Yangko (Jiyang GuZi Yangko)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yangko (Jiyang GuZi Yangko)

Applicant: Jiyang County, Shandong Province

Project No.: 105

Project No.: Ⅲ - 2

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Shandong Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Jiyang County, Shandong Province

Protection unit: cultural center of Jiyang District

Yangko (Jiyang GuZi Yangko)

Applicant: Jiyang County, Shandong Province

Yangko, also known as "twist Yangko", is a representative folk dance form of Han nationality in China. It originated from the working life of transplanting rice seedlings and farming, and is also related to the hymns and songs sung in ancient times when offering sacrifices to the God of agriculture to pray for harvest and disaster. In the long-term development process, Yangko continues to absorb folk songs, folk martial arts, acrobatics, opera and other folk art form skills, and gradually develops from general singing to collective dance performance. Yangko is rich in movements, various in forms, lively, unrestrained and enthusiastic, which is loved by ordinary people. After the Qing Dynasty, it has been widely spread all over the country and has become a popular folk dance style.

Jiyang County is located in the south of northern Shandong plain, bounded by Shanghe River in the north, and connected with Linyi in the northwest. Tuhai River and Yellow River cross the East and West. Jiyang GuZi Yangko with northern Shandong characteristics was born and spread here. Jiyang GuZi Yangko has a long history. It is said that it rose in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty and became popular in Qing Dynasty. It is an excellent heritage of Yellow River culture.

There are two kinds of performance forms of Jiyang GuZi Yangko: "jietongzi" and "paochangzi". Jietongzi is the Yangko team, which performs in the street. In front of it is the drum team, and in the back is the Yangko team. Yangko team is divided into three and five columns, umbrella in the middle of a single column, on both sides of the drum, stick, flower alternate two or four columns. In the performance of jietongzi, there are not only group dance but also cross dance. All the changes are centered on the umbrella. "Running field" is the performance of Yangko team after they arrive at the field. According to the position of the gongs and drums team, the Yangko team faces the big drum, with one umbrella, four drums, two sticks and two flowers as a group, performing in a single row. After entering the field from both sides, the two teams separated left and right, and walked along the edge of the field. The two teams met in the center of the front field to form a big circle. Then listen to the leader shake the gavel and start to run according to the predetermined field map. There are no less than dozens of Yangko team's running charts, which are divided into "Wen Chang", "Wu Chang" and "Wen Wu Chang". The "martial arts field" is characterized by its cheerful rhythm, enthusiastic and magnificent dancing posture, and its entrance and exit are expressed by dance movements. The scene map of "Wenchang" changes quickly and smoothly. The dancers keep their upper body posture and walk quickly according to the route of the scene map. That is, Yangko is often said to be "fighting in martial arts and walking in writing". "Martial arts field" is a half martial arts field diagram and movement changes, which is often used alternately in performances. When entering, it is often used as "martial arts field", and when leaving, it is often used as "martial arts field". The gongs and drums of Jiyang GuZi Yangko are sonorous and powerful, the dancing posture is bold and unconstrained, the momentum is magnificent, the emotion is simple and warm, and it has exuberant vitality and distinct local style. The main roles of this kind of Yangko include umbrella, drum, stick and flower, among which there are ugly umbrella and small umbrella. The steady ugly umbrella, the handsome small umbrella, the bright hand drum and the soft flower form a special performance team. The free and unrestrained dance reflects the forthright and optimistic, generous and enthusiastic character of the people in northern Shandong.

Jiyang GuZi Yangko is not only the crystallization of the wisdom of Jiyang people, but also the image embodiment of the simple, kind and hospitable characteristics of Jiyang people. As a classic of folk square dance, Jiyang GuZi Yangko has achieved great success in art, and has shown certain value in the study of art and folklore. At present, with the development of the times and the changes of social and cultural environment, the ecological environment of Jiyang GuZi Yangko is deteriorating, and its survival is in crisis, which is in urgent need of rescue.

Chinese PinYin : Yang Ge Ji Yang Gu Zi Yang Ge