Wuling County

Wuling County

Wuling County, which was set up in the Western Han Dynasty, is located in Hunan Province, Hubei Province, Guizhou Province, Chongqing city and Guangxi.

The place name Wuling first appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty. There have always been two theories about the governance of Wuling County in the Western Han Dynasty. One is Zhisuo County, the other is Zhiyi mausoleum. As for the time of setting Wuling County, Yuanshui in shuijingzhu is recorded as "the second year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (205 BC)". In the new mang period, Wuling county was changed into Jianping County, Linyuan County into Jianyuan County, and Fuling County into Fulu county.

brief introduction

According to the records of Geography in the history of Han Dynasty, "Wuling county was established by Emperor Gao, and mang was named Jianping. It belongs to Jingzhou. County 13: Suo (now Wuling District, Dingcheng District and Hanshou County of Changde City, and the old city is 60 Li northeast of Changde City), Fuling (now Gongan County of Hubei Province and Nanxian County, Huarong County, Yueyang County, Anxiang county and Lixian County of Hunan Province), Linyuan (now Wuling District, most of Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County of Changde City), Yuanling (now Yuanling County, Huxi County, Jishou county and Mayang county), Tancheng (now Hongjiang City and Guizhou Province) Yang, Jingxian, Suining, Huitong, Tongdao, Huaihua and other counties are in Guizhou Province, Wuyang (Zhijiang, Xinhuang, Huaihua and other counties are in Guizhou Province), Qianling (Baojing and Sichuan Province), Chenyang (Chenxi, Mayang, Huayuan and Fenghuang), Youyang (Yongshun, Longshan, Guzhang and other counties are in Sichuan Province), Yiling (Xupu) Wuling county is also known as "Yiling county". According to the record of Yiling written by Changlin of Jin Dynasty, "Xiang Yu killed Yidi in Chen, Wuling people cried in zhaoquting, and Gaodi heard about it, so it was called Yiling." The county governs Yiling county. According to the original annotation of Wuling County in the book of the later Han Dynasty, it was named Qianzhong county. It was renamed in the fifth year of emperor Gaodi (202 BC)

Historical evolution

In the new mang period, Wuling county was changed into Jianping County, Linyuan County into Jianyuan County, and Fuling County into Fulu county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jianyuan county was called Linyuan County, Fulu county was called Fuling County, and Jianping County was called Wuling county. Linyuan, Hanshou, Fuling, Lingling, Chong, Yuanling, Chenyang, Youyang, Qianling, Tancheng, Yuannan, Zuotang (divided into Fuling County in the Western Han Dynasty, now Anxiang County, and the old city now Anxiang County North) 13. County governance Linyuan (now Changde City). According to the Yuan River in shuijingzhu, Linyuan county is located in the south of the county, because it is named after Yuanshui. Since then, Linyuan has been ruled by counties, prefectures, roads and prefectures in all dynasties.

From the Western Han Dynasty to the Chen Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Wuling county was greatly reduced. Since then, Langzhou in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Wuling County, Dingzhou in Song Dynasty, Changde Road in Yuan Dynasty and Changde Prefecture in Ming and Qing dynasties have basically the same jurisdiction as Wuling County in Chen Dynasty.

Han dynasty

According to the summary of reading historical books by Gu Zuyu in Qing Dynasty, Hanshou is now the old city of Hanshou in the east of Changde. In 191, Liu Biao was the governor of Jingzhou and moved to Xiangyang. He was the former leader of seven counties and now the leader of seven counties (namely Nanyang County, Nanjun County, Jiangxia County, Lingling County, Wuling County, Guiyang County and Changsha County), which is equivalent to the vast areas of Hunan, Hubei and southern Henan, as well as Guangdong, Guangxi and Guizhou. According to the records of Wuling County by Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty, "Hanshou City, 60 Li northeast of the county, benhansuo County, Zhiyan County of Wuling County, was renamed Hanshou by Emperor hanshun, and was transferred to Jingzhou by the governor of Jingzhou. It is commonly known as" Kongzhou city ". It is known that it is a residential field, and the site still exists.". According to the records of Changde cultural relics, the Han Dynasty city of Suo county is located in duangangtou village, 30 kilometers away from the east gate of Changde City. The city remains today. The city is composed of two big and small cities, with a total area of 540000 square meters. The city wall is 3-4 meters high and 12-18 meters wide, with four gates in the East, South, West and North. There are watchtowers 7-10 meters high at the four corners of the city. There are moats about 30 meters wide around the city. There are Han bricks and tiles all over the city. There are 14 Han Tombs in the southeast outside the city. Liu Yuxi of Tang Dynasty wrote the poem "Spring View of Hanshou city".

three countries

In the Three Kingdoms period, Wuling county was still in Linyuan (now most of Wuling district and Dingcheng District of Changde City). It belonged to Shu at first and then to Wu. In 263, Emperor Wu Jing changed the name of Hanshou County to Wushou County, and established louzhong County in Lingling and Chongxian, Nanan County in fenfuling county and Tianmen County in the West. It was in louzhong county (now Cili County and Dayong county) for 15 years. At this time, Jingzhou had moved from Hanshou to Jiangling, Hubei. Wuling county only governs Linyuan, Wushou (governing the western part of present Hanshou County and the eastern part of Dingcheng District), Longyang (governing the eastern part of present Hanshou County), Yuannan, Yuanling, Chenyang, Qianyang, Qianling, Tancheng, Youyang and Wuyang counties in the Yuanshui River Basin, but no longer governs the counties in the Lishui River Basin.

Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties

In the Western Jin Dynasty, the establishment of Wuling county and the area under its jurisdiction had no great changes. Wushou County in the eastern Wu Dynasty had been restored to the old name of Hanshou County.

During the Liu Song (420-479) period of the Southern Dynasty, the area under the jurisdiction of Wuling County remained unchanged, except that Wuling county was originally subordinate to Jingzhou but was subordinate to Yingzhou (governing Wuchang County by the state) (see Song Shu Zhou Jun Zhi); during the Xiaoqi (479-502) period, Wuling Jun moved to Yuanling (see Nanqi Shu Zhou Jun Zhi); during the Xiaoliang (502-557) period, Wuling Jun still moved back to Linyuan and was promoted to Wuzhou. (see Sui Shu · geography annals, Taiping Huanyu Ji, summary of history reading Fang Yu). During the period of Chen Dynasty (557-589), Yuanling County was set up in Yuanling, Chenyang, Qianyang, Qianling, Tancheng, Youyang and Wuyang in the upper and middle reaches of the former Wuling County, while Linyuan, Yuannan, Hanshou and Longyang in the lower reaches of the Yuan River were Wuling counties, which governed Linyuan. During this period, in the seventh year of Chen Taijian's reign (575), Wuzhou, which Liang established in Wuling Prefecture, was renamed Yuanzhou, under the jurisdiction of Wuling, nanyiyang and Nanping.

Two statements

One is the rule of Suo County, and the people who hold this view are as follows: Yu Di Guang Ji by Ouyang of Song Dynasty, historical evolution table by Duan Changji of Qing Dynasty, and Wuling county annals by Tongzhi. They hold this view, perhaps according to the geographical records of the Han Dynasty, Wuling county takes over 13 counties, and Suo county ranks first among all counties. According to the Convention of the book, the county governance was also placed at the top of the counties under its jurisdiction, so Suo county was regarded as Wuling County governance.

Second, Zhiyi mausoleum. Those who hold this view are as follows: Kuo Di Zhi by Wang Tai of the Tang Dynasty, Han Shu Zhu by Yan shigu of the Tang Dynasty, evolution table of Jiaqing Changde Fu Zhi · map Kao, general Zhi of Hunan Province · geography Zhi, new Changde County Zhi and Changde City Zhi. The author also agrees. The reason is that emperor Qianzhong changed the location of Wuling county to that of Western Han Dynasty. According to Yuanhe county annals, Qianzhong County of Qin Dynasty is located in the west of Yuanling County of Chenzhou.

archaeological discovery

In recent years, archaeologists have found the ruins of the city. Qianzhong County of Qin Dynasty was originally conquered by Chu in 277 B.C. in the thirtieth year of King Zhao of Qin Dynasty. Wujun and Jiangnan were chosen as Qianzhong county. Before that, it was Qianzhong County of Chu. Qin's purchase of Qianzhong county was mainly to strengthen the military and political control over Wu, Qianzhong and Jiangnan areas. Yuanling County is located in the middle reaches of Yuanling river. It can reach Guizhou Province upstream and Dongting County downstream. Yuanling River, Lishui River, Western and Northern Hunan are under control. Economically speaking, gold in Lishui of Guizhou, bamboo and wood in Western Hunan, Camellia oleifera, bracteata, raw lacquer, especially the rich copper, tin, lead and other minerals in Chenxi and Mayang counties are important material resources urgently needed in the development of a country. Qianzhong county is located here, which has important economic and strategic significance for the management of the whole southwest. After the Han Dynasty took Qianzhong County, Wuling county was set up, and the county government was set up in Xupu, which is not far from Yuanling County. The intention is self-evident, that is to replace everything done here by the previous dynasty. Yan shigu's annotation of Hanshu is a collection of more than 20 annotations before him. He is knowledgeable and has a collection of books from the Secretary province to use. His annotation of Hanshu is deeply valued by scholars. In the annotation of Hanshu, he said: "Yiling in the old rule is not the name of the county." There must be a basis. Perhaps he had a deep understanding of the mystery mentioned above, so he made the conclusion that "Wuling county was ruled by Yiling.". However, I also think that before Suo county was changed to Hanshou County as the governor of Jingzhou, it might have been the governor of Wuling County for a while, perhaps after Yiling county. Because if it had not been a county government and had not the conditions to set up a larger military, political and economic center, the governor would not have moved there.

Set time

As for the setting time of Wuling County, Yuanshui in shuijingzhu is recorded as "the second year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (205 BC)". Although it is recorded in Shiji Gaozu Benji that "in the second year of emperor Gaozu, Xiang Yu killed emperor Yidi in Jiangnan and mourned him in March". It seems to coincide with the time when Wuling county was renamed Yiling county. In the second year of Gaozu, Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty, set up counties in Longxi, Beidi, Shangjun, Weinan, Heshang and Zhongdi. Outside the pass, Henan county (governing Luoyang) and Hanoi county (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan Province) were set up. The king of the Han Dynasty himself went to the East and was defeated by Xiang Yu in Lingbi east of Pengcheng. Even his parents and wife were captured by Xiang Yu. It was not easy to gather the soldiers one after another, together with the troops led by the generals and Guanzhong, that the Chu soldiers were defeated in Xingyang, and 11 soldiers were sent between Beijing and su. However, the establishment of counties in the South or southwest of China can not be taken into account at this time. As for the fifth year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty (202 BC), Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang in this year; the king of Han Dynasty, namely the emperor, was in Luoyang; Wu Rui, the king of Hengshan, was granted the title of king of Changsha and king of Yue, and Wu Zhu, the king of Fujian and Yue. At this time, in the former Qin and Guizhou

Chinese PinYin : Wu Ling Jun4