Qinghai Xiaxian

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Qinghai Xiaxian

Declaration area or unit: Qinghai Province

Project No.: 787

Project No.: Ⅴ - 94

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Qinghai Province

Type: new item

Declaration area or unit: Qinghai Province

Protection unit: Qinghai Provincial Cultural Center

Brief introduction of Qinghai Xiaxian

Declaration area or unit: Qinghai Province

Qinghai Xiaxian is popular in Xining city of Qinghai Province and Hehuang area nearby. It was born in the late Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 100 years. From the middle of the Qing Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, it has been sung among the blind. Finally, it gradually developed into a unique kind of music, which is named for the main melody.

The last string of Qinghai is performed by one or two people. The form is very simple. Park hotels, teahouses and restaurants, streets and alleys can perform on the spot. When male artists sing alone, they play Banhu or Sanxian accompaniment. When female artists sing alone, they play Sanxian accompaniment. When two people perform together, they play Banhu and Sanxian accompaniment. The main tunes of Qinghai Xiaxian are "xiaxiandiao", "imitative xiaxiandiao" and "soft xiaxiandiao", and there are also such divertimento as "xiabeigong" and fixed tunes as "qianbeigong", "Liqing", "zaoluo" and "beibeigong". Singing music adopts the structure of the main melody plus the beginning and the end of the melody, in which the main melody has a distinct rhythm and is good at narration; the beginning and the end of the melody can be long or short, and is good at lyricism; the prelude and the middle passage are independent segments, which are played by the "bottom chord" method. The words of xiaxianqu are generally four sentences, which can be long or short and changeable. The structure of the singing tune is short. Although the four sentences are repeated, because of many changes, it still sounds beautiful and refreshing. Especially the beginning and the end of the tune change with the lyrics. The length of the lyrics is the length of the tune, and the length of the lyrics is the length of the tune. In the last string of Qinghai, there are traditional repertoire such as Sangu Maolu, chucaoying, mother-in-law's Ci Zi, Linchong's Dao buying, and passages such as December blossom and Hongyan's letter sending. Among them, Linchong's Dao buying can be divided into several sections such as Linchong's son praying, Dongyue Temple's vow returning, Dao buying, Goutang, prison going, linniangzi's farewell and going down the mountain.

At present, the survival and development of the last string of Qinghai is in crisis, and it is in the dilemma of no successor, which needs to be protected.

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Xia Xian