an early advocate of vocational education

an early advocate of vocational education

Huang Yanpei (October 1, 1878 - December 21, 1965) was born in Chuansha County, Jiangsu Province (now belongs to Shanghai). In 1901, he entered Nanyang public school and studied foreign arts. He was known as Cai Yuanpei, the general teacher of Chinese. In 1905, he joined the alliance.

In 1911, he signed the minutes of the meeting on discussing state affairs in Xiyin Hall of Zhao Fengchang, Shanghai. Later, he was published in the student union journal in 1915 and the education weekly in Hangzhou in 1917. He wrote a novel and changed his post (see the student union journal in the Department). His pseudonym was Baoyi (see the novel monthly), and his father (see the prospect before liberation) alluded to Wang Peizhi (see Longgong's witness of the 10th year of Jiangzuo), and he was called Dr. enamel (he wanted to boycott foreign products in his early years) Enamel ware was once set up in China vocational school with enamel department and enamel workshop, and put forward the slogan of "labor is sacred, hands are omnipotent", which was ridiculed by a few people as "enamel doctor").

After the founding of new China, Huang Yanpei broke the rule of "not being an official" and happily went into politics.

Life of the characters

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China

Born on October 1, 1878 (September 6, the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he was the first in the internal history of Chuansha town. In his early years, his parents died.

In 1887, he received traditional education with his grandfather. Forced to make a living, he worked as a teacher in his hometown.

In 1899, he was the first scholar in Songjiang Prefecture.

In 1901, Cai gongzhi enrolled in the Chinese language education.

After 1902, there was another examination in Jiangnan.

In 1903, he returned home to set up a small school. During this period, he began to contact with Yan Fu's translation of new books, such as on tianyanlun. The next year, he ran a school in the countryside. He was arrested for advocating anti Qing Dynasty and was once jailed. In Jiangsu Province, the governor's approval of "local justice" reached an hour. He was bailed out by a foreign Christian priest and fled to Japan. A year later, he returned home and continued to set up the school.

He joined the league in 1905. Before the revolution of 1911, he successively founded and presided over Guangming primary school, normal school and Pudong middle school, taught in patriotic society, Chengdong women's school and other new educational organizations and schools, and participated in the launching of Jiangsu Academic Affairs Association. After the revolution of 1911, he served as the general affairs section chief and education section chief of the Civil Affairs Department of the governor's office of Jiangsu Province. Later, he served as the director general of education of Jiangsu Province. He went all out to reform local education, comprehensively planned and constructed provincial high schools, secondary schools and county primary schools, vice president of the Provincial Education Association, and travel reporter of Shanghai declaration hall.

In 1908, he and Tong Shiheng co founded Pudong Electric Co., Ltd., which was the earliest power supply facility in Pudong.

In 1913, he published a discussion on pragmatism in school education, which advocated the connection between education and students' life, school and social reality.

From February 1914 to the spring of 1917, he visited Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing and Tianjin for five months as a reporter of Shenbao. Along with China's travel to the United States, the industry group visited 52 schools in 25 cities in the United States, widely contacting people from all walks of life, especially focusing on Vocational Education in the United States.

In April 1915, he went to the United States to apply for employment with the "Youmei industrial group" of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce, investigated education, and wrote essays on traveling in the United States. Huang also visited Japan, the Philippines and Nanyang. Each visit was recorded and published in a collection. He thinks that education is like treating a disease. Only when we know the source of the disease can we make a good prescription and suit the medicine to the case. "To study abroad is to read prescriptions; to study at home is to find the source of the disease. Fang Shucheng can't help but read it. There are different phenomena in the origin of the disease. It's impossible to treat the present disease with the ancient prescription and treat the disease with the other one. " Therefore, he made an investigation based on the actual needs of China.

On May 6, 1917, he contacted famous people in the educational and industrial circles and launched the China Vocational Education Society in Shanghai. The next year, China Vocational School (now China vocational school, Nanjing University of Technology) was established. The education and social activities in the following decades were mainly carried out through the China Vocational Education Society.

In 1921, he was appointed director of education and refused to take office. He participated in the drafting of the 1922 school system, conducted experiments in rural construction, and organized Nanjing Normal University, director of the Preparatory Department of Hehai Engineering School (now Hehai University), National Southeast University (now Nanjing University), Shanghai University of Commerce (now Shanghai University of Finance and Economics), Xiamen University, etc.

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Huang Yanpei took an active part in the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement, founded the national salvation communication to publicize patriotism, and organized the Shanghai citizen Maintenance Association (later changed to Shanghai local association) to support the Songhu battle. In 1941, he initiated the organization of China democratic political alliance with Zhang Lan and others, and once served as chairman.

(picture 1) on July 1, 1945, Mao Zedong held a banquet for the national political participants in Yan'an. There were only four dishes and one soup on the table.

In 1945, he and Hu Juewen initiated the establishment of China Democratic Foundation Association. In July of the same year, he was invited to visit Yan'an. He wrote the book "return of Yan'an" to introduce Yan'an truthfully.

In 1946, bile middle school was founded in Shanghai to explore an ordinary middle school with dual preparation for further education and employment. Before 1949, they successively established Chongqing Zhonghua Vocational School, Shanghai and Chongqing Zhonghua industrial and Commercial College, Nanjing women's vocational school, Zhenjiang women's vocational school, Sichuan Guanxian Dujiang practical vocational school, etc.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

He attended the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference in September 1949. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, he has successively served as a member of the Central People's government, vice premier of the State Council and Minister of the Ministry of light industry, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, and chairman of the Central Committee of the China Democratic National Construction Association.

He died in Beijing on December 21, 1965, and his ashes were placed in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in the western suburb of Beijing, where his wife Yao Weijun's ashes were also placed.

Collection of works

Collection works

In 1933, ye Hongying, an industrialist, donated 400000 yuan to build a new library, which was renamed "Hongying library". The collection focuses on social science, history and modern historical materials. By 1946, there were 136 kinds of newspapers, 3604 kinds of magazines and more than 50000 books. There are many books in private collection and many ancient books and calligraphy treasures. Mao Zedong once borrowed Wang Xizhi's calligraphy from his collection of Wei, Jin, Tang and song inscriptions and paintings.

Huang Yanpei's article is sharp, healthy and proud. Writing, singing and dancing, full of vitality. At the beginning of the poem, he learned from Wen and Li, and then went back to bed to feed Li and Du. Deep thinking, meaningful taste, sonorous chapter tune. From the beginning to the end of writing, although the language must work, rich in writing.

Character writing

His works include Huang Yanpei's investigation and education diary, education in the new world, new education in Southeast Asia, history of China's failure in the commercial war (cooperation), essentials of Chinese education history, Huang Yanpei's investigation and education diary Haihuan travel notes, heartbroken collection, Shudao, since the Anti Japanese War, return of Yan'an, discussion on pragmatism in school education, Huang Yanpei's works Yanpei education investigation diary, Manifesto of China Vocational Education Society, 80 years of history, book of discussion on overseas Chinese education in Nanyang, my outlook on life and basic theory of vocational education, historical materials of Chinese tariff, historical materials of foreign trade, historical materials of Songhu Anti Japanese War, poetry collections of heartbroken collection, first draft of baosang collection, Hongsang, etc.

Works 1 and 2

Heaven and earth show the truth, goodness and beauty;

Mountains and rivers return me north, South and East.

(Spring Festival couplets written by myself during the Anti Japanese War)

Gongpu died for democracy;

Democracy is born for public servants.

(Huang Yanpei and Li Gongpu)

The people are the masters of the people;

People can be killed in the daytime.

Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo

A large number of people, be careful with things;

The body leads the things, but the self is the group.

(self question)

To fight for Chinese democracy through life and death;

The unity of knowledge and practice is the spirit of education.

(on behalf of the Central Committee of the Democratic League, Tao Xingzhi)

We should take patriotism as the center of education and combine internationalism in the future;

In the future, we should pay special attention to the young workers and peasants.

(Title: Xiamen jimei'ao garden)

Don't forget that I was born alone. Seeing all my children around their knees, I am more blessed than my youth;

Don't be extravagant. When you smell it, you'll cry in the corner. How do you feel about being alone.

(from my study)

Fame and reason are pregnant with different dreams, holding autumn heart in my life

(the infatuation with couplets)

It has become a tragic loss for the country;

I feel sad to say goodbye to you forever. I feel that my friend will die later. I should work harder for unity and democracy.

(Huang Yanpei, Ye Ting, Wang Ruofei and other martyrs killed on April 8)

His life is full of lotus curtain articles, and his meritorious service is prior to the establishment of the state, but his life is immortal in Yunyang;

Other things for the Township Education, writing to do startling words, open Jiangnan atmosphere rather than teachers.

(Huang Yanpei takes Zou Yun's Nest)

The students had a discussion in the school, and the thugs threw bullets among the crowd. Who directed the murderer;

How dignified is the highest institution and how precious is the life of young people, please look into your conscience.

(Huang Yanpei takes care of the martyrs killed in the "12.1" massacre in Kunming)

Hundreds of young people, three old houses, have worked so hard that they can stop until they die;

Twenty years of friends, Wanfang wind and cloud, memories of the return of the dead, desperate, moral how dare to forget.

(Huang Yanpei, former president of Shanghai Chengdong girls' school, Yang BAI)

Things are cotton and iron, and the land is the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, which is the most important thing in the world;

It's not right to be a second person. It's a pity that we should not be a second person when we are late in life.

(Huang Yanpei and Zhang Jian)

After 40 years of friendship, it is most difficult to succeed in bare hands when you are old and still strong. You can give your son Cao a good example in all kinds of clothes and quilts, but you can survive on your own

Chinese PinYin : Huang Yan Pei