Su Qin
Su Qin
Su Qin? In 284 BC, he was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang City, Henan Province) with his surname Su and his name Qin. He was a famous strategist, diplomat and strategist in the Warring States period.
In his early years, he devoted himself to Guiguzi and learned the art of vertical and horizontal. After many years of study, he came back down and out. Later, he studied Yin Fu assiduously, lobbied other countries, got the appreciation of Yan Wengong, sent an envoy to Zhao, put forward the strategic idea of "cooperating with the six countries" to fight against Qin, and finally formed the alliance of "cooperating with the six countries" to serve as the "leader of the treaty", and admired the seal of the six countries, which made Qin dare not send troops to Hangu pass for 15 years. After the dissolution of the alliance, the state of Qi attacked the state of Yan, and Su Qin said that Qi returned the city of Yan. Later, he was engaged in Anti Japanese activities from Yan to Qi, and was appointed as the guest Minister of Qi. Because of the competition for favor, the officials of Qi sent people to assassinate him. Before Su Qin died, he gave advice to kill the assassin.
There are 31 works of Su Zi, which are collected in the history of Han Dynasty. There are 16 lobbying speeches and letters in the book of Warring States political strategists, of which 11 are not found in the existing ancient books.
Life of the characters
Bumpy Road
Su Qin's family made a living by farming. In his early years, he went to the state of Qi to study, worshipped Guiguzi as a teacher, and was a student of Guiguzi with Zhang Yi. After learning, he went out for many years and came back in poverty. All his family members privately ridiculed him for his eloquence in spite of his failure to control production. Su Qin was very ashamed, so he closed his door and looked at all the books he had. He exclaimed, "I'm a teacher and I study hard, but I can't get rich. What's the use of reading more books?" So I found ZhouShu Yinfu and studied it at my desk. A year later, he figured out the skill of combining vertical and horizontal, and thought that he could persuade the king of the time. Su Qin first set his target in Luoyang and asked to see King Zhou Xian. But the ministers around King Xian always knew Su Qin's character and looked down on him, so King Xian didn't trust him. So Su Qin went west to the state of Qin. At that time, Qin Xiaogong was dead. He lobbied king Huiwang of Qin to annex other countries and rule them as emperors. Qin Huiwang thought that the time was not ripe, and Qin guogang executed Shang Yang, hated lobbyists, and did not take his advice. He left the state of Qin and went to su. At that time, marquis Zhao Su appointed his younger brother Zhao as Prime Minister of the state and was granted the title of Fengyang Jun. Fengyangjun didn't like Suqin.
Succeed in the state of Yan
In the 28th year of yanwengong (334 BC), Su Qin went to the state of Yan and waited more than a year to see yanwenhou. Su Qin lobbied Yan Wenhou, first analyzed the interdependence between Yan and Zhao from the geographical position, then criticized Yan's strategic mistakes: worried about Qin thousands of miles away, but not worried about Zhao hundreds of miles away; finally, he suggested that Yan Wenhou unite with Zhao to form a unity. Yan Wenhou believed that Su Qin's argument was very reasonable and promised that Su Qin would "repay the whole country if he could maintain the stability of Yan state by means of cooperation". So he subsidized Su Qin's chariots, horses, gold and silk, and went to lobby the state of Zhao.
An envoy to the state of Zhao
When Su Qin came to the state of Zhao for the second time, Zhao Cheng, the king of Fengyang, was dead, so he lobbied Zhao Suhou and proposed that the six countries should unite to resist the state of Qin. Su Qin analyzed the relationship between Zhao state and other vassal states in detail, pointed out Zhao's strategic dependence on Han and Wei, and then explained his own view: Han, Wei, Qi, Chu, Yan and Zhao united to fight against Qin state, and suggested that Zhao set up a six state alliance to fight against Qin state. In this way, the six states united, Qin would not dare to invade from Hangu pass, and Zhao's hegemony would be weakened The main business is successful. Marquis Zhao Su adopted Su Qin's idea of "alliance" and supported him to lobby the vassal states to join in order to conclude the alliance.
He Zong six countries
When Su Qin was in Zhao state, King Hui of Qin sent rhinoceros head to attack Wei state, captured Wei general Longjia alive, conquered Diaoyin of Wei state, and planned to March eastward. Su Qin worried that Qin's troops would attack Zhao, and the alliance would be destroyed before it was concluded. So he decided to encourage his classmate Zhang Yi to join the Qin Dynasty to maintain the alliance in its infancy. Su Qin sent someone to quietly persuade Zhang Yi to come to him. When Zhang Yi arrived, Su Qin deliberately ignored him and sent him away after public humiliation. Ashamed and angry, Zhang Yi thought that only the state of Qin could threaten the state of Zhao, so she went to the state of Qin. Su Qin secretly sent people to help Zhang Yi arrive in the state of Qin and help him meet King Hui of Qin. In the 10th year of emperor Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (328 BC), King Huiwang of Qin Dynasty took Zhang Yi as his guest minister and discussed with him the grand plan of attacking the princes of various countries. At this time, the people who helped Zhang Yi said that Su Qin deliberately angered him so that Zhang Yi could have a better development in the future. When Zhang Yi knew this, she sighed that she was not as clever as Su Qin, and promised not to attack Zhao when Su Qin was in power. Su Qin went to Korea to lobby Han xuanwang. Su Qin first analyzed the advantages of South Korea: solid terrain, hundreds of thousands of troops, and good at smelting weapons; then stated the disadvantages of subjecting to the state of Qin: serving the state of Qin, Qin must ask to cede Yiyang and Chenggao, once agreed, the state of Qin will be intensified, the land is limited, the desire of the state of Qin is unlimited, and the day of extinction is not far away; finally, Su Qin said: the king is so wise, and the army is so strong I'm really ashamed of the king! After hearing this, King Han Xuan's face changed greatly. He put his hand on his sword and looked up to heaven with a sigh: "although I have no talent, I can never serve the state of Qin. Now that King Zhao has an idea, I'd like the whole country to listen to your arrangement. " Su Qin came to the state of Wei and lobbied the king of Wei Xiang. Su Qin first analyzed the geographical situation of the state of Wei and pointed out that although the state of Wei was small, it had dense fields and houses, a large population, galloping cars and horses, and its national strength was comparable to that of Chu. Now it serves the state of Qin and pays tribute every year. Once the state of Qin conquers the state of Wei, no one is willing to send troops to help. Then, Su and Qin took the example of Yue King Gou Jian and Wu King's conquering of Zhou, Shao Shengduo, to remind the Wei King: Wei state is strong and powerful, so don't be afraid of Qin state; if you cede territory to serve Qin, before you fight, the country will lose money first, and those who advocate serving Qin state are all treacherous officials, so you should make careful decisions. Finally, quoting the book of Zhou, he admonished that if you don't think about maturity in advance, there will be great trouble in the future. If the king can listen to my advice and the six countries work together, there will be no danger of strengthening the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, King Zhao sent me to submit the Treaty of cooperation for your dispatch. The king of Wei said, "I've never heard such wise advice. I hope the whole country will follow it." So Su Qin marched eastward to the state of Qi to lobby King Xuan of Qi. Su Qinxian analyzed Qi's national situation and pointed out: "Qi is surrounded by natural dangers and has a good supply of troops. Since its campaign, it has never enlisted troops south of Mount Tai, nor crossed the Qinghe River and crossed the Bohai Sea to enlist these two troops. Linzi, the capital city, is rich and substantial with a large population. There are 70000 households in Linzi, which is enough to gather up 210000 troops. No country is stronger than Qi. " He then pointed out Qi's strategic mistakes: "Han and Wei are afraid of Qin because they are on the border with Qin. If they fight, they can decide the outcome within ten days. If they win, they will lose a lot of troops and the four borders can't be protected. If they are defeated, they will perish. That's why han and Wei attach so much importance to the war with Qin and easily submit to Qin's officials. However, the situation of Qi and Qin was different. Qi was dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack. Qin's lone army expedition was full of worries and obviously could not pose a threat to Qi. Under such circumstances, it is the strategic fault of the ministers to serve the state of Qin. Now the state of Qi doesn't submit to the state of Qin, but has the reality of making the country rich and the people strong. So I hope that the king will pay a little attention and consider it, so as to decide the countermeasures. " King Xuan of Qi said, "I'm not smart, and I live in the remote East by the sea. I've never heard your wise instruction. Now that you have been instructed by King Zhao to teach me, I'd like the whole country to listen to your arrangement. " after su Qin convinced the state of Qi, he marched southwest to the state of Chu and lobbied King Wei of Chu. Su Qinxian analyzed the state of Chu and said, "the state of Chu is 5000 Li long, with millions of troops, thousands of chariots and horses, and enough grain for ten years. These are the capitals for hegemony. If you also serve the state of Qin, then no princes will not submit to the state of Qin." Then he analyzed the situation of the world and said: "the biggest worry of the state of Qin is the state of Chu. If the state of Chu is strong, then the state of Qin is weak. If the state of Qin is strong, then the state of Chu is weak. If he Zong succeeds, the state of Chu will be king; if Lian Heng succeeds, the state of Qin will be emperor. So the best strategy is to isolate the state of Qin by joining forces. Otherwise, the army of Qin will be divided into two routes, and the capital Yanying will be in danger. " Finally, Su Qin reminded the king of Chu: "Qin is a country of tigers and wolves, has the ambition of annexing the world, and is the public enemy of the world. The people who advocate Lian Heng want to cede the land to Qin. This is to respect the enemy, rely on the strong Qin externally, and hold the monarch at home. This is a serious crime. If he Zong succeeds, the princes will cede their land to serve Chu; if Lian Heng succeeds, Chu will cede its land to serve Qin. I hope you can think about both The king of Chu said: "Qin and Chu border on each other. Qin has the intention of annexing them. They are not compatible. Han and Wei were often threatened by the state of Qin, so they should not make deep plans with them. They were afraid that rebellious people would tell on them and endanger national security. I think that Chu can resist Qin, but it may not be able to win. The plot with the officials is not credible, so they toss and turn, unable to sleep. Now you intend to unify the world, unite the vassals and protect the dangerous country. I would like the whole country to obey. " after su and Qin toured all the princes, the six countries reached an alliance and United. Su Qin was appointed as the commander of the alliance, and served as the Prime Minister of the six countries.
return home with high honours
After the successful cooperation, Su Qin went north from Chu to reply to the king of Zhao and passed through Luoyang. There were a lot of messengers to see them off, and their style was comparable to that of emperors. Zhou Xianwang was afraid when he heard the news, so he cleaned the road for him and sent people to the suburbs to reward him. Su Qin's family also prostrate in the ground, dare not look up. Su Qin was full of emotion and said: "the same person, when he is rich, his relatives fear him; when he is poor, even his relatives despise him, let alone ordinary people. If I had two hectares of fertile land in Luoyang, how could I wear the seal of the six kingdoms now? " So he sent out thousands of gold and gave them rewards
Chinese PinYin : Su Qin
Su Qin
