Li Han

Li Ang

Tang Wenzong Li Ang (November 20, 809-february 10, 840), formerly known as Li Han, was the fourteenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (except Wu Zetian and Tang Shangdi, who reigned in 826-840). Li Heng, the second son of Tang muzong, whose mother was the Xiao family, empress Zhenxian.

Li Ang is polite, thrifty, elegant and knowledgeable. In the first year of Changqing (821), he was granted the title of King Jiang. In December of the second year of Baoli (826), he became emperor at the age of 18. In the early years of his reign, he made great efforts to govern. He released more than 3000 palace maids, released five Eagle dogs, and saved redundant personnel. He used his favorite ministers Li Xun and Zheng Zhu to launch the Ganlu revolution in an attempt to eliminate the eunuch power. After the defeat, he was put under house arrest. In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), Li Ang died of depression. At the age of 31, he was posthumously named emperor Xianxiao of yuan shengzhao, and his temple was named Wenzong. He was buried in Zhangling.

Li angxi wrote five character poems with a clear and solemn ancient tune. There are six poems and two couplets in the whole Tang poetry.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Li Ang, whose real name is Li Han, is the second son of Li Heng, Emperor mu of Tang Dynasty, and the younger brother of Li Zhan, Emperor Jingzong of Tang Dynasty. His mother is the Xiao family, empress Zhenxian. Born on October 10 (November 20) in the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), Qingcheng Festival has been designated since then. In the first year of Changqing (821), he was granted the title of King Jiang.

He was made emperor

On the eighth day of December in the second year of Baoli (826), eunuch Liu Keming and others killed Tang Jingzong and forged a decree to welcome Li Wu, the son of Tang Xianzong, into the palace as emperor. Two days later, eunuchs Wang Shoucheng and Liang Shouqian led the Shence army into the palace to kill Liu Keming and Li Wu, the king of Jiang, and changed the name of Li Ang to Taihe.

Li Tongjie, the son of Li quanlue, cangjing Jiedu envoy, stole military power and sought to inherit his father's position. In the first year of Taihe (827), the imperial court launched a crusade, but the war lasted for a long time. In the second year of Taihe (828), Li Tongjie surrendered and the chaos of cangjing was settled.

During Li Ang's reign, the courtiers were divided into two groups, Niu and Li. Each group had its own faction and attacked each other. Many honest and ambitious people became the victims of the party struggle. Officials transferred frequently, so that the emperor's life and death were controlled by eunuchs.

In 831, Li Ang and the Prime Minister Song Shenxi secretly planned to get rid of the eunuch, but Wang Shoucheng and his disciples found out that they falsely accused song Shenxi of trying to set up the king of Zhang. Li Ang fell into the trap and song Shenxi was demoted to death.

Li Ang wanted to root out the eunuch power and recapture the political power, so he promoted Zheng Zhu and Li Xun from the lower levels as the imperial historian and Prime Minister respectively. Li Ang adopted the advice of Zheng Zhu and others. First of all, he used the contradiction between eunuchs to appoint Qiu Shiliang, a subordinate of Wang Shoucheng, as the second lieutenant of Zuo Shence to take charge of part of the imperial guards, so as to weaken Wang Shoucheng's military power. Then, he cut off Wang Shoucheng's military power and ordered him to drink poison wine and commit suicide. At this time, Zheng Zhu had been appointed as Fengxiang Jiedushi. Li Ang decided that Zheng Zhu would choose hundreds of soldiers to kill all the eunuchs when he buried Wang Shoucheng. When Li Xun took Zheng Zhu to Fengxiang to move troops, he agreed with Li Ang to change the original plan. First he killed all the eunuchs, and then he expelled Zheng Zhu.

To get rid of the eunuchs who hold the real power of the forbidden army, we must have certain armed forces. Li Xun appointed Wang Yao, the Minister of the Ministry of household, as the governor of Taiyuan, and Guo Xingyu, the Minister of Dali, as the governor of Funing. He hoped that before they went to town, they would recruit some soldiers to help remove the eunuchs. He also appointed Luo Liquan, the governor of Jingzhao, the Minister of Taifu, as the commander of Zuojin Wuwei. Li Xiao, the doctor and censor of the Ministry of criminal justice, and the censor Zhongcheng, the censor.

The change of manna

On November 21, the ninth year of Taihe (835), when he was in Zichen hall in the early Dynasty, Han Yue, the general of Jinwu, wrote a memorial to Zuo Jinwu. The pomegranate trees in the courtyard were covered with dew at night. Li Xun suggested that the emperor should take a look at the auspicious weather and the Forbidden City. So Li Ang went to Hanyuan hall and ordered the prime minister, Zhongshu and the provincial officials to watch first. The officials came back and said that the doubt was not true. Li Aung Nai ordered the eunuch Shence army to lead the eunuch to inspect.

When Qiu Shiliang and others arrived at Zuojin wuzhangyuan, they saw that Han Yue was in a panic. They found that armed soldiers were lurking behind the scenes and exited in a hurry. Li Xun and others wanted to lure the eunuch to Jinwu battle court in the name of watching Ganlu and annihilate it at one stroke, but this plan failed. The eunuch retreated to Hanyuan palace and forced Li Ang to enter the inner palace by ruanyu. Li Xun urged Jinwu's guards to go to the palace to protect him. While climbing the public opinion, he cried out, "Your Majesty is not allowed to enter the palace.". There were ten Jinwu guards, about 500 officials of Jingzhao government and Yushitai people who went to the palace to fight hard, and dozens of eunuchs were killed and injured. But at this time, Li Ang scolded Li Xun. The eunuch also knocked Li Xun to the ground, carried Li Ang into the xuanzheng gate, closed the gate, and the courtiers scattered. Seeing that things were not going well, Li Xun went out of the palace and rode into Zhongnanshan Buddhist temple. The prime ministers Wang Ya, Jia Xiang and Shu Yuanyu did not know the truth, so they retreated to Zhongshu province to wait for Wenzong to summon them.

After the eunuch took Li Ang back into the inner hall, he immediately sent 500 Shence troops out of the East Gate with a knife, and killed 600 or 700 people. Then they closed all the gates of the palace city, searched and arrested, and killed more than a thousand people. Li Xun, Wang Ya, Jia fan, Shu Yuanyu, Wang Fan, Guo Xingyu, Luo Liyan, Li Xiaoben and Han Yue were killed successively. At the time of the incident, Zheng Zhuozheng led five hundred soldiers to Chang'an. He was defeated by the governor and returned to Fengxiang, where he was also killed by the Jianjun. All the above people were killed by their families, and more people were implicated to death. After the eunuch's massacre, the DPRK and Lenin were almost empty.

After the incident, Li Ang was put under house arrest by the eunuch. The eunuch is in charge of state affairs, and the prime minister is only in charge of clerical work. Eunuchs are domineering, threatening the emperor, contemptuous of the prime minister and bullying courtiers. Wenzong couldn't do anything about it. He just drank to get drunk and wrote poems. He lamented to Zhou long, a bachelor on duty, that he was not as good as king Nan of Zhou and Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty because he was a slave. Zhou long also shed tears on the ground.

When the prime ministers Zheng Qin and Li Shi pointed out to the eunuchs that Li Xun and Zheng Zhu were also recommended by the eunuchs, and Liu Congjian, the Jiedu envoy of the Zhaoyi army, denounced Qiu Shiliang for the injustice of Wang Ya and Jia Li, he was afraid and restrained, and the emperor and his ministers of the Emperor Wen Zong were able to exercise some power.

Illness and death

Wenzong had intended to make Li Pu, the eldest son of Jingzong, the king of Jin, the crown prince, but Li Pu died young, so Wenzong made him a memorial prince. Later, Li Yong, his eldest son, was made Prince.

After the death of Zhuang Ke's Prince Li Yong, Wenzong once made Li Chengmei, the youngest son of Jingzong, the king of Chen, the prince. However, he was seriously ill without giving the ceremony.

In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), Li Ang became depressed and could not get out of bed. He ordered Liu Hongyi and Xue Jiling to call prime ministers Yang Sifu and Li Jue to assist the crown prince in supervising the state. Qiu Shiliang and Yu Hong forged the imperial edict that night. They deposed the crown prince as king Chen and made Li Yan king of Ying as his younger brother. They were responsible for handling military affairs and took Li Yan to the court to meet officials. When Li Ang heard of it, he was helpless, and no one dared to oppose it.

On the fourth day of the first lunar month (February 10, 840), Li Ang died in the hall of Taihe in Chang'an palace with infinite melancholy. He was 31 years old. His posthumous title is emperor Xianxiao of yuan shengzhao, and his temple title is Wenzong. He was buried in Zhangling.

Political initiatives

Politics

During the reign of Li Ang, he was not good at women, diligent in politics, strict in frugality, rid himself of extravagance, ordered to stop many things that cost people and money, and devoted himself to the revival of the dynasty. He was quite diligent among the emperors in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. However, although he was diligent and fastidious, he lacked the ability to govern the country and could not eliminate the disaster in the end.

military

From the first year of Taihe (827) to the second year of Taihe (828), Li Ang sent troops to fight against the rebellion of Li Tongjie in Henghai town.

Literary achievements

Li Ang is polite, thrifty and elegant. He is well versed in politics. Once said: "if not a night to see things, B night to see books, how to be king." Every time he came to the imperial examination, he often made up his own topic. After getting the works of scholars, he personally read and chanted them, forgetting all day long. Li Ang often asked the scholars to discuss the classics and compare the past and the present. He also liked to discuss with the prime minister about the skill and clumsiness of poetry, and often recited Du Fu's poem Qujiang. Li Ang himself is also good at writing poems, especially five character poems. In Tang Yulin, Wang Dang commented: "Wenzong is good at five character poetry, with the same character as suzong, Daizong and Xianzong There are six poems and two couplets in Quan Tang Shi.

Historical evaluation

Liu Yuxi: Succeeding to Sancai Li, inheriting the nine families of Yan. Yugong stayed in the sea, Yin Li paid Tianlun. Diaolu songs are always there, and Qiufeng CI is still new. Let dihuachun come first. The moon falls, the palace car moves, the wind is sad, and the guard of honor is idle. The road only looks forward to the Phoenix, the human still wants the dragon face. There was nothing wrong with Yuyu, so Chengyun didn't return it. The sun goes down to the west mountain. Enjoy the country for 15 years and ascend to heaven for thousands of years. There is a long way to go for the immortals, and there is a complete range of riding and blowing rituals. Outside the mausoleum, people mourn in front of the old sword. There are old people in Zhounan, looking at Qinchuan in tears.

Liu Xu's the old book of the Tang Dynasty: 1. Emperor Zhaoxian was courteous, thrifty and elegant. He inherited his father's and brother's extravagance and evils. When the temple was in power, he was able to control the chaos and replace the danger. At the beginning of Dahe, it was clear. In the early days, when the emperor was in the vassal state, he liked to read Zhenguan Zhengyao. Every time he saw Taizong's political way, he intended to read it. After he ascended the throne, every time Yanying met the prime minister, he missed eleven quarters However, the emperor changed the forbidden Wei for many generations, especially in the middle officials, and wanted to eliminate it. However, there is no way to control them, and their strategies are wrong, leading to danger. Although the emperor has his own way, he can't eliminate it! ② Zhao Xian dominates heaven, Hong only commands virtue. Anger, hatred and Disgrace in the heart, and determination to get rid of the evil. Without Kui, there are ghosts. If heaven is not well managed, why should chaos stop.

Ouyang Xiu's new book of Tang Dynasty: Wenzong was courteous, thrifty and elegant. Out of heaven's desire, he tasted Taizong's Zhengyao and was respectful. And ascended the throne, determined to rule, every extension of the British Prime Minister, the rate of missing 11 minutes. In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor regarded the dynasty only by the sun, and ordered him to stop the dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Li Han