Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Franklin Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 - April 12, 1945), referred to as FDR, is the 32nd president of the United States, and the first president in the history of the United States to serve four consecutive terms (died of illness in the fourth term).

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Roosevelt carried out a new deal to provide unemployment relief and revive the economy, and set up many institutions to reform the economy and banking system, saving the United States from the abyss of the economic crisis. Some of his plans continue to play an important role in the country's commerce and trade. In addition, some of the systems established during his term of office still remain. Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor Roosevelt are the models of American modern liberalism.

Roosevelt was one of the important leaders of the Allied camp during the Second World War. After the Pearl Harbor Incident in 1941, rosford declared war on Japan and introduced price control and rationing. Roosevelt transformed the United States into an "arms factory of a democratic country" with the lease act, which made the United States the main arms supplier and financier of the allies, and also made the domestic industry of the United States expand greatly and achieve full employment. After the Allies gradually reversed the situation in the late World War II, Roosevelt played a key role in shaping the post-war world order, especially in the Yalta Conference and the establishment of the United Nations. Later, with the help of the United States, the allies defeated Germany, Italy and Japan. On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt died of a cerebral hemorrhage in a hot spring in Georgia.

Roosevelt is the longest serving president of the United States so far and has been rated as the best president of the United States many times. In 2006, it was ranked the fourth among the 100 people who influenced the United States by Atlantic Monthly.

Life of the characters

Early life

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born in New York on January 30, 1882. His father, James rosford I, is an active figure in the diplomatic and business circles, and his mother, Sarah Delano, is a beautiful woman born in the upper class and educated abroad. After his mother's initial education, Roosevelt studied Latin, French, German, calligraphy, arithmetic and European history with his tutor. They didn't want to spoil him. His life was strictly controlled. Before he was five years old, his mother always asked him to wear curly blonde hair with drooping shoulders and children's clothes. Later, she insisted that he wear her ancestors' unique Scottish short skirt with fur pockets in front and elegant Scottish highland hat. It was not until he was nearly eight years old that Franklin persuaded his mother to buy him some English seaman's clothes.

In 1896, Roosevelt was sent to Groton school, which aimed to train politicians, and began to adapt to the new environment. He read a lot, wide knowledge, gentle, love sports, good at tennis, golf, like riding and sailing. At that time, the popularity of rugby in Groton school, he took the initiative to organize a cheerleading team, when the administrator. He is good at debate and is a member of the debate society. After graduating from Groton public school, he once wanted to enter Annapolis Naval Academy, hoping to become a naval officer in the future. But the old father was adamant against it.

In 1900, Roosevelt entered Harvard University to study politics, history and journalism. This year, his 72 year old father died, leaving a deposit of 120000 US dollars, and his mother inherited a legacy of 1.3 million US dollars from her grandfather. Roosevelt was very keen on social activities in his college days, and his academic performance was not outstanding. He traveled to Europe several times and liked ball games. At Harvard, he was an excellent assistant to the scarlet. He invited his cousin Theodore Roosevelt, who was governor of New York, to give a speech at Harvard, so the press recruited him as an assistant. At that time, Roosevelt, as McKinley's partner, ran for president with Brian of the Democratic Party. He volunteered to visit the principal, who met the freshman. Roosevelt said to the headmaster aggressively, "if your vote represents your faith, you should be willing to put your influence on the scale." Elliot answered his question. Not only did the crimson publish the exclusive news about Franklin, but other major American newspapers also reprinted it one after another. When Roosevelt was about to graduate, he was promoted to editor in chief of the newspaper. In order to maintain his reputation, he studied as a graduate student at Harvard University for another year.

In 1904, Roosevelt entered Columbia Law School. In March 1905, she married Eleanor, President Theodore Roosevelt's niece. The president personally attended the wedding ceremony, which made the wedding very grand, but Franklin found that most people came because of the president, which inspired his determination to engage in politics.

In 1907, Roosevelt graduated from law school and became a lawyer in a law firm. At that time, he also worked as a legal adviser for the "Anliang general hall" founded in New York by situ Meitang, a leader of overseas Chinese living in the United States and founder of China Zhi Gong Party, for 10 years.

Get involved in politics

In 1910, Franklin Roosevelt began to enter politics as a Democrat. When he told his Republican cousin about the decision, he was furious and said, "you mean son of a bitch! You traitor... " But Franklin Roosevelt didn't change course. In a red car, he delivered more than 10 speeches a day, and was elected a New York senator.

In 1913, President Wilson appointed him as assistant secretary of the Navy. During his seven years in office, he was outstanding and advocated the construction of a "strong and capable navy". Franklin Roosevelt established his influence in the Navy throughout his life. In 1919, Franklin Roosevelt lobbied for Wilson's League of Nations Program, resulting in the failure of the 1920 vice president election. Although he failed in this election campaign, his brilliance as a new political star has not been diminished. After that, Roosevelt became the vice chairman of the Maryland credit and savings company, and at the same time, he returned to the legal profession. In addition, Franklin Roosevelt also engaged in various business ventures.

In August 1921, Franklin Roosevelt took his family on holiday on Campobello island. After putting out a forest fire, he jumped into the cold water and suffered from poliomyelitis. The prospect of high fever, pain, numbness and lifelong disability did not make Franklin Roosevelt give up his ideals and beliefs. He had been exercising persistently, trying to recover his walking and standing ability. The Georgia hot spring he used to treat his illness was known as "the place of laughter". During his recovery, Franklin Roosevelt read a lot of books, including many biographies and historical works.

In 1928, with the understanding and support of Mrs. Roosevelt, Roosevelt returned to politics and won the governor election narrowly. In 1929, he became governor of New York State (re elected in 1930).

Overcoming the crisis

See: the great depression

The presidential election in 1932 was conducted against the background of the serious financial crisis. In November 1932, he took part in the election campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate and put forward the program of implementing the "New Deal" and revitalizing the economy. Political opponents often attacked him with his disability, which Franklin Roosevelt had to fight with all his life, but he always turned it into an advantage with his outstanding achievements, eloquence and energy. When he ran for the first time, he told people through his speech: "a governor is not necessarily an acrobat. We didn't choose him because he could roll forward or backward. What he does is mental work, trying every means to benefit the people. " Relying on such perseverance and optimism, Roosevelt finally defeated Hoover and became president of the United States in 1933.

At the beginning of 1933, when Franklin Roosevelt took office as president for the first time, when the storm of the Great Depression swept across the United States, there were unemployment, bankruptcy, bankruptcy and collapse everywhere, and the pain, fear and despair of the United States could be seen everywhere. Franklin Roosevelt showed an overwhelming confidence. He delivered a passionate speech when he was sworn in, telling people that the only thing we fear is fear itself. On the cold afternoon of March 4, 1933, the new president's determination and relaxed optimism "ignited the new spirit of national unity". It also puts forward the policy policies aimed at national rejuvenation and good neighborly relations with foreign countries. After Roosevelt entered the White House, he actively carried out the "Roosevelt New Deal" with relief, reform and revival as the main content. The "New Deal" abandoned the traditional laissez faire, strengthened government intervention in the economic field, implemented deficit finance, and vigorously developed public utilities to stimulate the economy. In order to carry out the new deal, Roosevelt organized a group of lawyers, experts and scholars with liberal color into a think tank to consult on principles and policies; through "fireside talk", he kept close contact with the people, fought resolutely against the Supreme Court which opposed the new deal, and successfully reorganized the supreme court.

From March 9 to June 16, 1933, the United States Congress held a special meeting at the request of President Roosevelt. Roosevelt successively put forward various kinds of state of union speeches to supervise and guide the legislative work of Congress. Congress passed the emergency Banking Act, the Federal Emergency Relief Act, the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Tennessee River basin management act with astonishing speed.

From 1933 to 1934, the new deal focused on "rejuvenation". The main measures include: maintaining bank credit, devaluing the US dollar, and stimulating investment in China

Chinese PinYin : Luo Si Fu