Guo Li
Guo Li
Guo Li (1916-1976), the pioneer of Chinese automobile industry.
In February 1950, the central Ministry of heavy industry set up a preparatory group for the automobile industry, and Guo Li was appointed as the director of the preparatory group. On April 19, 1952, he was appointed as the first director of Changchun automobile factory by the Ministry of heavy industry.
From site selection to studying advanced technology in the Soviet Union, until July 14, 1956, the first batch of 12 Jiefang cars went off the production line as scheduled, announcing the completion and operation of FAW. Guo Li has made an indelible contribution to ending the history that China can't make cars.
In 1964, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping set up the trust experiment, and Guo Li was appointed as the general manager of the China Automobile Industry Corporation. Soon after that, he was appointed as the Vice Minister of the first machinery industry department, in charge of the national automobile industry, so he was also called "the first person of new China automobile".
social context
After the founding of new China, under the situation of economic recovery and booming industries, the state began to plan the establishment of automobile industry. In February 1949, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other leaders agreed with Stalin in the former Soviet Union to help build a large-scale construction project in China, including a large truck factory. In 1950, the project was formally established. The Soviet side provided long-term loans of 300 million US dollars (1 point per year) and 500 million rubles (2 points per year) to China's automobile project, and the Stalin automobile factory in Moscow was responsible for the construction. Then, our side included the automobile factory project into the key project of the first Five-Year Plan of the country.
In October 1949, the central government set up the Ministry of heavy industry. At that time, Minister He Changjiang and vice minister Liu Ding pointed out that the project of automobile factory was very important, and they had already started the preparation work of automobile industry. In April 1950, the automobile preparatory group was formally established, with Guo Li as the director and Meng Shaonong and Hu Yunfang as the deputy directors. Guo Li graduated from Harbin Institute of technology in his early years. Before liberation, he had been engaged in military production for a long time. He was familiar with military production technology and knew foreign languages. At that time, he was the director of the expert Office of the Ministry of heavy industry, so it was very appropriate to choose him for this job. This is the earliest industry management organization in China's automobile industry.
The preparation of new China's automobile industry was carried out in the old China's automobile industry environment. In old China, people of insight from all walks of life had the desire to establish a national automobile industry from time to time, but in the situation of chaotic political situation and backward economy, everything became a dream like a flash in the pan. For example, Dr. Sun Yat Sen put forward the idea of developing automobiles, building highways and establishing automobile workshops in his general plan for the founding of the people's Republic of China. In 1913, Zhang Xueliang first raised the banner of "made in China" and set up an automobile factory in Liaoning Province to produce Minsheng brand automobiles, but only a few of them were built on trial. In the 1920s, Yan Xishan wanted to build a Shanxi automobile repair and manufacturing plant on the basis of the Arsenal founded in Taiyuan. Jiang Chunjing was in charge of the plant, which imitated the American 1.5T truck and named it Shanxi brand. During the period of the Republic of China, it also planned to build a Chinese automobile manufacturing company. From 1937 to 1939, it assembled more than 2000 cars with imported parts. During the Anti Japanese War, the Resources Committee organized the central machinery factory and assembled some automobiles. Until the founding of the people's Republic of China, there were only some small factories for repair and parts manufacturing in China, and the foundation was very weak, which could not support the start of the automobile industry. We have to start from scratch.
In the early 1950s, the state planned to build two automobile factories. One is the first automobile factory, which started construction in 1953; the other is the second automobile factory.
As for the preparation of FAW, in December 1950, the former Soviet Ministry of automobile and tractor industry appointed the chief designer of the automobile expert group, voronevsky and others, to Beijing. They brought the agreement of the Soviet side to aid the construction of China's automobile factory. They learned about China's industrial situation and opinions on plant selection, collected design materials, worked out the plan assignment, carried out preliminary site survey and engineering geological exploration, and put forward suggestions for the construction of the factory And so on.
On January 18, 1951, Chen Yun, director of the finance and Economics Committee of the Government Affairs Council, held a meeting. After listening to the report of the automobile preparation plant, the meeting decided to choose the site from Siping to Changchun. The product is the Jeez 150 4T truck, with an annual output of 30000 vehicles. The design started in 1951, the plant was built in 1953, and it was completed and put into operation in 1956.
After receiving the instructions from the Government Affairs Council, Hu Liang and other three members of the preparatory group were immediately sent to Siping, Gongzhuling and Changchun for exploration. After the preparatory group and Soviet experts studied and determined to build a factory in Changchun. In February 1951, Meng Shaonong accompanied Soviet experts such as voronevsky to Changchun and determined that the site was located in the northwest of Mengjiatun railway station in the southwest of Changchun City. The CPC Finance Committee approved the plant selection plan immediately. At the same time, in April 1951, the Soviet expert group came to China to complete the preparation of the factory plan. On April 26, the Chinese Finance Committee approved the plan and delivered it to the Soviet automobile and tractor Industrial Design Institute to prepare the preliminary design of the factory. In April, the preparatory group selected Meng Shaonong, Chen Zutao, Li Gang and pan Chenglie to form an order group to go to Moscow to approve the technical design of the factory, handle the equipment distribution, hire experts and send interns.
Character career
In March 1950, the preparatory group for the automobile industry of the Ministry of heavy industry was established. Guo Li, who was the director of the ordnance division of the Ministry of industry of Shanxi Chahar Hebei border region and the director of the ordnance factory, was appointed as the director of the preparatory group to be responsible for the preparation of China's automobile industry. At that time, there were only a few car maintenance and simple parts manufacturing in China. There was a shortage of talents, no production base and no experience in large-scale production. As soon as the preparatory group was established, Guo Li made great efforts to recruit and cultivate talents. First, 180 students were selected from Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Beiyang University, Nankai University, Peking University, Yanjing University, Tongji University and other universities, and they were trained in automobile professional skills. At the same time, a small number of technicians were selected from all over the country, scattered in Shanghai, Chongqing, Kunming and other places And a very small number of returned students. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the Kuomintang government sent two groups of technicians to the United States to study automobile technology. The first group was sent by the army, and the second group was funded by the United States Leasing Act. The total number of technicians was about 40-50.
Guo Li led the comrades of the preparatory group to recruit talents, select the site, translate the materials and drawings provided by the Soviet side, and cooperate with experts to revise and supplement The central government approved the preliminary design, and Guo Li, as the first factory director of FAW, left Beijing for Changchun. At that time, the factory was a wilderness, only the bacteria factory left by the Japanese army and the ruins of several buildings. Guo Li resolutely adopted the method of self support and outsourcing. In just a few months, he restored the construction area of 50338.4 square meters, restored the water, electricity and heating, and stepped up the preparatory work.
In April 1952, Guo Li was appointed director of Changchun Automobile Factory (later officially named the first automobile factory by the central government). He then led some members of the preparatory group to Changchun, where the preparations for the construction of the plant began. In order to solve the problem of talents, Guo Li, with the support of the Ministry of heavy industry, prepared to build a technical training class for the automobile industry and concurrently served as the president. The first phase of 800 trainees all came from the PLA and became the backbone of China's automobile industry at the grassroots level. After that, the training class was changed into a long-term school, named Changchun Automobile Industry School (now Changchun University of Technology).
In June 1952, the central government officially decided that the automobile factory should be completed and put into operation in three years. Guo Li believes that the construction of an automobile factory needs the support of the local government. To speed up the progress of the project, a cadre who is familiar with the situation in Northeast China should be appointed as the factory director and be his own deputy. So he went to Shenyang and Beijing to report to the Northeast Bureau and the Party Central Committee. The Central Committee agreed to his request and transferred Comrade Rao bin to the post of factory director. "Guo Li gives up his talents" has become a good story.
After retiring as the first deputy director and chief engineer, in early 1954, Guo Li led 500 interns to study in the Soviet Union as a team leader and Party branch secretary. During his stay in the Soviet Union, Guo Li approved the technical design of FAW on behalf of the Chinese side under the authorization of the first machinery department. After returning home, Guo Li took charge of the production preparation. Under his organization and leadership, he established the economic management system with economic accounting as the core, and the complicated and scattered production preparation work was brought into the track of unified planning and unified goal. When the production conditions were basically available, Guo Li boldly adopted the circuitous process to make the trial production a success. In July 1956, China's self-made Jiefang car was launched. The successful design of the first batch of red flag premium cars also proved the correctness of the design principles determined by Guo Li for "red flag".
At the end of 1959, Guo Lizhong took the post of factory director again. In the face of the production order and severe situation disrupted by the great leap forward, he made a series of important decisions which were proved to be extremely correct by practice, including the planned and focused shift of the focus of work and main forces to enterprise rectification, so that "FAW" gradually went on the right track from once stopping production to resuming production, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent annual output of 60000 vehicles.
In August 1964, Guo Li went to Beijing to prepare for the establishment of China Automobile Industry Corporation on the basis of the former automobile Bureau. Drawing lessons from foreign experience and according to China's national conditions, he presided over the drafting of the report on the establishment of automobile trust. In January 1965, Guo Li was formally appointed Vice Minister of first machinery department and manager of China Automotive Industry Corporation. Since then, on the basis of the pilot, Beijing, Nanjing and other places have set up automobile branches. So far, China's automobile industry has made a good start in carrying out the management system revolution along the guidelines set by the central government.
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Chinese PinYin : Guo Li
Guo Li
