Zhan Tianyou

Zhan Tianyou

Zhan Tianyou (from April 26, 1861 to April 24, 1919, English Name: Jeme Tien Yow), male, Han nationality, with the name of Juncheng, was named Dachao. His ancestral home is Wuyuan, Huizhou. He was born in Nanhai County, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. His former residence is located at No. 42, Yacai lane, Shier Fu West Street, Enning Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou. At the age of 12, he studied in the United States and was admitted to the Department of civil engineering of Yale University in 1878, majoring in railway engineering. He is an expert in modern Chinese Railway Engineering and is known as the first chief railway engineer in China. He was responsible for the construction of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway and other projects, known as "the father of China's railway" and "the father of China's modern engineering".

From 1905 to 1909, he took charge of the construction of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway, the first railway independently designed and built in China; he created "shaft digging method" and "herringbone" line, which shocked China and foreign countries; he made great achievements in planning the construction of Hujia, Luotong, Jinlu, Jinzhou, Pingli, Xinyi, Chaoshan, Yuehan and other railways. He has written a list of railway terms, a brief account of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway project, etc.

On April 24, 1919, he died of severe abdominal disease and heart failure at the age of 58.

Life of the characters

go abroad to study

Zhan Tianyou was born on March 17, 1861. Nanhai, Guangdong, is a native of Nanhai county.

In 1760, great grandfather Wan bang, who was engaged in business, brought his family members to settle down in Guangzhou from Wuyuan County, the former Huizhou Prefecture.

In 1820, he applied for naturalization in Nanhai County, which was approved by Nanhai county government. His father, Zhan Xinghong, made a living by writing letters and engraving seals.

From 1862 to 1871, Zhan Tianyou studied in private school.

In 1872, Rong hongtiao, a patriotic and innovative thinker, was appointed by the Qing government to study abroad in order to introduce western learning and innovate society. After being approved, he went to Hong Kong to recruit 120 children. After being persuaded by their best friend Tan Bo (from Xiangshan, Guangzhou, doing business in Macao), Xinghong and his wife decided to send their children to apply for the examination of their young children abroad. He went abroad with Rong Hong from Hong Kong to Shanghai and entered the preparatory class of Shanghai Foreign Affairs Bureau. He learned Chinese and English from Chen Lanbin. In 1872, he went to the United States with the first batch of 30 children, including Cai Shaoji and Liang dunyan.

In 1873, Zhan Tianyou entered West Haven primary school in Connecticut. Boarding with the headmaster (. L.H. Northrop).

In 1874, the Chinese students' office built a building in Collins Street, hardford, USA, for teachers and students to live in. It was very strict in supervising students to learn Chinese. Continue to study at wishfield primary school.

In 1877, he continued to study in New Haven Hillhouse middle school.

Qing Guangxu four years (1878) in New Haven Hillhouse middle school graduation, for the school's second. He was admitted to the Department of civil engineering, Sheffield Institute of technology, Yale University and majored in railway engineering.

Qingguangxu five years (1879) in Yale University academic performance, won the first prize in mathematics.

In 1880, he continued to study at Yale University and won the mathematics prize again.

Teaching in China

In 1881, he was a member of the excellent student association of Yale University. Graduated from Yale University (at that time, Yale was a three-year program). The original plan of continuing the internship for three years has not been carried out. The title of graduation thesis is "Research on wharf crane". He returned home immediately after graduation. At that time, the Qing government ordered the early withdrawal of students studying in the United States. Only two Chinese students graduated in 1881. The other is Ouyang Geng. After returning to China, he was sent to Fuzhou shipping administration school to study naval ship driving, with excellent results and five military merits.

In 1882, he graduated from the school of Fuzhou shipping administration and got the first place in the first class. He was sent to the warship Yangwu to practice as an intern.

Qing Guangxu nine years (1883) to continue training in the Yangwu warship, as a trainee crew.

From February to October in 1884, he served as a teacher in Fuzhou Shipping Bureau's back school. Because of his excellent teaching, he won the Qing government's top five award. In October, Zhang Zhidong invited him back to Guangdong to teach foreign languages in Huangpu Guangdong practical learning Museum (later renamed Guangdong erudite Museum).

In 1885, he continued to teach in Guangdong erudite Museum.

In 1886, he continued to teach in Guangdong erudite Museum, built coastal fort and mapped Guangdong coastal chart (the first chart in China)

In 1887, he continued to work in Guangdong erudite school (later renamed Guangdong water and land normal school).

In 1887, they married Tan Juzhen.

Build a railway

In 1888, Kuang Sunmou, a classmate of Kaiping Mining Bureau who studied in the United States, went to Tianjin China Railway Corporation as a helper engineer to work on the track laying project from Tanggu to Tianjin.

In 1889, he continued to be an engineer of China Railway Corporation, building the Tangshan Guye railway.

In 1890, Tangshan Guye railway was built.

In 1891, a railway was built from ancient times to Shanhaiguan.

In 1892, Guye Shanhaiguan railway was built.

In 1893, Luanhe railway bridge, the most difficult project from Guye to Shanhaiguan, was built.

In 1894, the method of compressed air caisson was first used to construct the pier foundation of Luanhe railway bridge in China. It solved the construction difficulty caused by the current destroying pile driving in Luanhe River flood season, which was not solved by British engineers. The bridge is a 17 hole steel beam with a total length of about 640 meters, which was the longest iron bridge in China at that time. He was elected to the British Society of civil engineers, which is the beginning of Chinese engineers. Guye Shanhaiguan railway was completed and opened to traffic. When the railway was started and repaired to Suizhong, it was stopped because of the Sino Japanese war.

In 1895, he was an engineer of beiyangguan Railway Bureau and led a team to survey and build the Tianjin Lugou Railway (Tianjin Lugou Bridge).

In 1896, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, he led a team to build the Jin Lu railway.

In 1897, due to the need for official title, according to the donation method of Qing government, the donation was made by Zhou Tong.

In 1898, he served as an engineer of the guanwai Railway General Administration, Jinzhou te road. Since then, the railway outside the pass has been built to the East. The compressed air caisson method is widely used to build bridges such as nuerhe river.

In 1899, he served as a resident engineer of Jinzhou railway, and the railway was opened to Jinzhou. Presided over the construction of Yingkou railway branch line (from Goubangzi to Yingkou).

Yingkou Branch line was built in 1900. The main line is about 73 km long. To assist in railway affairs outside the pass.

In 1901, the railway outside the pass was shut down, and was sent to Pingli railway for construction, insisting on the standard gauge.

In 1902, he was sent to take over the railway outside the pass from the emperor Russia, presided over the repair project, opened to traffic quickly, and served as the chief engineer of Xinyi railway. He started construction in December and started construction in winter.

In April 1903, the Xinyi railway was opened to traffic (43 km long), two months ahead of schedule. When his father died of illness, he went back to Guangdong for his father's funeral. After surveying the Chaozhou Shantou railway (from Chaozhou to Shantou, 39 kilometers long) in Guangdong Province, he left resolutely because the right to build the railway was in the hands of the Japanese.

When he passed Shanghai on his way back to work in 1904, he was employed as an engineering consultant by China Railway Corporation.

In 1905, he was sent to investigate the Daoqing railway. He served as the chief engineer of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway under the official office, and also as the director of the Bureau. In May, Xu Wen and Zhang Honghu, the engineering student, took the survey from Fengtai to Zhangjiakou, returned in June, put forward the investigation report and construction methods, and started construction in October. Kuang Sunmou and Yan Deqing, engineers studying in the United States, and Chen Xilin, Zhai Zhaolin, Shen Qi, Chai junchou, Yu Renfeng, engineers who graduated from the railway engineering class of Tianjin Beiyang Military Academy in 1893, were invited to build Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway. It is suggested that the standard gauge of 4-foot-8-inch-and-a-half (1.435m) should be adopted nationwide, the engineering standard should be unified, and the use of Janney Automatic Couplers should be promoted. He served as a member of the Ministry of Commerce. He and Kuang Sunmou were appointed as representatives of China to attend the Seventh World Conference in the United States, but they were unable to attend the conference due to their busy work. He was elected to the Royal Society of engineers and architects in Shanghai.

In 1906, the first section of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway (from Liucun to Nankou in Fengtai) was opened to traffic. The two sections from Nankou to chadaocheng and from chadaocheng to Zhangjiakou are under construction. Guangdong Han railway is invited to return to Guangdong. Due to the tight work on Jingzhang Road, Kuang Sunmou left Jingzhang to work as the chief engineer of Guangdong Yuehan railway. Write a letter to American friends to learn about the types of locomotives suitable for driving on large ramps, so as to solve the traction power problem of Guangou section of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway. Willison, a friend of the United States, said that China is conducting costly experiments to carry out innovation. He served as an examiner for returned students. Served as consultant of Jiangsu railway engineering.

In 1907, he was promoted to general office and chief engineer of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway. He is a road councillor in the post office. Badaling tunnel, a key project of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway

Chinese PinYin : Zhan Tian You