Mongolian Matouqin music

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Mongolian Matouqin music

Declaration area or unit: qianguoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County, Jilin Province

Item No.: 66

Project No.: Ⅱ - 35

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Jilin Province

Type: Extension Project

Declaration area or unit: qianguoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County, Jilin Province

Protection unit: national song and dance transmission and Learning Center (Matouqin Orchestra) of qiangoluosi Mongolian Autonomous County

Introduction to Mongolian Matouqin Music:

Declaration area or unit: qianguoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County, Jilin Province

Matouqin is a unique bowstring instrument of Mongolian nationality, which is called "Chaoer" in Mongolian. It is named after the horse head carved on the head. There is a deep relationship between Matouqin and another Mongolian musical instrument huobusi. Huobusi first evolved into nomentu huobusi, then into chaowuer, and finally evolved into Matouqin. Guoerluosi horse head Qin music is widely spread among the Mongolian people in the former Guoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County of Jilin Province, affecting the surrounding cities and counties such as Qian'an and Changling. In addition to formal occasions, there are also Matouqin performances in folk wedding ceremonies, family gatherings and other daily activities. It can be accompanied or solo, with strong national characteristics.

Matouqin is composed of speaker, rod, string, axis and bow. The rod is made of pear wood and mahogany. The large one is 124 cm long and the small one is 70 cm long. Speakers are mostly trapezoidal or inverted trapezoidal, there are also hexagonal or octagonal. The frame board is made of hardwood. It is covered with horse hide, cow hide or sheepskin on both sides. It is painted with patterns on the top. It is also covered with pine veneer on the back. There are sound holes on both sides. The upper part of the piano rod is set with a string axis on the left and right. The bow is made of rattan and tied with a horsetail. The other two horsetails are used as strings, and the strings are set in four or five degrees. When playing, the left hand holds the piano to press the string, and the right hand holds the bow to pull. The bow techniques such as pause, strike, break, fight and jump, and the left hand techniques such as tremor, glide, double tone, pluck, knead and overtone are often used. The sound production principle and the fingering and bowing techniques of Matouqin have very rich connotations. At the same time, they are quite different from all kinds of string instruments at home and abroad.

The traditional repertoire of Matouqin evolved from folk songs and can be divided into five categories. The first is the original folk songs, such as "Zhu se Lian", "Ba Ya Ling", etc.; the second is the heroic epic tunes, such as "galloping horse tune", "fighting tune", etc.; the third is the horse step tune, which mainly shows the image of the horse; the fourth is the qin tune developed from folk songs, such as "He Yin Hua", "mo de lie", etc.; the fifth is the traditional Han tunes, such as "Pu'an curse", "Liu Qing Niang", etc.

Matouqin is highly respected among the Mongolian people and has become an important form of Mongolian culture, which has the research value of Mongolian cultural history and folklore. In recent decades, the development of Matouqin music has encountered serious difficulties. In the history of Matouqin, each of the four major performing schools has its own traditional repertoire, but today, the inheritors of Matouqin are increasingly rare, and the repertoire of each school is lost seriously, so the protection work is urgent.

Chinese PinYin : Meng Gu Zu Ma Tou Qin Yin Le