Sheng Shicai

Sheng Shicai

Sheng Shicai (1892 or 1895 or 1896 or 1897-1970) was born in Kaiyuan, Liaoning Province. His name was Jinyong, and his original name was Zhenjia. He served successively as the chief of the General Staff Headquarters of the Northern Expedition command of the national government, the frontier defense Supervision Office of Xinjiang Province, the chairman of the Xinjiang Provincial Government, the general director and the Minister of agriculture and forestry of the ninth branch of the Central Military Academy (Xinjiang Branch), and the general of the army of the Republic of China. From 1933 to 1944, he was in charge of the military and politics of Xinjiang, known as the "king of Xinjiang". During this period, he repeatedly worked among the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang and other forces. He came to Taiwan after 1949 and died in Taipei in 1970.

Life of the characters

Early experience

In 1892 (or 1895, 1896, 1897), Sheng Shicai was born in shengjiatun, Kaiyuan County, Fengtian (now Kaiyuan city, Northern Liaoning Province). His parents live together with five men, two women and seven people. Sheng Shicai is the eldest in his family. Great grandfather Sheng Fuxin was originally from Shandong Province. He was trapped in his hometown and suffered from natural disasters due to the diversion of the Yellow River. His family, together with the people of Sheng surname, went to Northeast China to live in Liaoning Province. In addition to farming, his father received several years of private school education, so he was selected as the manager of huangjiatun primary school in the neighboring village. Sheng Shicai studied in Xifeng junior high school, Shenyang fifth high school, Liaoning provincial agriculture and forestry middle school. In 1915, he graduated from the Department of politics and economics of Wusong Chinese public school in Shanghai. In 1917, he studied in Japan, studied political economics at Meiji University in Tokyo, and came into contact with left-wing publications such as Communist ABC. In 1919, Sheng Shicai returned to China to take part in the May 4th movement. He thought that reading could not change China's backwardness, so he decided to join the army. After returning to China, he went to Shaoguan Branch of Yunnan army lecture hall sponsored by Li Gengen of Guangdong Province to study. After graduation, through his introduction, he went back to the northeast to work in Guo Songling's Department of the eighth Fengjun brigade, serving as platoon commander, company commander and captain's staff officer, which won Guo Songling's trust. After Guo's introduction, he married Qiu Yufang, Guo Songling's adopted daughter (divorced from her ex-wife). In 1923, recommended by Guo Songling, Zhang zuolin sent him to Japan army university to study with his wife. In 1925, Guo Songling failed in his anti Feng campaign, and Zhang zuolin abolished the public fee for recommending Sheng Shicai to study. However, he was good at drilling camp. He was supported by sun Chuanfang, Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai Shek successively and completed the study of Japanese Army University. In 1927, after returning to China, Sheng Shicai served as a staff officer under the he Yaozu Department of the Kuomintang. Later, he transferred the general headquarters to serve as a staff officer of the colonel and a drillmaster of the officers' regiment attached to the Central Military Academy. In 1928, he served as the acting chief of the general staff. However, he believed that Chiang Kai Shek was "sentimental" and "narrow in measurement", and that he "divided the north and the South" in personnel selection and that he would never be the leader of the whole country. In 1929, he was transferred to the third section of the first Department of the General Staff Headquarters.

Seizing power

In the autumn of 1929, Sheng Shicai met Lu Xiaozu, the Secretary General of Xinjiang province. Jin Shuren needed talents to train the army in Xinjiang. Sheng Shicai took the initiative to go to Xinjiang. In the autumn of 1930, Sheng Shicai went to the Soviet Union and entered Xinjiang with Lu Xiaozu. At the end of 1930, he was appointed by Jin Shuren as the chief tactical instructor of "Xinjiang Army junior officer school", and trained Lu Yulin, Wang Yushu and other later cronies. since Jin Shuren, chairman of Xinjiang Province, took charge of Xinjiang in 1928, he oppressed, exploited and enslaved all ethnic groups in Xinjiang very cruelly, which aroused the hatred of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, and some local rulers took the opportunity to separate and become independent. In 1931, the "Hami uprising" broke out. In January, Ma Zhongying led more than 6000 people into Xinjiang and occupied the eastern part of Xinjiang. Sheng Shicai served as the chief of staff of the "East Road bandit suppression headquarters", defeated Ma Zhongying and garniyazi, and later served as the General Commander of the East Road bandit suppression headquarters. He won many battles and gained increasing prestige. In 1933, the "April 12 incident" broke out in Xinjiang. The Northeast volunteer army and the naturalization army of Xinjiang united to overthrow Jin. Jin Shuren left his post and fled from the provincial capital in a hurry. Sheng Shicai, who was holding a heavy army, returned to Dihua and was elected as the temporary frontier defense supervisor of Xinjiang by all parties. Liu Wenlong, director of the Department of education, was elected as the temporary provincial president of Xinjiang. In December, Sheng Shicai put Chairman Liu and his family under house arrest for Liu Wenlong's suspected treason and forced him to resign. He appointed Zhu Ruilong, an old and ill bureaucrat, as the provincial president. From then on, Sheng Shicai held the supreme power in Xinjiang. In March of the next year, Zhu Ruilong died. Sheng Shicai integrated military and political power and began his autocratic rule over Xinjiang. At the beginning of Sheng Shicai's coming to power, the regime was in a precarious situation, and actually controlled only the provincial capital. At that time, there were two forces in Xinjiang, Ma Zhongying, the cousin of Ma Bufang who occupied Northern Xinjiang, and Zhang Peiyuan, who occupied ILI, which formed a tripartite confrontation with Sheng Shicai. Both of them had more troops than Sheng Shicai, and they were ready to seize power at any time. Some local forces are also ready to wait for the opportunity. In order to consolidate his political power, Sheng Shicai formulated the "ten programs" to further consolidate the peace situation and enhance his prestige.

discriminate against those who hold different views

After Sheng Shicai came to power, he gradually excluded the initiator of the April 12 incident by virtue of his military strength, which caused some dissatisfaction of the Xinjiang authorities. The Nanjing national government took the opportunity to control Xinjiang and sent Huang Musong to Xinjiang to "Xuanwei". Together with Chen Zhong, Tao Mingyue, Li Xiaotian and others, it concocted a plan to withdraw the supervision office and establish a military committee, that is, to abolish the Xinjiang border supervision office currently supervised by Sheng Shicai and replace it with the Xinjiang Military Committee to accommodate the remnants of the garniyazi and former Jin Shuren regimes and enter the east of Xinjiang The northern Anti Japanese volunteer army, Ma Zhongying and Yili garrison envoy Zhang Peiyuan served as members, and Sheng Shicai served as chairman. Huang Mu Song hoped that this plan would not only restrict Sheng Shicai's rights, but also quell the current turmoil throughout Xinjiang, which caused Sheng Shicai's great dissatisfaction. Then he instigated Ma Deyu to kill the whole army. At the same time, he used the differences and contradictions between Ma Zhongying and garniyazi to induce the collapse of the alliance with Malaysia at the cost of dividing Southern Xinjiang into garniyazi and garniyazi. In late June 1933, Sheng Shicai suddenly stopped pursuing Ma Zhongying and hastily returned to Dihua with his trusted troops. On the evening of June 25, Chen Zhong, Tao Mingyue and Li Xiaotian were arrested in the name of a meeting and then shot on the spot. Liu Wenlong, chairman of the Xinjiang provisional provincial government, demanded to resign. The provincial government officials unanimously asked Huang Mu Song to withdraw the plan to remove the frontier inspection office. On the other hand, Sheng Shicai secretly instructs his subordinates to spread Huang Mu Song's collusion with Ma Zhongying everywhere. At the same time, he publicly declares that Daxi is a loyal Japanese spy and that Ma Zhongying is a "running dog of Japanese imperialism". By implication, Huang Mu Song's contact with Ma Zhongying is actually an eye opener for Japanese imperialism. This is very important, because at this time, the Northeast Anti Japanese volunteers who came back from Tacheng were concentrating in Dihua, preparing to withdraw from the pass and continue to resist Japan. This remark aroused the indignation of the Northeast volunteers. Most of the volunteers who came back from the Soviet Union stayed in Xinjiang and were involved in the civil war. In the war less than half a year later, they paid about 5000 lives.

"Shengma battle"

At 4:30 p.m. on April 12, 1933, Liu Kuai's legs began to contact Ma Zhongying's troops, and the two sides immediately started fierce fighting. Ma Zhongying's troops are ferocious and rush to the provincial army. The provincial army's heavy firepower, such as machine guns and armored vehicles, resists tenaciously. However, Ma's troops don't care about the casualties. As soon as the people in front of them are shot and fall down, there are more people behind them, which causes great psychological pressure on the provincial army Almost caught alive. Sheng Shicai later recalled that this was the most dangerous battle in his life. However, Liu kuaikou 500 elite soldiers, who were responsible for holding the central position of the provincial army, played a great role. Most of Liu kuaikou's subordinates were sharpshooters trained by him when he was a bandit in Northeast China. He was skilled in shooting, hit a hundred times, and shot without fail. Every time the cavalry of horse army broke through the position from both sides, they were killed by the accurate shooting of these gunners. Soon after such a battle, the Malaysian army suffered more than 400 casualties. Most of the front-line soldiers of the Malaysian army were new recruits after entering Hami. Their combat effectiveness was not as good as that of the 3000 Gansu soldiers who followed Ma Zhongying into Xinjiang. Seeing the huge casualties, they began to flinch. The provincial army took the opportunity to launch a general attack and advanced to the vicinity of ziniquan village. Second line troops of the Malaysian army deployed around the villages and began to tenaciously block the provincial army's attack. Soon the weather changed suddenly, and the soldiers were unable to continue fighting, so the provincial army stopped attacking, and the two sides faced off for a night. More than 7000 people are stationed in Hami, Qitai and Fuyuan. After occupying Fuyuan in May 1933, the Xinjiang interim government once contacted Ma Zhongying to discuss a peaceful solution. At this time, Sheng Shicai had successfully divided and divided kaniyaz. A large number of officers in the army, especially the Guihua army, strongly fought. Ma Zhongying went well all the way. Although the imams in the army hoped for peace, many officers also advocated continuing the war. In such an atmosphere, they were both willing to fight The peace talks between the two sides ended in nothing. Sheng Shicai's naturalized Army started to advance to purple mud spring from Fukang. At the same time, hejianiyazi, who had a close agreement with Sheng Shicai, also began to lead his subordinates to move away from Ma Zhongying to purple mud spring. Ma Zhongying was forced to advance to purple mud spring in order to protect Fuyuan suburb, and arrived late and began to deploy. Ma Zhongying plans to make use of the village to cover, attack and defend. Sheng Shicai's tactics were to use his superior forces to attack his opponent directly, and to encircle Ma Zhongying and annihilate him in this area. In order to achieve the goal of this campaign, Sheng Shicai's tactics were to attack his opponent directly

Chinese PinYin : Sheng Shi Cai