Guan Xiangying

Guan Xiangying

Guan Xiangying (1902-july 21, 1946), born in Jinzhou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, is an early military leader of the Communist Party of China and a proletarian revolutionist and militarist.

He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1924 and the Communist Party of China in the second year. He has worked in Henan provincial Party committee and the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. He was elected as a member of the CPC Central Committee at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and later served as the central Secretary of the Communist Youth League of China. Later, he worked in the military committee of the Red Army and the Yangtze River Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In 1932, he went to the revolutionary base of Western Hunan and Hubei and served as chairman of the Military Commission of Western Hunan and Hubei and political commissar of the Red Army. During the Long March, he served as a vice political commissar of the second front army and resolutely resisted Zhang Guotao's wrong act of establishing another Central Committee and splitting the Red Army. In 1937, he served as a political commissar of the 120th division of the Eighth Route Army. Together with he long, he opened up the Jinsui base. He died in Yan'an on July 21, 1946.

In 2009, Guan Xiangying was rated as "100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China" by 11 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the central organization department.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Guan Xiangying, formerly known as Guan Zhixiang, is also known as Yingchen. His pen names are Shi Yan and Zhong Bing. His former names are Li Shizhen and Zheng Qin, and his surname is guaerjia. In 1920, he studied business in fujintai public school in Dalian. He began to contact with new ideas and actively participated in Anti Japanese patriotic activities. In 1922, he graduated from Business School of Dalian fujiantai public school. In the autumn of 1922, Guan Xiangying began to work in Dalian people's daily and began to understand the October Revolution in Russia and accept Marxism Leninism. In March 1923, he worked as a printer after graduation.

Revolutionary years

In the spring of 1924, Guan Xiangying joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. In May of the same year, Guan Xiangying entered Shanghai University. At the end of the same year, Guan Xiangying went to the Soviet Union to join the Communist University of Oriental laborers in Moscow. He joined the Communist Party of China in January 1925. After the May 30th Movement, Guan Xiangying returned to work in Shanghai for the workers' movement and the Communist Youth League. In May 1927, he attended the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Youth League. After the Congress, Guan Xiangying was sent to work for the Henan provincial Party committee of the Communist Party of China and soon went to work for the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League in Shanghai. Guan Xiang, who attended the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Moscow in June 1928, should be elected member of the Central Committee and alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. After the meeting, he served as secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. Since 1929, Guan Xiangying has been a member of the Central Military Commission, a member of the Standing Committee, a vice minister of the Central Military Department, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and a secretary of the Military Commission of the Yangtze River Bureau. In January 1932, Guan Xiangying served as a member of the Xiangexi branch of the CPC Central Committee, chairman of the Xiangexi Military Commission, and political commissar of the Red Army. Together with he long, he led the construction of the Xiangexi revolutionary base and the development of the Red Army. In 1934, due to the failure of the fifth anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign in the central revolutionary base, Guan Xiangying and he long led the Red Army to leave the base in Western Hunan and Hubei, to coordinate the strategic transfer of the Central Red Army, and established the revolutionary base in eastern Guizhou. In October, the 3rd Red Army and the 6th Red Army led by Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen joined forces in Muhuang, eastern Guizhou. With the approval of the Central Military Commission, the No.3 Red Army regained its rank as the No.2 Red Army. He long was the head of the army, Ren Bi was the political commissar, and Guan Xiangying was the deputy political commissar. After that, the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps joined hands to restore and establish the revolutionary base of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. In September 1935, Chiang Kai Shek mobilized 130 regiments to launch a new "encirclement and suppression" campaign in the revolutionary base areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. The situation was very serious. In November, in order to take the initiative, Guan Xiangying, together with Ren Bishi, he long, Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen, led the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps to start from Sangzhi and embark on the long march. In July 1936, the 2nd and 6th Red Army crossed the Jinsha River and the Daxueshan mountain. After going through hardships, they joined the 4th Red Army in Ganzi. According to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the 2nd and 6th corps of the Red Army are organized into the 2nd front army of the Red Army. He long is the commander in chief, Ren Bishi is the political commissar, Xiao Ke is the deputy commander in chief, and Guan Xiangying is the deputy political commissar. After the meeting, Guan Xiangying, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Ren Bishi, he long and others resolutely resisted Zhang Guotao's wrong activities and ideas, and made contributions to the joint northward March of the second and fourth front armies of the Red Army and the meeting with the Central Committee and the first front army of the red army. In December of the same year, Guan Xiangying served as a member of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and later as a political commissar of the second front army of the Red Army. after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in China, the main force of the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army. He long was the commander of the 120th division of the Eighth Route Army, and Guan Xiangying was the political commissar. Guan Xiangying and he long led the establishment of the Anti Japanese base in Northwest Shanxi. After February 1940, Guan Xiangying successively served as political commissar of Shanxi northwest military region, Shanxi Suiyuan military region and Shanxi Gansu Ningxia Shanxi Suiyuan united defense force, member of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and Secretary of the Shanxi Suiyuan branch of the CPC Central Committee.

He died of illness

After a long and arduous revolutionary struggle, he became ill from overwork and went to Yan'an to recuperate in 1941. On July 21, 1946, Guan Xiangying died of illness in Yan'an.

Character achievement

Guan Xiangying, together with he long and Ren Bishi, commanded the second and sixth Red Army Corps to launch an offensive in Western Hunan, annihilating and containing a large number of Kuomintang troops. At the same time, he mobilized the masses, established the revolutionary regime, established the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Soviet Area, successively took part in commanding the battles of Chenjiahe, taozixi, Zhongbao, chestnut garden, etc., and won the battle of "encirclement and suppression" in Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Soviet area. Guan Xiangying took part in commanding the battles of Qihui and Chenzhuang, and won the victory of annihilating a Japanese army brigade in the plain for the first time. He smashed the Japanese puppet army's "siege" for many times, developed and strengthened the Anti Japanese armed forces in central Hebei, and consolidated the Anti Japanese base area in central Hebei.

member of family

Representative works

journey

the moon is dim in the dust, < br > sparks are bursting under the hooves of horses.
When crossing rivers and streams, < br > the broken moon is shining with silver light, < br > electricity and fire send horseshoes, < br > disappear in the light of hiwei.

Anecdotes and allusions

Congratulations on Guanzhi

From the successive counter "encirclement and suppression" in the Soviet Area of Western Hunan and Hubei to the repeated counter "mopping up" in the Shanxi Suiyuan border region and the base area of central Hebei, Guan Xiangying and he long have always commanded the battle together. He long said, "Guan Xiangying and I have always been together on the battlefield and in our work." we can't remember when we were not together and when we were separated. In 1939, the Hejian battle, the battle of Lingshou Chenzhuang and the battle of yuanhuangtuling, which were recorded in history, were jointly commanded by Guan Xiangying and he long and fought side by side. In June 1940, the poet Xiao San interviewed he long and Guan Xiangying, who jointly directed the fight against "mopping up" in Northwest Shanxi. In the interview draft, it was described as follows: late at night, the staff officer on duty reported to he long that a certain department called for instructions. He long stepped out of the door and yelled, "Xiang Ying, talk to me!" They went into the telephone room and discussed with each other. He long picked up the phone and talked to each other. Maybe the listener didn't understand Helong's Hunan dialect, so Guan Xiangying took the phone and went on. Guan Xiangying told the troops carefully and concretely how to act, when to act and where to pay attention to. The nearby Helong has no objection. What Xiao San heard and saw shows that Guan Xiangying and he long have mutual trust, understanding and cooperation.

Love your comrades in arms

Guan Xiangying had a war horse, but he often gave it to the wounded or sick soldiers. He walked in the middle of the team and told revolutionary stories to the soldiers while walking, encouraging them to move forward. One day, two soldiers supported a wounded soldier, the action was very difficult. Seeing this, Guan Xiangying immediately jumped off his horse, inquired about the soldier's condition with concern, and personally helped the sick man to ride on his horse. The comrades around him looked at his thin body and asked to let him ride his horse, but he firmly disagreed. The comrades said, "the chief is in poor health. What if he is exhausted by walking?" Guan Xiangying said wittily: "the troops are exhausted. Who can I give back as the head?" He turned around and asked a soldier around him, "how did you join the army?" The soldier replied, "I joined the army voluntarily." Then he asked, "what about the Kuomintang soldiers?" The soldiers replied, "they were all captured." He laughed and said to everyone, "our army is led by the Communist Party, which is essentially different from that of the Kuomintang. Officers and men help each other and unite with each other, which is determined by the nature of our army. " Finally, he said earnestly, "when you become cadres, you must take good care of the soldiers." In this way, Guan Xiangying has been walking for three days.

Thinking about revolution

Guan Xiangying's family was poor and suffered from hunger and cold since childhood. After taking part in the revolution, Guan Xiangying's long and arduous secret work and extremely dangerous war life seriously damaged his health. The lung disease he suffered in Shanghai recurred many times during the war. He persisted in his work with amazing perseverance. In the autumn of 1940, Guan Xiangying was knocked down by a serious illness. The Party Central Committee and Mao Zedong asked him to go to Yan'an for treatment as soon as possible. However, he did not return to Yan'an until November. In early 1941, he returned to the front line regardless of his illness and doctors' dissuasion. During his life of fighting and toiling day and night, he vomited blood and was forced to be sent to the military hospital for recuperation. While he was lying on his bed, he kept reading telegrams, official documents and making suggestions to he long.

Character evaluation

In the autumn of 1941, Ren Bishi praised Guan Xiangying: "Guan Xiangying has the spirit of fighting for the revolution." In July 1946, at a memorial meeting for Guan Xiangying, Ren Bishi, speaking on behalf of the Party Central Committee, said: "Guan Xiang has made great contributions to the party and army building." At the same time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also issued an obituary to party, government, military and civil organs and departments at all levels, saying that Guan Xiangying was "one of the best leaders of the Communist Party of China."

Chinese PinYin : Guan Xiang Ying