of introduction to cuimingzhuang near Wangfujing, where she found Li Kenong, Secretary General of the CPC delegation. Li Kenong inquired about Wang Guangmei's family and school. From the next day, Wang Guangmei became an official interpreter, working as an interpreter for Ye Jianying and other directors. In 1946, he served as an English translator for the Communist Party of China in the executive department of the Beiping military Mediation Office. Later, he went to Yan'an as a foreign affairs translator and took part in the land reform. In October 1946, due to the outbreak of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Chinese Communists in the military dispatching department left Peiping one after another. On November 1, Wang Guangmei said goodbye to her parents and boarded a small military aircraft at Xiyuan airport in Beiping. This is a small special plane specially designed for Yan'an route, and the crew is American. When Wang Guangmei stepped into the cabin, there were two people sitting inside, one was a US military officer, the other was a relatively silent young man. Only after she arrived in Yan'an did she know that the young man's name was Song Ping and he was the Secretary of Zhou Enlai, the chief representative of the Communist Party of China in the Nanjing negotiation.

He joined the Communist Party of China in 1948 and married Liu Shaoqi.

In 1949, he served as secretary of Comrade Liu Shaoqi and accompanied him to visit Asian countries.

From 1967 to 1978, he was sentenced to prison. On January 6, 1967, Wang Guangmei received a phone call saying that her daughter Liu Pingping, who was studying in a middle school, had her leg broken by a car on the road and wanted to have an operation. She was asked to come to the hospital to sign. As soon as she arrived at the hospital, she was detained by the rebels of Tsinghua University, which is the so-called "smart capture of Wang Guangmei". Wang Guangmei was criticized for the injustice of Liu Shaoqi made by the gang of four during the cultural revolution. She was named "leader of the plum blossom party" and was jailed for 12 years in Qincheng prison since mid July 1967 on charges of "American spy".

On December 22, 1978, Wang Guangmei, who had been held alone in Qincheng prison for 12 years, was released. Her face was obviously haggard and old, but her expression was still calm and calm. It was 12 years ago that I said goodbye to my husband. When more than 800 million people chanted "down with Liu Shaoqi", Wang Guangmei stood firmly beside her husband. Wang Guangmei and Liu Shaoqi were punched, kicked, pushed and pulled at the fierce criticism meeting. Seeing that Liu Shaoqi was knocked to the ground, Wang Guangmei desperately broke free and climbed over to Liu Shaoqi, their hands tightly together. This is their last parting.

After 1979, he served as director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Chinese Academy of social sciences.

In 1980, Liu Shaoqi was finally rehabilitated. A few days before the memorial ceremony, Wang Guangmei and her children came to Kaifeng, Henan Province, where Liu Shaoqi spent the last moment of his life. A photographer photographed a scene at that time: Wang Guangmei holding her husband's urn, crying without tears, just sticking her face tightly to the urn all the way.

On February 5, 1989, Wang Guangmei attended the Spring Festival gala held by CCTV as a guest. At the party, Wang Guangmei personally wore a bright red scarf to Chu Shenglin, her physics teacher 40 years ago and professor of physics at Peking University, to express her respect for the teaching profession.

In 1995, the "happiness project" devoted to helping poor mothers was officially launched. Wang Guangmei is indifferent to fame and wealth. As the initiator of this large-scale poverty alleviation program, she has been running in many ways. Over the past 11 years, with her efforts, 389 project sites have been set up nationwide, with a total investment of 310 million yuan, helping 154000 poor mothers and families, benefiting 695000 people.

In her later years, Wang Guangmei still loved photography, Peking Opera and Chinese and foreign music, and preferred ballet, especially Swan Lake. Wang Guangmei didn't complain about the pain and injustice she suffered during the cultural revolution. She chose to be tolerant. On the main wall of her living room, there is a picture of Mao Zedong visiting Liu Shaoqi's family in 1962.

When she was 83 years old, she also organized a huge gathering of the descendants of Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. The two special political families met again after the disaster. Wang Guangmei with silver hair raised her glass to the descendants of the Mao family with a smile: "take care of yourself!" This "one smile, no enmity", let the world see a woman's broad mind.

At about 3 am on October 13, 2006, Comrade Wang Guangmei, wife of Comrade Liu Shaoqi, died of heart failure due to pulmonary infection in Beijing. She was 85 years old.

Personal life

marriage

Wang Guangmei first visited Liu Shaoqi's cave in Zaoyuan before the Spring Festival. That day, Mao Zedong's guards told her to go to Liu Shaoqi. From wangjiaping to Zaoyuan, more than ten miles away, the guard provided an old horse for Wang Guangmei, who was sent to the office of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee along the Yanhe River. Liu Shaoqi asked Wang Guangmei about her work and life in Yan'an. Wang Guangmei told Liu Shaoqi: "since I came to Yan'an, I've been like a primary school student, and everything is learning again. Recently, the organs directly under the Central Military Commission have mobilized people to participate in land reform in the border areas. I have signed up to go to the countryside. "

Later, in the great counterattack of the people's Liberation Army, 1948 came. In mid April, the five secretaries Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi met in Xibaipo. The organs directly under the Central Committee, the organs directly under the Central Military Commission, and the headquarters of the people's Liberation Army moved to this mountain village with less than 100 families. With the frequent contact between Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei, we all feel that Wang Guangmei and Liu Shaoqi are a good couple. She respected Liu Shaoqi, who had made great contributions to the Chinese revolution, and admired his spirit of working hard. On August 21, 1948, Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei held a simple and lively wedding. The new house is located in two tile roofed houses where Liu Shaoqi lives and works in Xibaipo. In addition to a big wooden bed and two wooden chairs, the bedroom is the small bookcase with the words "odd No. 3" brought out from the Yan'an war.

member of family

Wang Guangmei was born in Beijing in 1921, when her father Wang Zhichang "reached the peak" in officialdom. Wang Zhichang went to the United States to attend the Washington Conference of nine nations. At this time, he received a telegram from his family and knew that he had a daughter at last. He was so happy that he was touched by the scene and named it "Guangmei". Wang Guangmei's mother, Dong Jieru, lives in Tianjin

Chinese PinYin : Wang Guang Mei