zhang jiuling

zhang jiuling

Zhang Jiuling (673-740) was born in Qujiang, Shaozhou, Guangdong Province. He was a famous prime minister, politician, writer and poet of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty. After he left Marquis Zhang Liang in Western Han Dynasty, he was the 14th grandson of Zhang Hua, the Duke of Zhuangwu County in Western Jin Dynasty.

Smart and agile, good at writing. In the early years of Jinglong, he was a Jinshi and a scholar. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty ascended the throne and moved to the right to fill the palace. He was awarded by the prime minister Zhang Shuo. He worshipped Zhongshu Sheren, the Minister of Qianzhong Shu, Zhangshi of Tongping, the order of Qianzhong Shu, and the last famous prime minister in the heyday of Kaiyuan. He has an elegant manner. He is full of courage and foresight, loyal and dutiful, abides by the code of justice, speaks frankly, dares to admonish, selects talents and appoints talents, does not bend the law for favoritism, and does not attach power to others. He has made a positive contribution to the "Kaiyuan rule".

In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), he died at the age of 68. He was awarded to situ and Dudu of Jingzhou as his posthumous title. After the death of Zhang Jiuling, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty always asked those who were recommended by the prime minister, "is the demeanor as good as Jiuling?" Therefore, Zhang Jiuling has always been respected and admired by later generations.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the five character ancient poetry was actively developed with a light poetic style. With simple and plain language, it had a profound expectation of life and made a great contribution to the elimination of the Six Dynasties' gorgeous poetic style. He is known as "the first person in the south of the five ridges".

Life of the characters

Early experience

There are few talented people in official families

Zhang Jiuling, Zishou, is a museum. Shaozhou Qujiang (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) people. Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty was born in the fourth year of Xianheng (673, or the third year of Yifeng). His great grandfather, Zhang Junzheng, once served as a driver in Shaozhou; his grandfather, Zhang Ziqian, served as a recorder and soldier in Dou Zhou (now Xinyi County in Guangdong); his father, Zhang Hongyu, once served as the Prime Minister of solu County in Xinzhou (now southern Xinxing County in Guangdong).

Zhang Jiuling was clever and agile when he was young, and he was good at writing articles. When he was 9 years old, he knew his literature. When he was 13 years old, he could write a good article. When he wrote a letter to Wang Fangqing, the governor of Guangzhou, Wang Fangqing praised him very much and said, "this man is sure to make a difference." Wang Fangqing's praise has a positive effect on encouraging him to set up lofty aspirations.

Stand out and be a meritocratic official

In his youth, Zhang Jiuling was intelligent, diligent and good at poetry and prose. In the second year of Chang'an (702), Wu Zetian ascended the rank of Jinshi, which was appreciated by kaogong Lang and Shen Quanqi. He was awarded the official post of school scholar. In the third year of Chang'an, Zhang Shuo, the prime minister, was exiled to Lingnan and Shaozhou because he had offended Zhang changzong, the favorite Minister of Empress Wu Zetian. He read Zhang Jiuling's article and praised his article as "like light training" and "suitable for the time". Zhang said that he was erudite and talented. He was the leader of the literati at that time, and he was also an important official with great achievements in the court. His encouragement was a great inspiration to Zhang Jiuling who had just embarked on the road of life.

In the third year of Shenlong (707), Zhang Jiuling went to Beijing to take an examination of the Ministry of officials, and then he was able to pass the examination of bangkedengdi and was awarded the Secretary of the provincial school. In the summer of the fourth year of Shenlong's reign, he was sent to Lingnan to visit his relatives. He worked as a Secretary for several years, but was unable to get transferred, so he had the idea of returning home. At the same time, Prince Li Longji made a difference. He took the world's literati as an example and asked them personally. He took the exam at the age of nine and was promoted to the right. Li Longji ascended to the throne of Xuanzong, and Zhang Jiuling was transferred to Zuo Shiyi. However, the contradiction between Zhang Jiuling and Prime Minister Yao Chong is growing. Yao Chong was a minister valued by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, who was in charge of the military power. In the second year of Emperor Xuanzong's coming to power, Zhang Jiuling wrote to Yao Chong, reminding him to "flatter and be honest". Yao Chongfu accepted his words, eliminated the malpractice of affinity in the past, insisted on selecting talents and reorganized the administration of officials.

In December of the first year of Xiantian (712), Xuanzong held a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Donggong, and Zhang Jiuling was among the best. He once wrote a letter to Li Longji, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, advocating attaching importance to the selection of local officials and correcting the atmosphere of valuing the internal and neglecting the external. In selecting officials, he should attach importance to the talents instead of the qualifications.

Kaidayu mountain

However, opinions were not always the same. Three years later, in the autumn of the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716), Zhang Jiuling was again dissatisfied with Yao Chong by saying that he was not willing to be killed when he was sealed. In the autumn of that year, he took rank man as his word and went to the government to support him. Zhang Jiuling returned to Lingnan and lived there for more than a year. He didn't live in idleness, but wanted to do something for his hometown. When he got home, he asked the court to open Dayuling road. Zhang Jiuling also went through this road when he went to and from Lingnan. He had a deep feeling of the danger of "extreme human suffering" in Meiguan of Dayuling. During the period of Kaiyuan, the Tang Dynasty, after nearly one hundred years of hard work since Zhenguan, achieved social prosperity. With the advantages of coastal areas, Lingnan has made great progress in overseas trade and transportation, and Guangzhou has become a big commercial port for maritime transportation between China and foreign countries. In this case, it is very urgent to excavate the ancient Meiguan road and improve the north-south traffic. Zhang Jiuling's proposal was approved by the imperial court, so he became the director of the road. Taking advantage of the leisure time, he recruited people to start the excavation project. Zhang Jiuling personally went to the site to survey, edge Dengdao, covered with shrubs, spared no pains to direct the construction. After the completion of the ancient road, it has a total length of more than ten kilometers and a width of nearly 17 meters. Pine trees are planted on both sides of the road. After the completion of the road construction, Zhang Jiuling wrote the preface to the excavation of Dayuling Road, which describes that after the excavation of Dayuling, the public and private trafficking "did not take credit for the transfer, but was highly dangerous.". Therefore, the people who lived in Zhuchen, such as those who lived in Beijing and those who lived in Zhuchen, lived in Beijing. Due to the construction of the old Meiguan Road, the traffic between the north and the South has been greatly improved. Meiling ancient road has become the main channel connecting the north and south traffic. Later generations hailed it as "the ancient Beijing Guangzhou line", which not only made great contributions to the north and south traffic in the Tang Dynasty, but also benefited future generations. In Song Dynasty, a large number of immigrants went south, and Dayuling road was the fastest and most convenient thoroughfare for them. When Zhang Jiuling was at home, he had close contact with Wei Wang Lvzhen of Qujiang County and Wang Sima of Shaozhou. In the summer and autumn of the fifth year of Kaiyuan (717), he and Wang Lvzhen came to Guangzhou together and wrote the poem "with Wang Liulu to shock Xiaowang in Jinting, Guangzhou".

The way to be an official

Return to officialdom with twists and turns

In the spring of 718, Zhang Jiuling was called to Beijing. When he returned to Beijing, Wang Sima was sent to Dayuling. After arriving in Beijing, due to the construction of dagengling Road, he paid homage to Zuobu Que and presided over the selection of talents. Zhang Jiuling's talent and ability are gradually recognized by everyone. He and Zhao Dongxi were ordered to participate in the evaluation four times, and they were able to fairly convince people. In the seventh year of Kaiyuan, he was changed to wailang, a member of the Ministry of rites. In the eighth year of Kaiyuan, he was promoted to wailang, a member of sixun.

In 721, Zhang said that he became prime minister. Zhang said that he had high hopes for Zhang Jiuling. Seeing that he was really talented and had the same surname as himself, he discussed the genealogy with him and praised Zhang Jiuling as "the best poet of late". Thanks to Zhang Shuo's appreciation and promotion, Zhang Jiuling was promoted to Zhongshu sacrifice. Zhang Jiuling didn't go along with Zhang because of his close relationship with him. He had a lot of persuasion for Zhang's decisive action, which reflected his fairness and foresight. Xuanzongdong visited Mount Tai for Fengchan. After Fengchan, there was an advanced tour. Therefore, Zhang Jiuling reminded Zhang that when choosing his entourage, he should pay attention to those high-quality products to avoid criticism. However, Zhang said that many of the officials who chose to climb the mountain were lower ranking and close relatives, which caused a lot of complaints. Zhang said that he didn't pay attention to the imperial censor Zhongcheng yuwenrong's performance, which was appreciated by Xuanzong. Zhang Jiuling reminded him that he should not be unprepared.

In the 10th year of Kaiyuan period, he was promoted to be a member of Si Xun for many times. At that time, Zhang Shuo was the commander of Zhongshu. He shared the same surname as Zhang Jiuling and became a clan brother (by age). Zhang Shuo was very close to him and valued him. Zhang Jiuling was very happy to know himself, so she was willing to follow him.

In the 11th year of Kaiyuan (723), Zhang Jiuling was appointed as Zhongshu Sheren.

In the 13th year of Kaiyuan, the emperor made a tour to the East and held a big ceremony to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth. Zhang said that he himself decided to serve the officials of the emperor in mountaineering. He recommended that the officials of the two provinces be responsible for mountaineering. So he promoted them and granted them five rank official posts. At the beginning, when Zhang said that he ordered Zhang Jiuling to draft the imperial edict, Zhang Jiuling said to Zhang: "officials and barons are common objects in the world. People with high moral reputation should be ranked in the front, and old ministers with credit should be ranked in the back. If the order is reversed, blame and criticism will arise. Now it's a great event in a thousand years to mount a mountain and give grace. People with high reputation and moral character can not be benefited. The petty officials in the government who handle official documents are first promoted to rank. I just worry that people all over the world will be disappointed when the system is introduced. Now when drafting the draft table, things can be changed. I just hope you will study and plan it carefully, and don't regret it. " Zhang said: "the matter has been settled. Where should we worry about the absurd and groundless argument?" In the end, they didn't listen. When the system was introduced, people inside and outside the court criticized Zhang a lot. At that time, Yu Wenrong, the censor Zhongcheng, was just in charge of the household tax affairs. Every time he told the emperor Chen Zou, Zhang said that he advised the emperor not to listen to him. Therefore, Yu Wenrong was dissatisfied with Zhang. Zhang Jiuling advised Zhang to be on guard against Yu Wenrong, but Zhang said that he did not listen to him. Before long, Zhang said that if he was impeached by yuwenrong, he gave up his official position of knowing politics. Zhang Jiuling also changed to Taichang Shaoqing, and soon transferred to the capital to serve as the acting governor of Jizhou. Later, he was granted the title of governor of Hongzhou (Nanchang), and later transferred to governor of Guizhou to serve as the commander of Lingnan.

In April 726, Yu Wenrong and Li Linfu impeached Zhang Shuo. Zhang Shuo was dismissed from office, and Zhang Jiuling was also implicated. Zhang Jiuling was appointed as Taichang Shaoqing. In June, when he was ordered to sacrifice to Nanyue and Nanhai, he returned to the province. In the autumn of that year, Zhang Jiuling returned to Beijing and was still accused of supporting Zhang Shuo. He was transferred to a foreign official and became a governor of Jizhou. Zhang Jiuling, on the ground that her mother didn't want to follow her, asked to be dismissed. In March of the next year, he was appointed governor of Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province). stay

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Jiu Ling