Cao Fang

Cao Fang

Cao Fang (232-274), named Lanqing, was born in Qiaoxian county (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, the third emperor of the state of Wei (from January 22, 239 to October 17, 254) was suspected to be the great grandson of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, the grandson of Cao Zhang, the king of Rencheng, and the son of Cao Kai, the king of Rencheng.

Taihe six years (232), was born in Rencheng palace. In the third year of Qinglong (235), he was selected as the adopted son of Cao Rui, emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and was canonized as the king of Qi. In the third year of Jingchu period (239), Cao Rui died on the same day. Cao Fang officially ascended the throne and was assisted by Cao Shuang and Sima Yi. In the first ten years, after the change of Gaoping mausoleum, Cao Shuang fell, and the regime fell into Sima's hands. In the sixth year of Jiaping (254), Zhongshu ordered Li Feng and Zhang Ji, the Guanglu doctor, to abolish Sima Shi and make Xiahou Xuan a general. After calming down the rebellion, Sima Shi abolished Cao Fang as king of Qi, and supported Cao Mao, the noble Xiang Gong, to succeed to the throne. After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Shaoling county was canonized.

In 274, Cao Fang died of illness at the age of 43. His posthumous title was Li.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Cao Fang, named Lanqing, was adopted by Cao Rui as his adopted son because all his sons died young. As an adopted son, Cao Fang, who grew up in the palace since childhood, was born with unknown origins. According to Wei's spring and Autumn Annals, Cao Fang may be the son of Cao Kai, the king of Rencheng, the grandson of Cao Zhang and the great grandson of Cao Cao. In the third year of the reign of Cao Qifang, he was granted the title of King Qinglong.

Ascend to the throne as Emperor

On the first day of the first month of the third year of Jingchu (January 22, 239), Cao Rui, the emperor of Wei Ming, was seriously ill. He was afraid that the foundation of the country would be unstable, so he made Cao Fang the crown prince. On that day, the emperor of Wei Ming died of illness, and Cao Fang ascended the throne. He was only eight years old. He respected the empress of Wei Ming as the Empress Dowager. In July of the same year, Cao Fang began to visit the court and listen to the minister's performance. In the second year, it was changed to Zhengshi. In February 244, Cao Fang, at the suggestion of Cao Shuang, ordered Cao Shuang to lead his troops to attack Shu, but in vain. In 247, general Cao Shuang listened to the plan of He Yan, Deng Yang and Ding MI and put empress dowager Guo under house arrest in Yongning palace. Empress dowager Guo and Cao Fang wept when they said goodbye. Since then, Cao Shuang has been in power. Cao Fang likes to spoil and get close to a group of villains. He often plays and drinks in the backyard. In July of the same year, he yanshangshu, the Secretary of state, admonished Cao Fang: "from now on, when the emperor goes to Shiqian hall or to Houyuan for amusement, there should be ministers to follow him, so as to inquire and discuss political affairs, explain and discuss the great meaning of scriptures, and follow him for generations." In December of the same year, Kong Yi, the official of Sanqi and Jianyi, said: "now the world is peaceful. Your majesty does not have to go to the back garden to learn riding skills. When you go out, you must take chariots. This is the blessing of the world and the wish of Ministers." Cao Fang did not listen to their opinions. On the sixth day of the first month of the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Cao Fang left Luoyang to visit the tomb of emperor Wei Ming, Gaoping mausoleum. Cao Shuang and his brothers followed. Sima Yi took the opportunity to play the role of Empress Dowager Yongning, asking to abolish Cao Shuang brothers, and lead troops to garrison Sima men to control the capital. Cao Shuang finally gave in and asked himself to be removed from his post. Soon after, he was convicted by Sima Yi and destroyed the three ethnic groups, which is known as the gaopingling incident in history. From then on, the military and political power of Cao Wei fell into Sima Yi's hands. In April of the same year, it was changed to Jiaping. After Sima Yi's death, his son Sima Shi controlled the government. In February of the sixth year of Jiaping (254), Zhongshu ordered Li Feng and Zhang Ji, the father of empress Zhang, to abolish Sima Shi and make Xia Hou Xuan a general. The matter came to light and was exterminated by Sima Shi. Later, Sima Shi forced Cao Fang to depose empress Zhang and establish empress Wang. Cao Fang was uneasy because he took part in the plot of Li Feng and others, but Sima Shi was worried about future trouble and secretly planned to depose Cao Fang.

He was abandoned and died

In September of the sixth year of Jiaping's reign (254), Sima Shi, together with Chinese ministers, played the role of Empress Dowager Guo. He talked about Cao Fang's crimes, such as not being in charge of politics, indulging in women's sex, abandoning lectures, insulting Confucians, having sex with eunuchs and Baolin, playing the Qing commercial order linghujing, and Pang Xi, the Qing commercial prime minister, even injuring linghujing with burning iron, and not being polite when the Empress Dowager lost her mother Throne, permission. Cao Fang moved out of Luoyang and built the Qi palace in chongmen of Hanoi county. All the etiquette systems were like the feudal system of princes. Through deliberation, the imperial court decided to establish Cao Mao as emperor. In 265, Sima Yan, son of Sima Zhao, usurped Wei Dynasty and established Jin Dynasty. After that, Cao Fang was granted the title of Duke of Shaoling county. In 274, Cao Fang died at the age of 43, posthumously named Li Gong.

Main impact

Politics

In the first month of the third year of Jingchu (239), Cao Fang succeeded to the throne. According to the will of emperor Wei Ming, he issued an imperial edict to assist the imperial government with general Cao Shuang and lieutenant Sima Yi. He led all the officials with situ, Sikong, Zhongzai and Yuanfu. All the palaces and pavilions that were ready to start construction were removed. The slaves over 60 years old in the government and the government officials were released to be ordinary civilians. In June of 239, because officials and people from Dongda County of Liaodong County crossed the sea to live in Qi County, Cao Fang ordered that the original Zongcheng city be renamed Xinda county to accommodate the people who had fled. On the 8th of March in the first year of Zhengshi (240), people from Wenxian county and Beifeng County of Liaodong county were organized to cross the sea on a large scale, and the land of Xi'an County, Linzi county and Changguo County of Qi county were set up to settle down in Xinwen county and Nanfeng County. In July 243, the fourth year of Zhengshi, Cao Fang ordered a sacrificial ceremony in the temple of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, to offer sacrifices to the late great Sima caozhen, Cao Xiu, Xia Hou Shang, Taichang Huanjie, Sikong Chenqun, Taifu Zhongyao, cavalry general Zhang Ying, left General Xu Huang, former general Zhang Liao, right general lejin, Taiwei Huaxin, situ Wanglang, Puqi general Cao Hong, and western general Xia Hou yuan, later General Zhu Ling, Wen pin, zhijinwu Zang Ba, broken General Li Dian, Liyi general Pang De, Wumeng Xiaowei Dianwei, etc. In November of the sixth year of Zhengshi (245), he sacrificed his ancestors to Taizu temple, and also to the 21 ministers who assisted Cao Cao.

military

In February of the seventh year of Zhengshi (246), the governor of Youzhou, Wu Qiujian, attacked Gaogouli. In May, he attacked Zhuo, and they all won. Dozens of countries, such as hanaxi, led their tribes to surrender. In November 252 of Jiaping's fourth year, the imperial court sent General Wang Chang, General Hu Zun and general Wu Qiujian to attack the state of Wu. In December of the same year, general Zhuge Ke of the state of Wu led the counterattack and defeated the Wei army in Dongguan. Wei Jun returned it. In May of the fifth year of Jiaping (253), Zhuge Ke led his troops to besiege Xincheng County of Hefei County in the state of Wei. In July, the state of Wu withdrew.

Culture

In the Zhengshi period of Cao Fang, there appeared the famous Zhengshi literature, represented by He Yan, Wang Bi, Xiahou Xuan and so on. The Seven Sages of bamboo grove were also active in Cao Fang's reign.

International Relations

In September 244, the Xianbei tribes in the North went down to the state of Wei. The court placed them in Liaodong county and set up Changli County for them to live in.

Historical evaluation

Wu Qiujian and Wen Qin: first of all, Xiang Guoyi, the king of Qi, was clever and had no bad morals. He was diligent and devoted to the world. ② Yi every sigh said that the king of Qi was worthy of being the Lord, and the righteousness of the king and his ministers was fixed. After serving for five years, he wanted to return to the government. According to his military arsenal, he issued an imperial edict to forbid soldiers to go out in vain. The master knew that he was a traitor and was not blessed by human beings and gods. He corrected the monarch and punished him with sin. Teng Yin: Cao Fang is insidious, but the government is in private, and his people and officials are inherently eccentric. Empress Dowager Guo abolished Cao Fang's imperial edict: Emperor fang had a long history of spring and autumn, he did not kiss others, he indulged in sexual favors, he was full of female virtues, he advocated excellence every day, he was ugly and joking about it; he welcomed the family members of the six palaces to stay in the inner rooms, ruined the relationship between men and women, and disobeyed the relationship between men and women; he was respectful and filial to the day, he was extremely rebellious, so he could not inherit heaven and worship the ancestral temple. Chen Shou: ancient people regarded the world as the public, and only the virtuous were the friends of the people. If the successor is suitable, he should take the virtue of the Ming Dynasty. If the Han Dynasty is written and publicized, it is not easy for him to do so. The Ming emperor was unable to take care of himself. He raised a baby, passed on a large instrument, and did not entrust it specially. He would join the Zhi clan. Finally, Cao Shuang killed the Yi and replaced the king of Qi. He Zhuo: Fang Linyu has been here for several years, but it is not as if Changyi had been conquered. If there is a lack of virtue and evil spread among the people, why is it difficult for a teacher to hold on to his words? Today, it is called the order of the Empress Dowager. Some people know that it is false. Liang Zhangju: at the beginning of the reign of the king of Qi, he stopped working in the palace. He dismissed his servants and maids for more than 60 years, and went out to sell gold and silver for military use. In two years, he passed the Analects of Confucius, in five years, and in seven years, he passed the book of rites.

Anecdotes and allusions

Green headed chicken

In the autumn of the sixth year of Jiaping (254), Sima Zhao was ordered to attack Jiang Wei and arrived in the capital. Cao Fang's military parade at Pingle temple. Xu Yun and his relatives planned to kill Sima Zhao when he resigned and led the army to attack Sima division. The imperial edict has been written. When Sima Zhao came to see Cao Fang, who was eating chestnut, the eunuch Yun Wu sang: "green headed chicken, green headed chicken!" Qingtouji refers to "duck", homonym for "bet", is to remind Cao Fang to draw a bet on the imperial edict and kill Sima Zhao, but Cao Fang failed because of fear. After that, Sima Zhao led his troops into Luoyang City, and Sima Shi also planned to abolish Cao Fang's throne. the above anecdotes can be found in the spring and Autumn Annals of the Wei family and Wei Lue. Pei Songzhi believed that Xu Yun could not participate in the plan.

Lost Sword

In 245, Cao Fang had a sword. He often wore it. One day, he disappeared without any reason. Only the empty box remained the same. Later, he died

Chinese PinYin : Cao Fang